(1) Related services means transportation and such developmental, corrective, and other supportive services as are required to assist a student eligible for special education services to benefit from special education services, and includes speech-language pathology and audiology services, interpreting services, psychological services, physical and occupational therapy, recreation, including therapeutic recreation, early identification and assessment of disabilities in students, counseling services, including rehabilitation counseling, orientation and mobility services, behavioral services, and medical services for diagnostic or evaluation purposes. Related services also include school health services and school nurse services, social work services in schools, and parent counseling and training.

(2) Related services do not include a medical device that is surgically implanted, the optimization of that device's functioning (e.g., mapping), maintenance of that device, or the replacement of that device. Nothing in this subsection:

(a) Limits the right of a student with a surgically implanted device (e.g., cochlear implant) to receive related services (as listed in paragraph (a) of this section) that are determined by the IEP team to be necessary for the student to receive FAPE;

(b) Limits the responsibility of a public agency to appropriately monitor and maintain medical devices that are needed to maintain the health and safety of the student, including breathing, nutrition, or operation of other bodily functions, while the student is transported to and from school or is at school; or

(c) Prevents the routine checking of an external component of a surgically implanted device to make sure it is functioning properly.

(3) Individual related services terms used in this definition are defined as follows:

(a) Audiology includes:

(i) Identification of students with hearing loss;

(ii) Determination of the range, nature, and degree of hearing loss, including referral for medical or other professional attention for the habilitation of hearing;

(iii) Provision of habilitative activities, such as language habilitation, auditory training, speech reading (lip reading), hearing evaluation, and speech conservation;

(iv) Creation and administration of programs for prevention of hearing loss;

(v) Counseling and guidance of students, parents, and teachers regarding hearing loss; and

(vi) Determination of students' needs for group and individual amplification, selecting and fitting an appropriate aid, and evaluating the effectiveness of amplification.

(b) Counseling services means services provided by qualified social workers, psychologists, school counselors, or other qualified personnel.

(c) Early identification and assessment of disabilities in students means the implementation of a formal plan for identifying a disability as early as possible in a student's life.

(d) Interpreting services includes:

(i) Oral transliteration services, cued language transliteration services, sign language transliteration and interpreting services, and transcription services, such as communication access real-time translation (CART), C-Print, and TypeWell for students who are deaf or hard of hearing; and

(ii) Special interpreting services for students who are deafblind.

(e) Medical services means services provided by a licensed physician to determine a student's medically related disability that results in the student's need for special education and related services.

(f) Occupational therapy means services provided by a qualified occupational therapist and includes:

(i) Improving, developing, or restoring functions impaired or lost through illness, injury, or deprivation;

(ii) Improving ability to perform tasks for independent functioning if functions are impaired or lost; and

(iii) Preventing through early intervention, initial or further impairment or loss of function.

(g) Orientation and mobility services means services provided to blind or visually impaired students by qualified personnel to enable those students to attain systematic orientation to and safe movement within their environments in school, home, and community; and can include teaching the student:

(i) Spatial and environmental concepts and use of information received by the senses (such as sound, temperature and vibrations) to establish, maintain, or regain orientation and line of travel (e.g., using sound at a traffic light to cross the street);

(ii) To use the long cane or a service animal to supplement visual travel skills or as a tool for safely negotiating the environment for students with no available travel vision;

(iii) To understand and use remaining vision and distance low vision aids; and

(iv) Other concepts, techniques, and tools.

(h) Parent counseling and training means assisting parents in understanding the special needs of their child; providing parents with information about child development; and helping parents to acquire the necessary skills that will allow them to support the implementation of their child's IEP.

(i) Physical therapy means services provided by a qualified physical therapist.

(j) Psychological services includes:

(i) Administering psychological and educational tests, and other assessment procedures;

(ii) Interpreting assessment results;

(iii) Obtaining, integrating, and interpreting information about child behavior and conditions relating to learning;

(iv) Consulting with other staff members in planning school programs to meet the special educational service needs of students as indicated by psychological tests, interviews, direct observation, and behavioral evaluations;

(v) Planning and managing a program of psychological services, including psychological counseling for students and parents; and

(vi) Assisting in developing positive behavioral intervention strategies.

(k) Recreation includes:

(i) Assessment of leisure function;

(ii) Therapeutic recreation services;

(iii) Recreation programs in schools and community agencies; and

(iv) Leisure education.

(l) Rehabilitation counseling services means services provided by qualified personnel in individual or group sessions that focus specifically on career development, employment preparation, achieving independence, and integration in the workplace and community of a student with a disability. The term also includes vocational rehabilitation services provided to a student with a disability by vocational rehabilitation programs funded under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, 29 U.S.C. Sec. 701 et seq.

(m) School health services and school nurse services means health services that are designed to enable a student eligible for special education services to receive FAPE as described in the student's IEP. School nurse services are services provided by a qualified school nurse. School health services are services that may be provided by either a qualified school nurse or other qualified person.

(n) Social work services in schools includes:

(i) Preparing a social or developmental history on a student eligible for special education services;

(ii) Group and individual counseling with the student and family;

(iii) Working in partnership with parents and others on those problems in a student's living situation (home, school, and community) that affect the student's adjustment in school;

(iv) Mobilizing school and community resources to enable the student to learn as effectively as possible in his or her educational program; and

(v) Assisting in developing positive behavioral intervention strategies.

(o) Speech-language pathology services includes:

(i) Identification of children with speech or language impairments;

(ii) Diagnosis and appraisal of specific speech or language impairments;

(iii) Referral for medical or other professional attention necessary for the habilitation of speech or language impairments;

(iv) Provision of speech and language services for the habilitation or prevention of communicative impairments; and

(v) Counseling and guidance of parents, children, and teachers regarding speech and language impairments.

(p) Transportation includes:

(i) Travel to and from school and between schools;

(ii) Travel in and around school buildings; and

(iii) Specialized equipment (such as special or adapted buses, lifts, and ramps), if required to provide special transportation for a student eligible for special education services.

(q) Behavioral services means any services described in an IEP that specifically supports a student's behavioral needs.