(1) That portion of section numeration appearing after the chapter designation appears in either a three digit or a five digit format (e.g. 296-24-330 and 296-24-33002). The final two digits of the section number are implied decimal extensions of the first three digits and represent a further division of the three digit enumeration.

(2) Sections of this chapter may be divided into subsections (1), (2), (3), etc., which may in turn be divided into subdivisions (a), (b), (c), etc., which may be further divided into items (i), (ii), (iii), etc.,which may be further divided into subitems (A), (B), (C), etc.,which may be further divided into segments (I), (II), (III), etc.,all according to the following hierarchy, e.g.

The rules in this chapter are designed to protect the safety and health of employees by creating a healthy work environment by establishing requirements to control safety hazards in the workplace. Chapter 296-800 WAC, the safety and health core rules, contain safety and health rules that apply to most workplaces. Other special industry rules complement the rules found in this chapter and in the safety and health core rules.

Approved. Approved by the director of the department of labor and industries or their authorized representative: Provided, however, That should a provision of this chapter state that approval by an agency or organization other than the department of labor and industries is required, such as Underwriters' Laboratories or the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the provisions of WAC 296-800-360 must apply.

Authorized person. A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the job site.

Competent person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective action to eliminate them.

Department. The department of labor and industries.

Director. The director of the department of labor and industries, or designated representative.

Employer. Any person, firm, corporation, partnership, business trust, legal representative, or other business entity which engages in any business, industry, profession, or activity in this state and employs one or more employees or who contracts with one or more persons, the essence of which is the personal labor of such person or persons and includes the state, counties, cities, and all municipal corporations, public corporations, political subdivisions of the state, and charitable organizations: Provided, That any person, partnership, or business entity not having employees, and who is covered by the industrial insurance act must be considered both an employer and an employee.

First aid. For purposes of this section, the extent of treatment that could be expected to be given by a person trained in basic first aid, using supplies from a first-aid kit. Tests, such as X-rays, must not be confused with treatment.

Hazard. That condition, potential or inherent, which can cause injury, death, or occupational disease.

Hospitalization. To be admitted to a hospital or an equivalent medical facility on an emergent in-patient basis requiring an overnight stay.

Must. Mandatory.

Qualified. One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Safety and health standard. A standard which requires the adoption or use of one or more practices, means, methods, operations, or processes reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe or healthful employment and places of employment.

Safety factor. The ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of a member or piece of material or equipment to the actual working stress or safe load when in use.

Should. Recommended.

Standard safeguard. A device designed and constructed with the object of removing the hazard of accident incidental to the machine, appliance, tool, building, or equipment to which it is attached.

Standard safeguards must be constructed of either metal or wood or other suitable material or a combination of these. The final determination of the sufficiency of any safeguard rests with the director of the department of labor and industries.

Suitable. That which fits, or has the qualities or qualifications to meet a given purpose, occasion, condition, function, or circumstance.

Work place. Any plant, yard, premises, room, or other place where an employee or employees are employed for the performance of labor or service over which the employer has the right of access or control, and includes, but is not limited to, all work places covered by industrial insurance under Title 51 RCW, as now or hereafter amended.

Worker, personnel, person, employee, (and other terms of like meaning, unless the context of the provision containing such term indicates otherwise). An employee of an employer who is employed in the business of their employer whether by way of manual labor or otherwise and every person in this state who is engaged in the employment of or who is working under an independent contract the essence of which is their personal labor for an employer whether by manual labor or otherwise.

Working day. A calendar day, except Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays as set forth in RCW 1.16.050, as now or hereafter amended, and for the purposes of the computation of time within which an act is to be done under the provisions of this chapter, must be computed by excluding the first working day and including the last working day.

Abbreviations used in this chapter:

ANSI. American National Standards Institute.

API. American Petroleum Institute.

ASA. American Standards Association.

ASAE. American Society of Agricultural Engineers.

ASHRE. American Society of Heating and Refrigeration Engineers.

ASME. American Society for Mechanical Engineers.

ASTM. American Society for Testing and Materials.

AWS. American Welding Society.

BTU. British thermal unit.

BTUH. British thermal unit per hour.

CFM. Cubic feet per minute.

C.F.R. Code of Federal Regulations.

CGA. Compressed Gas Association.

CIE. Commission Internationale de l' Eclairage.

DOSH. Division of occupational safety and health.

DOT. Department of transportation.

FRP. Fiberglass reinforced plastic.

GPM. Gallons per minute.

ICC. Interstate Commerce Commission.

ID. Inside diameter.

LPG. Liquefied petroleum gas.

MCA. Manufacturing Chemist Association. (New name: Chemical Manufacturers Association.)

NBFU. National Board of Fire Underwriters.

NEMA. National Electrical Manufacturing Association.

NFPA. National Fire Protection Association.

NTP. Normal temperature and pressure.

OD. Outside diameter.

PSI. Pounds per square inch.

PSIA. Pounds per square inch atmospheric.

PSIG. Pounds per square inch gauge.

RMA. Rubber Manufacturers Association.

SAE. Society of Automotive Engineers.

TFI. The Fertilizer Institute.

TSC. Trailer Standard Code.

UL. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.

USASI. United States of America Standards Institute.

U.S.C. United States Code.

USCG. United States Coast Guard.

WAC. Washington Administrative Code.

WISHA. Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973.

You must allow sufficient safe clearances for aisles, at loading docks, through doorways and wherever turns or passage must be made where mechanical handling equipment is used. You must keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard. You must ensure that aisles and passageways are appropriately marked.

You must provide clearance signs to warn of clearance limits.

(1) You must ensure that derail and/or bumper blocks are provided on spur railroad tracks where a rolling car could contact other cars being worked, enter a building, work or traffic area. This does not apply to cars being moved by a locomotive, switch engine, donkey engine, or a car puller, but only to cars which are "cut loose." The standard does not apply to "cut loose" cars in railroad yards where trains are made up using gravity feed arrangements.

(2) You must employ a clearly audible warning system when cars are being moved by car pullers or locomotives, and when the person responsible for the moving does not have assurance that the area is clear, and it is safe to move the car or cars.

You must provide covers and/or guardrails to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches, etc.

ANSI. The American National Standards Institute.

Appointed. Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

Automatic crane. A crane which when activated operates through a preset cycle or cycles.

Auxiliary hoist. A supplemental hoisting unit of lighter capacity and usually higher speed than provided for the main hoist.

Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

Bridge. That part of a crane consisting of girders, trucks, end ties, footwalks, and drive mechanism which carries the trolley or trollies.

Bridge travel. The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway.

Bumper (buffer). An energy absorbing device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted travel; or when two moving cranes or trolleys come in contact.

Cab. The operator's compartment on a crane.

Cab-operated crane. A crane controlled by an operator in a cab located on the bridge or trolley.

Cantilever gantry crane. A gantry or semigantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides.

Clearance. The distance from any part of the crane to a point of the nearest obstruction.

Collectors (current). Contacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors.

Conductors, bridge. The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane to provide power to the trolley.

Conductors, runway (main). The electrical conductors located along a crane runway to provide power to the crane.

Control braking. A method of controlling crane motor speed when in an overhauling condition.

Controller, spring return. A controller which when released will return automatically to a neutral position.

Countertorque. A method of control by which the power to the motor is reversed to develop torque in the opposite direction.

Crane. A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism and integral part of the machine. Cranes whether fixed or mobile are driven manually or by power.

Designated. Selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

Drag brake. A brake which provides retarding force without external control.

Drift point. A point on a travel motion controller which releases the brake while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting before the brake is set.

Drum. The cylindrical member around which the ropes are wound for raising or lowering the load.

Dynamic. A method of controlling crane motor speeds when in the overhauling condition to provide a retarding force.

Emergency stop switch. A manually or automatically operated electric switch to cut off electric power independently of the regular operating controls.

Equalizer. A device which compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope.

Exposed. Capable of being contacted inadvertently. Applied to hazardous objects not adequately guarded or isolated.

Fail-safe. A provision designed to automatically stop or safely control any motion in which a malfunction occurs.

Floor-operated crane. A crane which is pendant or nonconductive rope controlled by an operator on the floor or an independent platform.

Footwalk. The walkway with handrail, attached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes.

Gantry crane. A crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway.

Hoist. An apparatus which may be a part of a crane, exerting a force for lifting or lowering.

Hoist chain. The load bearing chain in a hoist.

Hoist motion. That motion of a crane which raises and lowers a load.

Holding brake. A brake that automatically prevents motion when power is off.

Hot metal handling crane. An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring molten material.

Limit switch. A switch which is operated by some part or motion of a power-driven machine or equipment to alter the electric circuit associated with the machine or equipment.

Load. The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

Load block. The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope.

Magnet. An electromagnetic device carried on a crane hook to pick up loads magnetically.

Main hoist. The hoist mechanism provided for lifting the maximum rated load.

Main switch. A switch controlling the entire power supply to the crane.

Man trolley. A trolley having an operator's cab attached thereto.

Master switch. A switch which dominates the operation of contractors, relays, or other remotely operated devices.

Mechanical. A method of control by friction.

Overhead crane. A crane with a movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure.

Power-operated crane. A crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, air, hydraulic, or internal combustion means.

Pulpit-operated crane. A crane operated from a fixed operator station not attached to the crane.

Rated load. The maximum load for which a crane or individual hoist is designed and built by the manufacturer and shown on the equipment nameplate(s).

Regenerative. A form of dynamic braking in which the electrical energy generated is fed back into the power system.

Remote-operated crane. A crane controlled by an operator not in a pulpit or in the cab attached to the crane, by any method other than pendant or rope control.

Rope. Refers to wire rope, unless otherwise specified.

Running sheave. A sheave which rotates as the load block is raised or lowered.

Runway. An assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framework on which the crane or trolley travels.

Semigantry crane. A gantry crane with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by a truck running on an elevated rail or runway.

Side pull. That portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.

Span. The horizontal distance center to center of runway rails.

Standby crane. A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

Stop. A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does not have energy absorbing ability.

Storage bridge crane. A gantry type crane of long span usually used for bulk storage of material; the bridge girders or trusses are rigidly or nonrigidly supported on one or more legs. It may have one or more fixed or hinged cantilever ends.

Switch. A device for making, breaking, or for changing the connections in an electric circuit.

Trolley. The unit which travels on the bridge rails and carries the hoisting mechanism.

Trolley travel. The trolley movement at right angles to the crane runway.

Truck. The unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles which supports the bridge girders or trolleys.

Wall crane. A crane having a jib with or without trolley and supported from a side wall or line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or columns.

(1) Application. This section applies to overhead and gantry cranes, including semigantry, cantilever gantry, wall cranes, storage bridge cranes, and others having the same fundamental characteristics. These cranes are grouped because they all have trolleys and similar travel characteristics.

(2) New and existing equipment. You must ensure that all new overhead and gantry cranes constructed and installed on or after the effective date of these standards meet the design specifications of the American National Standards Institute, Safety Code for Overhead and Gantry Cranes, ANSI B30.2.0-1967. Overhead and gantry cranes constructed before the effective date of these standards, should be modified to conform to those design specifications, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the crane substantially complies with the requirements of this section. (See chapter 296-900 WAC, Administrative rules, for information on applying for a variance.)

(3) Modifications. Cranes may be modified and rerated provided such modifications and the supporting structure are checked thoroughly for the new rated load by a qualified engineer or the equipment manufacturer. You must test the crane in accordance with WAC 296-24-23521(2). You must display new rated load in accordance with (5) of this section.

(4) Wind indicators and rail clamps.

(a) You must provide outdoor storage bridges with automatic rail clamps. You must provide a wind-indicating device which will give a visible or audible alarm to the bridge operator at a predetermined wind velocity. If the clamps act on the rail heads, you must ground off any beads or weld flash on the rail heads.

(b) You must base calculations for wind pressure on outside overhead traveling cranes on not less than 30 pounds per square foot of exposed surface.

(5) Rated load marking. You must plainly mark the rated load of the crane on each side of the crane, and if the crane has more than one hoisting unit, each hoist must have its rated load marked on it or its load block. You must ensure that the rated load marking is clearly legible from the ground or floor.

(6) Clearance from obstruction.

(a) You must provide and maintain minimum clearance of 3 inches overhead and 2 inches laterally between crane and obstructions in conformity with Specification No. 61 Crane Manufactures Association of America, Inc., 8720 Red Oak Blvd., Suite 201, Charlotte, NC 28217.

(b) Where passageways or walkways are provided you must not place obstructions so that safety of personnel will be jeopardized by movements of the crane.

(7) Clearance between parallel cranes. If the runways of two cranes are parallel, and there are no intervening walls or structure, you must ensure that there is adequate clearance provided and maintained between the two bridges.

(8) Designated personnel. You must ensure that only designated personnel are permitted to operate a crane covered by this section.

(1) Cab location.

(a) You must ensure that the general arrangement of the cab and the location of control and protective equipment is such that all operating handles are within convenient reach of the operator when facing the area to be served by the load hook, or while facing the direction of travel of the cab. The arrangement must allow the operator a full view of the load hook in all positions.

(b) You must locate the cab to afford a minimum of 3 inches clearance from all fixed structures within its area of possible movement.

(c) You must ensure that the clearance of the cab above the working floor or passageway is not less than seven feet.

(2) Access to crane. You must provide access to the cab and/or bridge walkway by a conveniently placed fixed ladder, stairs, or platform, requiring no step over any gap exceeding 12 inches. You must ensure that fixed ladders are in conformance with the American National Standards Institute, Safety Code for Fixed Ladders, ANSI A14.3-1956.

(3) Fire extinguisher. A carbon dioxide, dry-chemical, or equivalent hand fire extinguisher should be kept in the cab. You must not use carbon tetrachloride extinguishers.

(4) Lighting. You must ensure that light in the cab is sufficient to enable the operator to see clearly enough to perform the work.

(1) Location of footwalks.

(a) If sufficient headroom is available on cab-operated cranes, you must provide a footwalk on the drive side along the entire length of the bridge of all cranes having the trolley running on the top of the girders. To give sufficient access to the opposite side of the trolley, you should provide either a footwalk mounted on the trolley, a suitable footwalk or platform in the building, or a footwalk on the opposite side of the crane at least twice the length of the trolley.

(b) You must ensure that footwalks are located to give a headroom not less than 78 inches. You must provide a minimum of 48 inches. If you cannot provide 48 inches of headroom, you should omit footwalks from the crane and build a stationary platform or landing stage for workers making repairs.

(2) Construction of footwalks.

(a) You must ensure that footwalks are of rigid construction and designed to sustain a distributed load of at least 50 pounds per square foot.

(b) You must ensure that footwalks have a walking surface of antislip type.

(c) You must ensure that footwalks are continuous and permanently secured.

(d) Footwalks should have a clear passageway at least 18 inches wide except opposite the bridge motor, where they should be not less than 15 inches. The inner edge must extend at least to the line of the outside edge of the lower cover plate or flange of the girder.

(3) Toeboards and handrails for footwalks. Toeboards and handrails must be in compliance with WAC 296-24-750 through 296-24-75011 and WAC 296-800-260.

(4) Ladders and stairways.

(a) You must provide gantry cranes with ladders or stairways extending from the ground to the footwalk or cab platform.

(b) You must equip stairways with rigid and substantial metal handrails. You must ensure that walking surfaces are of an antislip type.

(c) You must permanently and securely fasten ladders in place and ensure that they are constructed in compliance with chapter 296-876 WAC, Ladders, portable and fixed.

(1) Trolley stops.

(a) You must ensure that stops are provided at the limits of travel of the trolley.

(b) You must ensure that stops are fastened to resist forces applied when contacted.

(c) You must ensure that a stop engaging the tread of the wheel is of a height at least equal to the radius of the wheel.

(2) Bridge bumpers.

You must ensure that a crane is provided with bumpers or other automatic means providing equivalent effect, unless the crane travels at a slow rate of speed and has a faster deceleration rate due to the use of sleeve bearings, or is not operated near the ends of bridge and trolley travel, or is restricted to a limited distance by the nature of the crane operation and there is no hazard of striking any object in this limited distance or is used in similar operating conditions. The bumpers must be capable of stopping the crane (not including the lifted load) at an average rate of deceleration not to exceed 3 feet per second squared when traveling in either direction at 20% of the rated load speed.

(a) The bumpers must have sufficient energy absorbing capacity to stop the crane when traveling at a speed of at least 40% of rated load speed.

(b) The bumpers must be so mounted that there is no direct shear on bolts.

(c) Bumpers must be so designed and installed as to minimize parts falling from the crane in case of breakage.

(3) Trolley bumpers.

(a) You must ensure that a trolley is provided with bumpers or other automatic means of equivalent effect, unless the trolley travels at a slow rate of speed, or is not operated near the ends of bridge and trolley travel, or is restricted to a limited distance of the runway and there is no hazard of striking any object in this limited distance, or is used in similar operating conditions. The bumpers must be capable of stopping the trolley (not including the lifted load) at an average rate of deceleration not to exceed 4.7 feet per second squared when traveling in either direction at one-third of the rated load speed.

When more than one trolley is operated on the same bridge, each must be equipped with bumpers or equivalent on their adjacent ends.

(b) Bumpers or equivalent must be designed and installed to minimize parts falling from the trolley in case of age.

(4) Rail sweeps. You must ensure that bridge trucks are equipped with sweeps which extend below the top of the rail and project in front of the truck wheels.

(5) Guards for hoisting ropes.

(a) If hoisting ropes run near enough to other parts to make fouling or chafing possible, you must install guards to prevent this condition.

(b) You must provide a guard to prevent contact between bridge conductors and hoisting ropes if they could come into contact.

(6) Guards for moving parts.

(a) You must ensure that exposed moving parts such as gears, set screws, projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, and reciprocating components which might constitute a hazard under normal operating conditions are guarded.

(b) You must ensure that guards are securely fastened.

(c) You must ensure that each guard is capable of supporting without permanent distortion the weight of a 200-pound person unless the guard is located where it is impossible for a person to step on it.

(1) Brakes for hoists.

(a) You must ensure that each independent hoisting unit of a crane is equipped with at least one self-setting brake, hereafter referred to as a holding brake, applied directly to the motor shaft or some part of the gear train.

(b) You must ensure that each independent hoisting unit of a crane, except worm-geared hoists, the angle of whose worm is such as to prevent the load from accelerating in the lowering direction is, in addition to a holding brake, equipped with control braking means to prevent overspeeding.

(2) Holding brakes.

(a) Holding brakes for hoist motors must have not less than the following percentage of the full load hoisting torque at the point where the brake is applied.

(i) 125% when used with a control braking means other than mechanical.

(ii) 100% when used in conjunction with a mechanical control braking means.

(iii) 100% each if two holding brakes are provided.

(b) Holding brakes on hoists must have ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by the service.

(c) Holding brakes on hoists must be applied automatically when power is removed.

(d) Where necessary holding brakes must be provided with adjustment means to compensate for wear.

(e) The wearing surface of all holding-brake drums or discs must be smooth.

(f) Each independent hoisting unit of a crane handling hot metal and having power control braking means must be equipped with at least two holding brakes.

(3) Control braking means.

(a) You must ensure that a power control braking means such as regenerative, dynamic or countertorque braking, or a mechanically controlled braking means is capable of maintaining safe lowering speeds of rated loads.

(b) You must ensure that the control braking means has ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by service.

(4) Brakes for trolleys and bridges.

(a) You must ensure that foot operated brakes do not require an applied force of more than 70 pounds to develop manufacturer's rated brake torque.

(b) Brakes may be applied by mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or gravity means.

(c) Where necessary you must provide brakes with adjustment means to compensate for wear.

(d) You must ensure that the wearing surface of all brake drums or discs are smooth.

(e) All foot-brake pedals must be constructed so that the operator's foot will not easily slip off the pedal.

(f) Foot-operated brakes must be equipped with automatic means for positive release when pressure is released from the pedal.

(g) You must ensure that brakes for stopping the motion of the trolley or bridge are of sufficient size to stop the trolley or bridge within a distance in feet equal to 10% of full load speed in feet per minute when traveling at full speed with full load.

(h) If holding brakes are provided on the bridge or trolley(s), you must ensure that they do not prohibit the use of a drift point in the control circuit.

(i) You must ensure that brakes on trolleys and bridges have ample thermal capacity for the frequency of operation required by the service to prevent impairment of functions from overheating.

(5) Application of trolley brakes.

(a) On cab-operated cranes with cab on trolley, a trolley brake is required as specified under (4) of this section.

(b) A drag brake may be applied to hold the trolley in a desired position on the bridge and to eliminate creep with the power off.

(6) Application of bridge brakes.

(a) On cab-operated cranes with cab on bridge, a bridge brake is required as specified under (4) of this section.

(b) On cab-operated cranes with cab on trolley, you must use a bridge brake of the holding type.

(c) On all floor, remote and pulpit-operated crane bridge drives, you must provide a brake or noncoasting mechanical drive.

(1) General.

(a) Wiring and equipment must comply with chapter 296-24 WAC Part L, and WAC 296-800-280.

(b) The control circuit voltage must not exceed 600 volts for a.c. or d.c. current.

(c) The voltage at pendant pushbuttons must not exceed 150 volts for a.c. and 300 volts for d.c.

(d) Where multiple conductor cable is used with a suspended pushbutton station, the station must be supported in a manner that will protect the electrical conductors against strain.

(e) Pendant control boxes must be constructed to prevent electrical shock and must be clearly marked for identification of functions.

(2) Equipment.

(a) You must ensure that electrical equipment is located or enclosed so that live parts will not be exposed to accidental contact under normal operating conditions.

(b) You must ensure that electric equipment is protected from dirt, grease, oil, and moisture.

(c) You must ensure that guards for live parts are substantial and located so that they cannot be accidentally deformed so as to make contact with the live parts.

(3) Controllers.

(a) You must provide cranes not equipped with spring-return controllers or momentary contact pushbuttons with a device which will disconnect all motors from the line on failure of power and will not permit any motor to be restarted until the controller handle is brought to the "off" position, or a reset switch or button is operated.

(b) You must provide lever operated controllers with a notch or latch which in the "off" position prevents the handle from being inadvertently moved to the "on" position. An "off" detent or spring return arrangement is acceptable.

(c) You must ensure that the controller operating handle is located within convenient reach of the operator.

(d) You must ensure that as far as practicable, the movement of each controller handle is in the same general directions as the resultant movements of the load.

(e) You must ensure that the control for the bridge and trolley travel is located so that the operator can readily face the direction of travel.

(f) For floor-operated cranes, you must ensure that the controller or controllers if rope operated, automatically returns to the "off" position when released by the operator.

(g) You must ensure that pushbuttons in pendant stations return to the off position when pressure is released by the crane operator.

(h) You must ensure that automatic cranes are designed so that all motions shall fail-safe if any malfunction of operation occurs.

(i) You must ensure that remote-operated cranes function so that if the control signal for any crane motion becomes ineffective the crane motion must stop.

(4) Resistors.

(a) You must ensure that enclosures for resistors have openings to provide adequate ventilation, and are installed to prevent the accumulation of combustible matter near hot parts.

(b) You must ensure that resistor units are supported so as to be free as possible from vibration.

(c) You must put in place a provision to prevent broken parts or molten metal falling upon the operator or from the crane.

(5) Switches.

(a) You must ensure that the power supply to the runway conductors is controlled by a switch or circuit breaker located on a fixed structure, accessible from the floor, and arranged to be locked in the open position.

(b) You must ensure that on cab-operated cranes a switch or circuit breaker of the enclosed type, with provision for locking in the open position is provided in the leads from the runway conductors. A means of opening this switch or circuit breaker must be located within easy reach of the operator.

(c) You must ensure that on floor-operated cranes, a switch or circuit breaker of the enclosed type, with provision for locking in the open position, is provided in the leads from the runway conductors. This disconnect must be mounted on the bridge or footwalk near the runway collectors. You must provide one of the following types of floor operated disconnects:

(i) Nonconductive rope attached to the main disconnect switch.

(ii) An undervoltage trip for the main circuit breaker operated by an emergency stop button in the pendant pushbutton station.

(iii) A main line contactor operated by a switch or pushbutton in the pendant pushbutton station.

(d) You must ensure that the hoisting motion of all electric traveling cranes is provided with an overtravel limit switch in the hoisting direction.

(e) You must ensure that all cranes using a lifting magnet must have a magnet circuit switch of the enclosed type with provision for locking in the open position. You must provide means for discharging the inductive load of the magnet.

(6) Runway conductors. You must ensure that conductors of the open type mounted on the crane runway beams or overhead (sometimes known as "runway conductors") are located or guarded so that persons entering or leaving the cab or crane footwalk normally could not come into contact with them.

(7) Extension lamps. If a service receptacle is provided in the cab or on the bridge of cab-operated cranes, it must be a grounded three-prong type permanent receptacle, not exceeding 300 volts.

(8) Floor operated cranes.

(a) You must maintain an unobstructed aisle not less than three feet wide for travel of the operator except in such cases where the control handles are hung from the trolleys of traveling cranes.

(b) You must ensure that the handles of control ropes are distinctly different in contour so that, without looking, the operator will know which is the hoisting and which is the lowering handle. You must clearly indicate the direction of all movements of the crane in some manner so that the operator can easily become familiar with them.

(c) When repairing runways, repairpersons must place rail stops and warning signs or signals so as to protect both ends of the section to be repaired.

(d) Repairpersons must take care to prevent loose parts from falling or being thrown upon the floor beneath.

(1) Sheaves.

(a) You must ensure that sheave grooves are smooth and free from surface defects which could cause rope damage.

(b) You must provide sheaves carrying ropes which can be momentarily unloaded with close-fitting guards or other suitable devices to guide the rope back into the groove when the load is applied again.

(c) You must ensure that the sheaves in the bottom block are equipped with close-fitting guards that will prevent ropes from becoming fouled when the block is laying on the ground with ropes loose.

(d) You must ensure that pockets and flanges of sheaves used with hoist chains are of such dimensions that the chain does not catch or bind during operation.

(e) You must ensure that all running sheaves are equipped with means for lubrication. Permanently lubricated, sealed and/or shielded bearings meet this requirement.

(2) Ropes.

(a) In using hoisting ropes, you must follow the crane manufacturer's recommendation. The rated load divided by the number of parts of rope must not exceed 20% of the nominal breaking strength of the rope.

(b) You must ensure that socketing is done in the manner specified by the manufacturer of the assembly.

(c) You must secure rope to the drum as follows:

(i) No less than two wraps of rope must remain on the drum when the hook is in its extreme low position.

(ii) Rope end must be anchored by a clamp securely attached to the drum, or by a socket arrangement approved by the crane or rope manufacturer.

(d) You must ensure that rope clips attached with U-bolts have the U-bolts on the dead or short end of the rope. Spacing and number of all types of clips must be in accordance with (2)(e) of this section. Clips must be drop-forged steel in all sizes manufactured commercially. When a newly installed rope has been in operation for an hour, all nuts on the clip bolts must be retightened.

(e)

(f) You must apply swaged or compressed fittings as recommended by the rope or crane manufacturer.

(g) Wherever exposed to temperatures, at which fiber cores would be damaged, you must use rope having an independent wire-rope or wire-strand core, or other temperature-damage resistant core.

(h) You must ensure that replacement rope is the same size, grade, and construction as the original rope furnished by the crane manufacturer, unless otherwise recommended by a wire rope manufacturer due to actual working condition requirements.

(3) Equalizers. You must ensure that the tension in the parts is equalized if a load is supported by more than one part of rope.

(4) Hooks. You must ensure that hooks meet the manufacturer's recommendations and are not overloaded. Safety latch-type hooks must be used or the hook must be moused.

You must provide a gong or other effective warning signal for each crane equipped with a powered traveling mechanism except for floor operated cranes.

(1) Inspection classification.

(a) Initial inspection. You must perform an initial inspection prior to initial use all new and altered cranes to ensure compliance with the provisions of these standards.

(b) Inspection procedure for cranes in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be performed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the crane and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as "frequent" and "periodic" with respective intervals between inspections as defined below:

(i) Frequent inspection - Daily to monthly intervals.

(ii) Periodic inspection - 1 to 12 month intervals.

(2) Frequent inspection. You must inspect the following items for defects at intervals as defined in (1)(b) of this section or as specifically indicated, including observation during operation for any defects which might appear between regular inspections. All deficiencies such as listed must be carefully examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) All functional operating mechanisms for maladjustment interfering with proper operation. Daily.

(b) Deterioration or leakage in lines, tanks, valves, drain pumps, and other parts of air or hydraulic systems. Daily.

(c) Hooks with deformation or cracks. Visual inspection daily; monthly inspection with signed reports. For hooks with cracks or having more than 15% in excess of normal throat opening or more than 10° twist from the plane of the unbent hook refer to WAC 296-24-23523 (3)(c)(i).

(d) Hoist or load attachment chains, including end connections, for excessive wear, twist, distorted links interfering with proper function, or stretch beyond manufacturer's recommendations. Visual inspection daily; monthly inspection with signed report.

(e) Rope slings, including end connections, for excessive wear, broken wires, stretch, kinking, or twisting. Visual inspection daily; monthly inspection with signed report.

(f) All functional operating mechanisms for excessive wear of components.

(g) Rope reeving for noncompliance with manufacturer's recommendations.

(3) Periodic inspection. You must complete inspections of the crane at intervals as generally defined in (l)(b)(ii) of this section, depending upon its activity, severity of service, and environment, or as specifically indicated below. These inspections must include the requirements of (2) of this section and in addition, the following items. Any deficiencies such as listed shall be carefully examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Deformed, cracked, or corroded members.

(b) Loose bolts or rivets.

(c) Cracked or worn sheaves and drums.

(d) Worn, cracked or distorted parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers, locking and clamping devices.

(e) Excessive wear on brake system parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets.

(f) Load, wind, and other indicators over their full range, for any significant inaccuracies.

(g) Gasoline, diesel, electric, or other powerplants for improper performance or noncompliance with applicable safety requirements.

(h) Excessive wear of chain drive sprockets and excessive chain stretch.

(i) Crane hooks. Magnetic particle or other suitable crack detecting inspection should be performed at least once each year.

(j) Electrical apparatus, for signs of pitting or any deterioration of controller contactors, limit switches and pushbutton stations.

(4) Cranes not in regular use.

(a) You must inspect a crane which has been idle for a period of 1 month or more, but less than 6 months, in conformance with requirements of (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-23525(2), before placing in service.

(b) You must completely inspect a crane which has been idle for a period of over 6 months in conformance with requirements of (2) and (3) of this section and WAC 296-24-23525(2) before placing in service.

(c) You must inspect standby cranes at least semi-annually in accordance with requirements of (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-23525(2). Standby cranes exposed to adverse environment should be inspected more frequently.

(1) Operational tests.

(a) Prior to initial use you must test all new and altered cranes to insure compliance with this section including the following functions:

(i) Hoisting and lowering.

(ii) Trolley travel.

(iii) Bridge travel.

(iv) Limit switches, locking and safety devices.

(b) You must determine the trip setting of hoist limit switches by tests with an empty hook traveling in increasing speeds up to the maximum speed. You must ensure that the actuating mechanism of the limit switch is located so that it will trip the switch, under all conditions, in sufficient time to prevent contact of the hook or hook block with any part of the trolley.

(2) Rated load test. Prior to initial use all new, extensively repaired, and altered cranes should be tested by or under the direction of an appointed or authorized person, confirming the load rating of the crane. The load rating should not be more than 80% of the maximum load sustained during the test. Test loads must not be more than 125% of the rated load unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. You must place the tests reports on file where readily available to appointed personnel.

(1) Preventive maintenance. You must establish a preventive maintenance program based on the crane manufacturer's recommendations.

(2) Maintenance procedure.

(a) Before adjustments and repairs are started on a crane you must take the following precautions:

(i) The crane to be repaired must be run to a location where it will cause the least interference with other cranes and operations in the area.

(ii) All controllers must be at the off position.

(iii) The main or emergency switch must be open and locked in the open position.

(iv) Warning or "out of order" signs must be placed on the crane, also on the floor beneath or on the hook where visible from the floor.

(v) Where other cranes are in operation on the same runway, rail stops or other suitable means must be provided to prevent interference with the idle crane.

(vi) Where temporary protective rail stops are not available, or practical, a signalperson should be placed at a visual vantage point for observing the approach of an active crane and warning its operator when reaching the limit of safe distance from the idle crane.

(b) After adjustments and repairs have been made you must not operate the crane until all guards have been reinstalled, safety devices reactivated and maintenance equipment removed.

(3) Adjustments and repairs.

(a) You must correct any unsafe conditions disclosed by the inspection requirements of WAC 296-24-23519 before operation of the crane is resumed. You must ensure that adjustments and repairs are done only by designated personnel.

(b) You must maintain adjustments to assure correct functioning of components. The following are examples:

(i) All functional operating mechanisms.

(ii) Limit switches.

(iii) Control systems.

(iv) Brakes.

(v) Power plants.

(c) You must provide repairs or replacements promptly as needed for safe operation. The following are examples:

(i) You must carefully examine accessory components, such as hooks, periodically and at the time of annual examination and inspection. You must discard cracked or deformed hooks immediately and not reused on any equipment subject to the provisions of this code.

(ii) Load attachment chains and rope slings showing defects described in WAC 296-24-23519 (2)(d) and (e) respectively.

(iii) All critical parts which are cracked, broken, bent, or excessively worn.

(iv) You must keep pendant control stations clean and function labels kept legible.

(1) Running ropes. You must perform a thorough inspection of all ropes at least once a month and keep a full written, dated, and signed report of rope condition on file where readily available to appointed personnel. You must carefully note any deterioration, resulting in appreciable loss of original strength, such as described below, and determine whether further use of the rope would constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Reduction of rope diameter below nominal diameter due to loss of core support, internal or external corrosion, or wear of outside wires.

(b) A number of broken outside wires and the degree of distribution or concentration of such broken wires.

(c) Worn outside wires.

(d) Corroded or broken wires at end connections.

(e) Corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or improperly applied end connections.

(f) Severe kinking, crushing, cutting, or unstranding.

(2) Other ropes. You must thoroughly inspect all rope which has been idle for a period of a month or more due to shutdown or storage of a crane on which it is installed before it is placed in service. You must inspect for all types of deterioration and you must ensure that the inspection is performed by an appointed person whose approval must be required for further use of the rope. You must make available for inspection a written and dated report of the rope condition.

(1) Size of load. You must ensure that the crane is not loaded beyond its rated load except for test purposes as provided in WAC 296-24-23521.

(2) Attaching the load.

(a) You must ensure that the hoist chain or hoist rope is free from kinks or twists and is not be wrapped around the load.

(b) The load must be attached to the load block hook by means of slings or other approved devices.

(c) You must take care to make certain that the sling clears all obstacles.

(3) Moving the load.

(a) You must ensure that the load is well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches.

(b) Before starting to hoist you must note the following conditions:

(i) Hoist rope must not be kinked.

(ii) Multiple part lines must not be twisted around each other.

(iii) The hook must be brought over the load in such a manner as to prevent swinging.

(c) During hoisting you must take care that:

(i) There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load.

(ii) The load does not contact any obstructions.

(d) You must ensure that cranes are not used for side pulls except when specifically authorized by a responsible person who has determined that the stability of the crane is not thereby endangered and that various parts of the crane will not be overstressed.

(e) While any employee is on the load or hook, you must ensure that there is no hoisting, lowering, or traveling.

(f) The employer must require that the operator avoid carrying loads over people.

(g) The operator must test the brakes each time a load approaching the rated load is handled. You must test the brakes by raising the load a few inches and applying the brakes.

(h) The load must not be lowered below the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on the hoisting drum.

(i) When two or more cranes are used to lift a load one qualified responsible person must be in charge of the operation. The qualified person must analyze the operation and instruct all personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the movements to be made.

(j) The employer must assure that the operator does not leave the control position while the load is suspended.

(k) When starting the bridge and when the load or hook approaches near or over personnel, you must sound the warning signal.

(4) Hoist limit switch.

(a) At the beginning of each operator's shift, the operator must try out the upper limit switch of each hoist under no load. Extreme care must be exercised; the block must be "inched" into the limit or run in at slow speed. If the switch does not operate properly, the appointed person must be immediately notified.

(b) You must never use the hoist limit switch which controls the upper limit of travel of the load block as an operating control.

(1) You must ensure that cranes are operated only by regular crane operators, authorized substitutes who have had adequate experience and training under the supervision of a competent operator, or by crane repairmen or inspectors.

(2) You must ensure that crane operators are able to communicate with others at the worksite sufficiently to understand the signs, notices, operation instructions, and the signal code in use to ensure safe operation of the crane.

(3) You must ensure that no minor under eighteen years of age is employed in occupations involving the operation of any power-driven hoisting apparatus or assisting in such operations by work such as hooking on, loading slings, rigging gear, etc.

(4) You must ensure that no person is permitted to operate a crane whose hearing or eye-sight is impaired, or who may be suffering from heart disease or similar ailments. The following physical qualifications must be minimum requirements for overhead and gantry crane operators and trainees:

(a) They must have vision of at least 20/30 in one eye, and 20/50 in the other, with or without corrective lenses.

(b) They must be able to distinguish colors, regardless of position of colors, if color differential is required for operation.

(c) Their hearing, with or without hearing aid, must be adequate for a specific operation.

(d) They must have sufficient strength, endurance, agility, coordination, and speed of reaction to meet the demands of equipment operation.

(e) They must have normal depth perception, field of vision, reaction time, manual dexterity, coordination and no tendencies to dizziness or similar undesirable characteristics.

(f) Evidence of physical defects, or emotional instability which could render the operator or trainee a hazard to their self or others, or could interfere with their safe performance may be sufficient cause for disqualification. In such cases, you must require specialized clinical or medical judgments or tests (which include annual medical certification for recovered heart attack patients).

(g) Evidence that an operator or trainee is subject to seizures or loss of physical control must be sufficient reason for disqualification. You must require specialized medical tests to substantiate these conditions.

(5) Persons who have recovered from a heart attack must be exempted from the provisions of subsection (4) of this section, as it pertains to their heart condition, provided:

(a) A medical release is obtained from their attending medical doctor.

(b) The release must state that the operation of a crane will not present a hazard to their self or others.

(c) An examination by a medical doctor, and renewal of the work release certification is required annually.

(6) The operator must be fully familiar with all crane rules and with the crane mechanism and its proper care. Needed adjustments or repairs must be reported at once to the proper authority.

(7) The operator must not eat, smoke or read while actually engaged in the operation of the crane, or operate the crane when physically unfit.

(8) The operator or someone especially designated must properly lubricate all working parts of the crane.

(9) You must keep cranes clean.

(10) You must ensure that whenever the operator finds the main or emergency switch open, it is not closed, even when starting on regular duty, until it is determined that no one is on or about the crane. You must not oil or repair the crane unless the main switch is open.

(11) If the power goes off, the operator must immediately throw all controllers to "off" position until the power is again available.

(12) The operator must make sure that all controllers are in "off" position until the power is again available before closing the main switch.

(13) You must ensure that the operator recognizes signals only from the employee who is supervising the lift. Operating signals must follow an established standard. Whistle signals may be used where only one crane is in operation.

(14) You must ensure that bumping into runway stops or other cranes is avoided. When the operator is ordered to engage with or push other cranes, it must be done with special care for the safety of persons on or below cranes.

(15) You must ensure that when lowering a load, the operator proceeds carefully and makes sure the load is under safe control.

(16) You must ensure that when leaving the cage the operator throws all controllers to "off" position and opens the main switch.

(17) You must ensure that if the crane is located out-of-doors the operator locks the crane in a secure position to prevent it from being blown along or off the track by a severe wind.

(18) Operators must not permit anyone to ride on the load or hooks, unless using a lifeline or safety device approved by the department.

(1) Ladders.

(a) The employer must ensure that hands are free from encumbrances while personnel are using ladders.

(b) You must lift and lower articles which are too large to be carried in pockets or belts by hand line.

(2) Cabs.

(a) You must store necessary clothing and personal belongings in such a manner as not to interfere with access or operation.

(b) You must store tools, oil cans, waste, extra fuses, and other necessary articles in the tool box, and you must not permit them to lie loose in or about the cab.

(3) Fire extinguishers. You must ensure that operators are familiar with the operation and care of fire extinguishers provided.

(1) Scope and application. This standard applies to the design, construction, testing, use and maintenance of personnel platforms, and the hoisting of personnel platforms on the load lines of cranes or derricks.

(2) Definitions. For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:

Failure. Load refusal, breakage, or separation of components.

Hoist (or hoisting). All crane or derrick functions such as lowering, lifting, swinging, booming in and out or up and down, or suspending a personnel platform.

Load refusal. The point where the ultimate strength is exceeded.

Maximum intended load. The total load of all employees tools, materials, and other loads reasonably anticipated to be applied to a personnel platform or personnel platform component at any one time.

Runway. A firm, level surface designed, prepared, and designated as a path of travel for the weight and configuration of the crane being used to lift and travel with the crane suspended platform. An existing surface may be used as long as it meets these criteria.

(3) General requirements. The use of a crane or derrick to hoist employees on a personnel platform is prohibited, except when the erection, use, and dismantling of conventional means of reaching the worksite, such as a personnel hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform or scaffold, would be more hazardous, or is not possible because of structural design or worksite conditions.

(4) Operational criteria.

(a) You must perform hoisting of the personnel platform in a slow, controlled, cautious manner with no sudden movements of the crane or derrick, or the platform.

(b) You must ensure that load lines are capable of supporting, without failure, at least 7 times the maximum intended load, except that where rotation resistant rope is used, the lines must be capable of supporting without failure, at least 10 times the maximum intended load. The required design factor is achieved by taking the current safety factor of 3.5 and applying the 50% derating of the crane capacity.

(c) You must engage load and boom hoist drum brakes, swing brakes, and locking devices such as pawls or dogs when the occupied personnel platform is in a stationary working position.

(d) You must equip cranes and derricks with variable angle booms with a boom angle indicator, readily visible to the operator.

(e) You must equip cranes with telescoping booms with a device to indicate clearly to the operator, at all times, the boom's extended length, or you must make an accurate determination of the load radius to be used during the lift prior to hoisting personnel.

(f) You must use a positive acting device which prevents contact between the load block or overhaul ball and the boom tip (anti-two-blocking device), or you must use a system which deactivates the hoisting action before damage occurs in the event of a two-blocking situation (two block damage prevention feature).

(g) You must ensure that the load line hoist drum has a system or device on the power train, other than the load hoist brake, which regulates the lowering rate of speed of the hoist mechanism (controlled load lowering). Free fall is prohibited.

(h) You must ensure that the crane is uniformly level within 1% of level grade and located on firm footing. You must ensure that cranes equipped with outriggers have them all fully deployed following manufacturer's specifications, insofar as applicable, when hoisting employees.

(i) You must ensure that the total weight of the loaded personnel platform and related rigging does not exceed 50% of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the crane or derrick.

(j) The use of machines having live booms (booms in which lowering is controlled by a brake without aid from other devices which slow the lowering speeds) is prohibited.

(k) Multiple-part line block: When a multiple-part line block is in use, you must use a substantial strap between the crane hook and common ring, shackle, or other equivalent device, to eliminate employee exposure to the lines running through the block, and to the block itself.

(5) Rigging.

(a) Lifting bridles on box-type platforms must consist of four legs of equal length, with one end securely shackled to each corner of the platform and the other end securely attached to a common ring, shackle, or other equivalent device to accommodate the crane hook, or a strap to the crane hook.

(b) You must secure shackle bolts used for rigging of personnel platforms against displacement.

(c) A substantial safety line must pass through the eye of each leg of the bridle adjacent to the common ring, shackle, or equivalent device and be securely fastened with a minimum amount of slack to the lift line above the headache ball or to the crane hook itself.

(d) All eyes in wire rope sling must be fabricated with thimbles.

(e) Wire rope, shackles, rings, master links, and other rigging hardware must be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 5 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that component. Where rotation resistant wire rope is used for slings, they must be capable of supporting without failure at least 10 times the maximum intended load.

(f) Hooks on headache ball assemblies, lower load blocks, or other attachment assemblies must be of a type that can be closed and locked, eliminating the hook throat opening. Alternatively, an alloy anchor type shackle with a bolt, nut, and retaining pin must be used.

(g) You must only use bridles and associated rigging for attaching the personnel platform to the hoist line for the platform and the necessary employees, their tools and the materials necessary to do their work, and you must not use them for any other purpose when not hoisting personnel.

(6) Personnel platforms - Design criteria.

(a) The personnel platform and suspension system must be designed by a qualified engineer or a qualified person competent in structural design.

(b) The suspension system must be designed to minimize tipping of the platform due to movement of employees occupying the platform.

(c) The personnel platform itself, except the guardrail system and body belt/harness anchorages, must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 5 times the maximum intended load based on a minimum allowance of 500 pounds for the first person with light tools, and an additional 250 pounds for each additional person.

(d) The personnel platform must be conspicuously posted with a plate or other permanent marking which indicates the weight of the platform and its rated load capacity or maximum intended load.

(7) Platform specifications.

(a) You must equip each personnel platform with a guardrail system which meets the requirements of WAC 296-24-75011, and is enclosed at least from the toeboard to mid-rail with either solid construction or expanded metal having openings no greater than 1/2 inch (1.27 cm).

(b) You must install a grab rail inside the entire perimeter of the personnel platform.

(c) You must ensure that access gates, if installed, do not swing outward during hoisting.

(d) You must equip access gates, including sliding or folding gates, with a restraining device to prevent accidental opening.

(e) You must provide headroom which allows employees to stand upright in the platform.

(f) In addition to the use of hard hats, you must protect employees by overhead protection on the personnel platform when employees are exposed to falling objects.

(g) You must surface or smooth all rough edges exposed to contact by employees in order to prevent injury to employees from punctures or lacerations.

(h) You must ensure that all welding of the personnel platform and its components is performed by a qualified welder familiar with the weld grades, types, and material specified in the platform design.

(i) Occupants of all personnel platforms must wear a safety belt or harness and lanyard which meets the requirements of ANSI A10.14-1975.

(j) Box-type platform: The workers lanyard must be secured to the work platform or guardrail of the work platform.

(k) Rescue platform:

(i) If the platform is used as a rescue vehicle, the injured worker must be strapped into the stretcher or basket.

(ii) The basket must then be secured by lanyard to an anchorage within the platform.

(l) Boatswains chair: You must ensure that the workers lanyard is secured to the lift line above the headache ball or to the crane hook itself.

(m) Barrel-type platform:

(i) The workers lanyard must be secured to the lift line above the headache ball or to the crane hook itself.

(ii) A solid bar or rod must be substantially attached in a rigid position to the bottom or side of the platform.

(iii) The side bar or rod must extend a minimum of 8 feet above the floor of the work platform.

(iv) The bottom of the barrel-type platform must be of a convex shape to cause the platform to lay on its side when lowered to the ground or floor.

(v) Workers must enter and exit from barrel-type platforms only when they are in an upright position, stable, and securely attached to the load line.

(vi) The employer must use methods or devices which allow employees to safely enter or exit barrel-type platforms.

(8) Personnel platform loading.

(a) You must ensure that the personnel platform is not loaded in excess of its rated load capacity.

(b) You must ensure that the number of employees occupying the personnel platform does not exceed the number required for the work being performed.

(c) You must ensure that the personnel platforms are used only for employees, their tools, and the materials necessary to do their work, and are not used to hoist only materials or tools when not hoisting personnel.

(d) You must secure materials and tools for use during a personnel lift to prevent displacement.

(e) You must evenly distribute materials and tools for use during a personnel lift within the confines of the platform while the platform is suspended.

(9) Trial lift, inspection, and prooftesting.

(a) You must make a trial lift with the unoccupied personnel platform loaded at least to the anticipated liftweight from ground level, or any other location where employees will enter the platform, to each location at which the personnel platform is to be hoisted and positioned. You must perform this trial lift immediately prior to placing personnel on the platform. The operator must determine that all systems, controls, and safety devices are activated and functioning properly; that no interferences exist; and that all configurations necessary to reach those work locations will allow the operator to remain under the 50% limit of the hoist's rated capacity. Materials and tools to be used during the actual lift can be loaded in the platform, as provided in subsection (8)(d) and (e) of this section for the trial lift. A single trial lift may be performed at one time for all locations that are to be reached from a single set-up position.

(b) You must repeat the trial lift prior to hoisting employees whenever the crane or derrick is moved and set up in a new location or returned to a previously used location. Additionally, you must repeat the trial lift when the lift route is changed unless the operator determines that the route change is not significant (i.e., the route change would not affect the safety of hoisted employees).

(c) After the trial lift, and just prior to hoisting personnel, you must hoist the platform a few inches and inspect it to ensure that it is secure and properly balanced. You must not hoist employees unless the following conditions are determined to exist:

(i) Hoist ropes must be free of kinks;

(ii) Multiple part lines must not be twisted around each other;

(iii) The primary attachment must be centered over the platform; and

(iv) The hoisting system must be inspected if the load rope is slack to ensure all ropes are properly stated on drums and in sheaves.

(d) A competent person must conduct a visual inspection of the crane or derrick, rigging, personnel platform, and the crane or derrick base support or ground immediately after the trial lift to determine whether the testing has exposed any defect or produced any adverse effect upon any component or structure.

(e) You must correct any defects found during inspections which create a safety hazard before hoisting personnel.

(f) At each job site, prior to hoisting employees on the personnel platform, and after any repair or modification, you must prooftest the platform and rigging to 125% of the platform's rated capacity by holding it in a suspended position for 5 minutes with the test load evenly distributed on the platform (this may be done concurrently with the trial lift). After prooftesting, a competent person must inspect the platform and rigging. You must correct any deficiencies found and conduct another prooftest. You must not conduct personnel hoisting until the prooftesting requirements are satisfied.

(g) The employer must retain at the job site and produce when requested, documentation such as lift capacity information, verifying that the requirements of this standard have been met.

(10) Work practices.

(a) Employees must keep all parts of the body inside the platform during raising, lowering, and positioning. This provision does not apply to an occupant of the platform performing the duties of a signal person.

(b) Before employees exit or enter a hoisted personnel platform that is not landed, you must secure the platform to the structure where the work is to be performed, unless securing to the structure creates an unsafe situation.

(c) You must use tag lines unless their use creates an unsafe condition.

(d) The crane or derrick operator must remain at the controls at all times when the crane engine is running and the platform is occupied.

(e) You must promptly discontinue hoisting of employees upon indication of any dangerous weather conditions or other impending danger.

(f) Employees being hoisted must remain in continuous sight of and in direct communication with the operator or signal person. In those situations where direct visual contact with the operator is not possible, and the use of a signal person would create a greater hazard for that person, direct communication alone such as by radio may be used.

(g) Hand signals to the operator must be in accordance with those prescribed by the applicable ANSI standard for the type of crane or lift in use unless voice communication equipment is utilized. Signals must be discernable or audible at all times.

(h) Except over water, employees occupying the personnel platform must use a body belt/harness system with lanyard appropriately attached to the lower load block or overhaul ball, or to a structural member within the personnel platform capable of supporting a fall impact for employees using the anchorage.

(i) Lifts must not be made on another of the crane's or derrick's load lines while personnel are suspended on a platform.

(11) Traveling.

(a) Hoisting of employees while the crane is traveling is prohibited except for portal, tower and locomotive cranes, or where the employer demonstrates that there is no less hazardous way to perform the work.

(b) Under any circumstances where a crane would travel while hoisting personnel, the employer must implement the following procedures to safeguard employees:

(i) Crane travel must be restricted to a fixed track or runway;

(ii) Travel must be limited to the load radius of the boom used during the lift; and

(iii) The boom must be parallel to the direction of travel.

(c) You must perform a complete trial run to test the route of travel before employees are allowed to occupy the platform. This trial run can be performed at the same time as the trial lift required by subsection (9)(a) of this section which tests the route of the lift.

(d) If travel is done with a rubber tired-carrier, you must check the condition and air pressure of the tires. You must use the chart capacity for lifts on rubber for application of the 50% reduction of rated capacity. Notwithstanding subsection (4)(i) of this section, outriggers may be partially retracted as necessary for travel.

(12) Prelift meeting.

(a) You must hold a meeting attended by the crane or derrick operator, signal person(s) (if necessary for the lift), employee(s) to be lifted, and the person responsible for the task to be performed to review the appropriate requirements of this section and the procedures to be followed.

(b) You must hold this meeting prior to the trial lift at each new location, and repeat it for any employees newly assigned to the operation.

(1) You must ensure that chain and electric hoists are of what is known as "all steel construction." No cast iron may be used in parts subject to tension except drums, bearings or brake shoes.

(2) You must ensure that the chains are made of the best quality steel or iron with welded links.

(3) You must ensure that chain and electric hoists have a factor of safety of at least 5.

(4) You must ensure that chain and electric hoists are equipped with an approved device which will automatically lock the load when hoisting is stopped.

(5) You must ensure that electric hoists are provided with an approved limit stop to prevent the hoist block from traveling too far in case the operating handle is not released in time.

(1) You must prevent piston rod lock nuts from becoming loose and allowing rod to drop when supporting a load. A lock nut must be secured to piston rod by a castellated nut and cotter-pin.

(2) You must use a clevis or other means to prevent hoists cylinder becoming detached from hanger.

Accessory. A secondary part or assembly of parts which contributes to the overall function and usefulness of a machine.

Angle indicator (boom). An accessory which measures the angle of the boom to the horizontal.

ANSI. The American National Standards Institute.

Appointed. Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

Axis of rotation. The vertical axis around which the crane superstructure rotates.

Axle. The shaft or spindle with which or about which a wheel rotates. On truck- and wheel-mounted cranes it refers to an automotive type of axle assembly including housings, gearing, differential, bearings, and mounting appurtenances.

Axle (bogie). Two or more automotive-type axles mounted in tandem in a frame so as to divide the load between the axles and permit vertical oscillation of the wheels.

Base (mounting). The traveling base or carrier on which the rotating superstructure is mounted such as a car, truck, crawlers, or wheel platform.

Boom (crane). A member hinged to the front of the rotating superstructure with the outer end supported by ropes leading to a gantry or "A" frame and used for supporting the hoisting tackle.

Boom angle. The angle between the longitudinal centerline of the boom and the horizontal. The boom longitudinal centerline is a straight line between the boom foot pin (heel pin) centerline and boom point sheave pin centerline.

Boom hoist. A hoist drum and rope reeving system used to raise and lower the boom. The rope system may be all live reeving or a combination of live reeving and pendants.

Boom stop. A device used to limit the angle of the boom at the highest position.

Brake. A device used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.

Cab. Housing which covers the rotating superstructure machinery and/or operator's station. On truck crane trucks a separate cab covers the driver's station.

Clutch. A friction, electromagnetic, hydraulic, pneumatic, or positive mechanical device for engagement or disengagement of power.

Counterweight. A weight used to supplement the weight of the machine in providing stability for lifting working loads.

Crawler crane. A rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery, and boom, mounted on a base, equipped with crawler treads for travel. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii.

Designated. Selected or assigned by the employer or the employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

Drum. The cylindrical members around which ropes are wound for raising and lowering the load or boom.

Dynamic (loading). Loads introduced into the machine or its components by forces in motion.

Gantry (A-frame). A structural frame, extending above the superstructure, to which the boom supports ropes are reeved.

Jib. An extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. The jib may be in line with the boom or offset to various angles.

Load (working). The external load, in pounds, applied to the crane, including the weight of load-attaching equipment such as load blocks, shackles, and slings.

Load block (lower). The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting ropes.

Load block (upper). The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom point.

Load hoist. A hoist drum and rope reeving system used for hoisting and lowering loads.

Load ratings. Crane ratings in pounds established by the manufacturer in accordance with WAC 296-24-24005.

Locomotive crane. A rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base or car equipped for travel on railroad track. It may be self-propelled or propelled by an outside source. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii.

Outriggers. Extendable or fixed metal arms, attached to the mounting base, which rest on supports at the outer ends.

Rail clamp. A tong-like metal device, mounted on a locomotive crane car, which can be connected to the track.

Reeving. A rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves.

Rope. Refers to a wire rope unless otherwise specified.

Side loading. A load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom.

Standby crane. A crane which is not in regular service but which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

Standing (guy) rope. A supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope.

Structural competence. The ability of the machine and its components to withstand the stresses imposed by applied loads.

Superstructure. The rotating upper frame structure of the machine and the operating machinery mounted thereon.

Swing. The rotation of the superstructure for movement of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation.

Swing mechanism. The machinery involved in providing rotation of the superstructure.

Tackle. An assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged for hoisting and pulling.

Transit. The moving or transporting of a crane from one job site to another.

Travel. The functions of the machine moving from one location to another, on a job site.

Travel mechanism. The machinery involved in providing travel.

Truck crane. A rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on an automotive truck equipped with a power plant for travel. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii.

Wheel mounted crane (wagon crane). A rotating superstructure with power plant, operating machinery and boom, mounted on a base or platform equipped with axles and rubber-tired wheels for travel. The base is usually propelled by the engine in the superstructure, but it may be equipped with a separate engine controlled from the superstructure. Its function is to hoist and swing loads at various radii.

Wheelbase. The distance between centers of front and rear axles. For a multiple axle assembly the axle center for wheelbase measurement is taken as the midpoint of the assembly.

Whipline (auxiliary hoist). A separate hoist rope system of lighter load capacity and higher speed than provided by the main hoist.

Winch head. A power driven spool for handling of loads by means of friction between fiber or wire rope and spool.

(1) Application. This section applies to crawler cranes, locomotive cranes, wheel mounted cranes of both truck and self-propelled wheel type, and any variations thereof which retain the same fundamental characteristics. This section includes only cranes of the above types, which are basically powered by internal combustion engines or electric motors and which utilize drums and ropes. Cranes designed for railway and automobile wreck clearances are excepted. The requirements of these standards are applicable only to machines when used as lifting cranes.

(2) New and existing equipment. All new crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes constructed and utilized on or after the effective date of these standards, must meet the design specifications of the American National Standard Safety Code for Crawler, Locomotive, and Truck Cranes, ANSI B 30.5-1968. Crawler, locomotive, and truck cranes constructed prior to the effective date of these standards should be modified to conform to those design specifications by December 31, 1973, unless it can be shown that the crane cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the crane substantially complies with the requirements of this section. Replacement parts must be of equal or better quality than the original equipment and suitable for the purpose. Repairs or modifications must be such as to render the equipment equal to or better than the original construction or design.

(3) Designated personnel. You must ensure that only designated personnel are permitted to operate a crane covered by this section.

(1) Load ratings—Where stability governs lifting performance.

(a) The margin of stability for determination of load ratings, with booms of stipulated lengths at stipulated working radii for the various types of crane mountings is established by taking a percentage of the loads which will produce a condition of tipping or balance with the boom in the least stable direction, relative to the mounting. The load ratings must not exceed the following percentages for cranes, with the indicated types of mounting under conditions stipulated in (1)(b) and (c) of this section.

(b) The following stipulation must govern the application of the values in (1)(a) of this section for locomotive cranes:

(i) Tipping with or without the use of outriggers occurs when half of the wheels farthest from the load leave the rail.

(ii) The crane must be standing on track which is level within 1% grade.

(iii) Radius of the load is the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the rail support surface, before loading, to the center of vertical hoist line or tackle with load applied.

(iv) Tipping loads from which ratings are determined must be applied under static conditions only, i.e., without dynamic effect of hoisting, lowering, or swinging.

(v) The weight of all auxiliary handling devices such as hoist blocks, hooks, and slings must be considered a part of the load rating.

(c) Stipulations governing the application of the values in (1)(a) of this section for crawler, truck, and wheel-mounted cranes must be in accordance with Crane Load-Stability Test Code. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J765.

(2) Rated capacity chart. You must post a chart indicating the manufacturer's rated capacity at all operating radii for all permissible boom lengths and jib lengths with alternate ratings for optional equipment affecting such ratings in all mobile type cranes. Rated capacity charts must be readily visible to the operator in the normal operating position.

(3) Inspection classification. Initial inspection. You must inspect all new and altered cranes prior to initial use to ensure compliance with provisions of these standards.

(4) You must ensure that all hooks are of the safety latch-type or the hook must be moused.

(1) Regular inspection. Inspection procedure for cranes in regular service is divided into two general classifications based upon the intervals at which inspection should be performed. The intervals in turn are dependent upon the nature of the critical components of the crane and the degree of their exposure to wear, deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifications are herein designated as "frequent" and "periodic" with respective intervals between inspections as defined below:

(a) Frequent inspection: Daily to monthly intervals.

(b) Periodic inspection: One- to 12-month intervals, or as specifically recommended by the manufacturer.

(2) Frequent inspection. You must inspect items such as the following for defects at intervals as defined in subsection (1)(a) of this section or as specifically indicated including observation during operation for any defects which might appear between regular inspection. Any deficiencies such as listed must be carefully examined and determination made as to whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) All control mechanisms for maladjustment interfering with proper operation: Daily.

(b) All control mechanisms for excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants or other foreign matter.

(c) All safety devices for malfunction.

(d) Deterioration or leakage in air or hydraulic systems: Daily.

(e) Crane hooks with deformations or cracks. For hooks with cracks or having more than 15% in excess of normal throat opening or more than 10° twist from the plane of the unbent hook.

(f) Rope reeving for noncompliance with manufacturer's recommendations.

(g) Electrical apparatus for malfunctioning, signs of excessive deterioration, dirt, and moisture accumulation.

(3) Periodic inspection. You must perform complete inspections of the crane at intervals as generally defined in subsection (1)(b) of this section depending upon its activity, severity of service, and environment, or as specifically indicated below. These inspections must include the requirements of subsection (2) of this section and in addition, items such as the following. You must carefully examine any deficiencies such as listed and determine whether they constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Deformed, cracked, or corroded members, in the crane structure and boom.

(b) Loose bolts or rivets.

(c) Cracked or worn sheaves and drums.

(d) Worn, cracked, or distorted parts such as pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers and locking devices.

(e) Excessive wear on brake and clutch system parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets.

(f) Load, boom angle, and other indicators over their full range, for any significant inaccuracies.

(g) Gasoline, diesel, electric, or other power plants for improper performance or noncompliance with safety requirements.

(h) Excessive wear of chain-drive sprockets and excessive chain stretch.

(i) Travel steering, braking, and locking devices, for malfunction.

(j) Excessively worn or damaged tires.

(4) Cranes not in regular use.

(a) A crane which has been idle for a period of one month or more, but less than 6 months, must be given an inspection conforming with requirements of subsection (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b) before placing in service.

(b) A crane which has been idle for a period of 6 months must be given a complete inspection conforming with requirements of subsection (2) and (3) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b) before placing in service.

(c) You must inspect standby cranes at least semi-annually in accordance with requirements of subsection (2) of this section and WAC 296-24-24013 (2)(b). Such cranes which are exposed to adverse environment should be inspected more frequently.

(5) Inspection records. You must make written, dated, and signed inspection reports and records monthly on critical items in use such as brakes, crane hooks, and ropes. You must keep records readily available.

(1) Operational tests.

(a) In addition to prototype tests and quality-control measures, the user of each new production crane must require that it be tested and related data supplied by the manufacturer to the extent necessary to assure compliance with the operational requirements of this subsection including functions such as the following:

(i) Load hoisting and lowering mechanisms

(ii) Boom hoisting and lower mechanisms

(iii) Swinging mechanism

(iv) Travel mechanism

(v) Safety devices

(b) You must conduct such tests at final assembly where the complete production crane is not supplied by one manufacturer.

(c) You must make certified production-crane test results available.

(2) Rated load test.

(a) You must make written reports available showing test procedures and confirming the adequacy of repairs or alterations.

(b) Test loads must not exceed 110% of the rated load at any selected working radius.

(c) Where rerating is necessary:

(i) You must test crawler, truck, and wheel-mounted cranes in accordance with SAE Recommended Practice, Crane Load Stability Test Code J765 (April 1961).

(ii) You must locate test crawler cranes in accordance with WAC 296-24-24005 (1)(a) and (b).

(iii) You must make rerating test report readily available.

(d) You must not rerate cranes in excess of the original load ratings unless such rating changes are approved by the crane manufacturer or final assembler.

(1) You must correct any unsafe conditions disclosed by the inspection requirements of this section before operation of the crane is resumed. Adjustments and repairs must be done only by designated personnel.

(2) You must not operate the crane until all guards have been reinstalled, safety devices reactivated, and maintenance equipment removed after adjustments and repairs have been made.

(1) Running ropes. You must perform a thorough inspection of all ropes in use at least once a month and keep a full written, dated, and signed report of rope condition on file where readily available. All inspections must be performed by an appointed or authorized person. You must carefully note any deterioration, resulting in appreciable loss of original strength, such as described below, and make a determination as to whether further use of the rope would constitute a safety hazard:

(a) Reduction of rope diameter below nominal diameter due to loss of core support, internal, or external corrosion or wear of outside wires.

(b) A number of broken outside wires and the degree of distribution of concentration of such broken wires.

(c) Worn outside wires.

(d) Corroded or broken wires at end connections.

(e) Corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or improperly applied end connections.

(f) Severe kinking, crushing, cutting, or unstranding.

(2) Other ropes.

(a) Heavy wear and/or broken wires may occur in sections in contact with equalizer sheaves or other sheaves where rope travel is limited, or with saddles. You must take particular care to inspect ropes at these locations.

(b) You must give a thorough inspection of all rope which has been idle for a period of a month or more due to shut down or storage of a crane on which it is installed before it is placed in service. This inspection must be for all types of deterioration and must be performed by an appointed or authorized person whose approval is required for further use of the rope. You must make a written and dated report of the rope condition available.

(c) You must take particular care in the inspection of nonrotating rope.

(1) Size of load.

(a) You must not load any crane beyond the rated load, except for test purposes as provided in WAC 296-24-24009.

(b) When loads which are limited by structural competence rather than by stability are to be handled, you must ascertain that the weight of the load has been determined within plus or minus 10% before it is lifted.

(2) Attaching the load.

(a) You must ensure that the hoist rope is not wrapped around the load.

(b) You must ensure that the load is attached to the hook by means of slings or other approved devices.

(3) Moving the load.

(a) The employer must ensure that:

(i) The crane is level and where necessary blocked properly.

(ii) The load is well secured and properly balanced in the sling or lifting device before it is lifted more than a few inches.

(b) Before starting to hoist, you must note the following conditions:

(i) Hoist rope must not be kinked.

(ii) Multiple part lines must not be twisted around each other.

(iii) The hook must be brought over the load in such a manner as to prevent swinging.

(iv) If there is a slack rope condition, it should be determined that the rope is properly seated on the drum and in the sheaves.

(c) During hoisting you must take care that:

(i) There is no sudden acceleration or deceleration of the moving load.

(ii) The load does not contact any obstructions.

(d) You must ensure that side loading of booms is limited to freely suspended loads. You must not use cranes for dragging loads sideways.

(e) You must not do any hoisting, lowering, swinging, or traveling while anyone is on the load or hook.

(f) The operator should avoid carrying loads over people.

(g) On truck mounted cranes, you must not lift any loads over the front area except as approved by the crane manufacturer.

(h) The operator must test the brakes each time a load approaching the rated load is handled by raising it a few inches and applying the brakes.

(i) You must use outriggers when the load to be handled at that particular radius exceeds the rated load without outriggers as given by the manufacturer for that crane. Where floats are used they must be securely attached to the outriggers. Wood blocks used to support outriggers must:

(i) Be strong enough to prevent crushing.

(ii) Be free from defects.

(iii) Be of sufficient width and length to prevent shifting or toppling under load.

(j) You must not lower either the load or the boom below the point where less than two full wraps of rope remain on their respective drums.

(k) Before lifting loads with locomotive cranes without using outriggers, you must apply means to prevent the load from being carried by the truck springs.

(l) When two or more cranes are used to lift one load, one designated person must be responsible for the operation. The designated person must be required to analyze the operation and instruct all personnel involved in the proper positioning, rigging of the load, and the movements to be made.

(m) In transit you must exercise the following additional precautions.

(i) The boom must be carried in line with the direction of motion.

(ii) The superstructure must be secured against rotation, except when negotiating turns when there is an operator in the cab or the boom is supported on a dolly.

(iii) The empty hook must be lashed or otherwise restrained so that it cannot swing freely.

(n) Before traveling a crane with load, a designated person must be responsible for determining and controlling safety. Decisions such as position of load, boom location, ground support, travel route, and speed of movement must be in accord with their determinations.

(o) You must not travel a crane with or without load with the boom so high that it may bounce back over the cab.

(p) When rotating the crane, you must avoid sudden starts and stops. You must ensure that rotational speed is such that the load does not swing out beyond the radii at which it can be controlled. You must use a tag or restraint line when rotation of the load is hazardous.

(q) When a crane is to be operated at a fixed radius, you must engage the boom-hoist pawl or other positive locking device.

(r) You must ensure that ropes are not be handled on a winch head without the knowledge of the operator.

(s) While a winch head is being used, the operator must be within convenient reach of the power unit control lever.

(4) Holding the load.

(a) The operator must not be permitted to leave the control position while the load is suspended.

(b) No person should be permitted to stand or pass under a load on the hook.

(c) If the load must remain suspended for any considerable length of time, the operator must hold the drum from rotating in the lowering direction by activating the positive controllable means of the operator's station.

(1) Rail clamps. You must ensure that rail clamps are not used as a means of restraining tipping of a locomotive crane.

(2) Ballast or counterweight. You must ensure that cranes are not operated without the full amount of any ballast or counterweight in place as specified by the maker, but truck cranes that have dropped the ballast or counterweight may be operated temporarily with special care and only for light loads without full ballast or counterweight in place. The ballast or counterweight in place specified by the manufacturer must not be exceeded.

(3) Cabs.

(a) You must store necessary clothing and personal belongings in such a manner as to not interfere with access or operation.

(b) You must store tools, oil cans, waste, extra fuses, and other necessary articles in the tool box, and they must not be permitted to lie loose in or about the cab.

(4) Refueling.

(a) You must ensure that refueling with small portable containers is done with an approved safety type can equipped with an automatic closing cap and flame arrester. Refer to WAC 296-24-58501 for definition of approved.

(b) You must not refuel machines with the engine running.

(5) Fire extinguishers.

(a) You must keep a carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or equivalent fire extinguisher in the cab or vicinity of the crane.

(b) You must familiarize operating and maintenance personnel with the use and care of the fire extinguishers provided.

(6) Swinging locomotive cranes. You must ensure that a locomotive crane is not swung into a position where railway cars on an adjacent track might strike it, until it has been ascertained that cars are not being moved on the adjacent track and proper flag protection has been established.

(1) For operations near overhead electric lines see chapter 296-24 WAC Part L.

(2) Boom guards. Cage-type boom guards, insulating links, or proximity warning devices may be used on cranes, but the use of such devices must not operate to alter the requirements of (1) of this section.

(3) Notification. Before the commencement of operations near electrical lines, you must notify the owners of the lines or their authorized representative and provide them with all pertinent information. You must request the cooperation of the owner.

(4) Overhead wires. You must consider any overhead wire to be an energized line unless and until the person owning such line or the electrical utility authorities indicate that it is not an energized line.

ANSI. The American National Standards Institute.

Appointed. Assigned specific responsibilities by the employer or the employer's representative.

Basket derrick. A derrick without a boom, similar to a gin pole with its base supported by ropes attached to corner posts or other parts of the structure. The base is at a lower elevation than its supports. The location of the base of a basket derrick can be changed by varying the length of the rope supports. The top of the pole is secured with multiple reeved guys to position the top of the pole to the desired location by varying the length of the upper guy lines. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top of the pole.

Boom. A timber or metal section or strut, pivoted or hinged at the heel (lower end) at a location fixed in height on a frame or mast or vertical member, and with its point (upper end) supported by chains, ropes, or rods to the upper end of the frame mast, or vertical member. A rope for raising and lowering the load is reeved through sheaves or a block at the boom point. The length of the boom must be taken as the straight line distance between the axis of the foot pin and the axis of the boom point sheave pin, or where used, the axis of the upper load block attachment pin.

Boom harness. The block and sheave arrangement on the boom point to which the topping lift cable is reeved for lowering and raising the boom.

Boom point. Is outward end of the top section of the boom.

Breast derrick. A derrick without boom. The mast consists of two side members spread farther apart at the base than at the top and tied together at top and bottom by rigid members. The mast is prevented from tipping forward by guys connected to its top. The load is raised and lowered by ropes through a sheave or block secured to the top crosspiece.

Chicago boom derrick. A boom which is attached to a structure, and outside upright member of the structure serving as the mast, and the boom being stepped in a fixed socket clamped to the upright. The derrick is complete with load, boom, and boom point swing line falls.

Derrick. An apparatus consisting of a mast or equivalent member held at the head by guys or braces, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting mechanism and operating ropes.

Derrick bullwheel. A horizontal ring or wheel, fastened to the foot of a derrick, for the purpose of turning the derrick by means of ropes leading from this wheel to a powered drum.

Designated. Selected or assigned by the employer or employer's representative as being qualified to perform specific duties.

Eye. A loop formed at the end of a rope by securing the dead end to the live end at the base of the loop.

Fiddle block. A block consisting of two sheaves in the same plane held in place by the same cheek plates.

Foot bearing or foot block (sill block). The lower support on which the mast rotates.

Gin pole derrick. A derrick without a boom. Its guys are so arranged from its top as to permit leaning the mast in any direction. The load is raised and lowered by ropes reeved through sheaves or blocks at the top of the mast.

Gudgeon pin. A pin connecting the mast cap to the mast allowing rotation of the mast.

Guy. A rope used to steady or secure the mast or other member in the desired position.

Guy derrick. A fixed derrick consisting of a mast capable of being rotated, supported in a vertical position by guys, and a boom whose bottom end is hinged or pivoted to move in a vertical plane with a reeved rope between the head of the mast and the boom point for raising and lowering the boom, and a reeved rope from the boom point for raising and lowering the load.

Load block, lower. The assembly of sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting rope.

Load block, upper. The assembly of sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom.

Load, working. The external load, in pounds, applied to the derrick, including the weight of load attaching equipment such as load blocks, shackles, and slings.

Mast. The upright member of the derrick.

Mast cap (spider). The fitting at the top of the mast to which the guys are connected.

Reeving. A rope system in which the rope travels around drums and sheaves.

Rope. Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.

Safety hook. A hook with a latch to prevent slings or load from accidentally slipping off the hook.

Shearleg derrick. A derrick without a boom and similar to a breast derrick. The mast, wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, is hinged at the bottom and has its top secured by a multiple reeved guy to permit handling loads at various radii by means of load tackle suspended from the mast top.

Side loading. A load applied at an angle to the vertical plane of the boom.

Sill. A member connecting the foot block and stiffleg or a member connecting the lower ends of a double member mast.

Standby derrick. A derrick not in regular service which is used occasionally or intermittently as required.

Stiff leg. A rigid member supporting the mast at the head.

Stiffleg derrick. A derrick similar to a guy derrick except that the mast is supported or held in place by two or more stiff members, called stifflegs, which are capable of resisting either tensile or compressive forces. Sills are generally provided to connect the lower ends of the stifflegs to the foot of the mast.

Swing. Rotation of the mast and/or boom for movements of loads in a horizontal direction about the axis of rotation.

(1) Application. This section applies to guy, stiffleg, basket, breast, gin pole, Chicago boom and A-frame derricks of the stationary type, capable of handling loads at variable reaches and powered by hoists through systems of rope reeving, used to perform lifting hook work, single or multiple line bucket work, grab, grapple, and magnet work. Derricks may be permanently installed for temporary use as in construction work. The requirements of this section also apply to any modification of these types which retain their fundamental features, except for floating derricks.

(2) New and existing equipment. You must ensure that all new derricks constructed and installed on or after the effective date of these standards meet the design specifications of the "American National Standards Institute, Safety Code for Derricks, ANSI B30.6-1969." Derricks constructed prior to the effective date of these standards should be modified to conform to these design specifications by December 31, 1973 unless it can be shown that the derrick cannot feasibly or economically be altered and that the derrick substantially complies with the requirements of this section.

(a) You must mark operating controls or post an explanation of the controls in full view of the operator.

(b) You must ensure that the radius or boom angle indicator has been installed on all cranes or derricks having a movable working boom. This must be located where the operator can readily read it from the normal operating position.

(c) Top of boom painted. You must ensure that the top six feet of the boom or jib are painted bright yellow.

(3) Designated personnel. You must ensure that only designated personnel are permitted to operate a derrick covered by this section.