These rules are adopted under the authority of chapter 19.27 RCW.

The purpose of these rules is to implement the provisions of chapter 19.27 RCW, which provides that the state building code council shall maintain the State Building Code in a status which is consistent with the purpose as set forth in RCW 19.27.020. In maintaining the codes the council shall regularly review updated versions of the codes adopted under the act, and other pertinent information, and shall amend the codes as deemed appropriate by the council.

The 2018 edition of the International Mechanical Code published by the International Code Conference is hereby adopted by reference with the exceptions noted in this chapter of the Washington Administrative Code (WAC).

The 2021 edition of the International Mechanical Code published by the International Code Conference is hereby adopted by reference with the exceptions noted in this chapter of the Washington Administrative Code (WAC).

In the case of conflict between the duct sealing or insulation requirements of Section 603 or Section 604 of this code and the duct sealing or insulation requirements of chapter 51-11C WAC, the Washington State Energy Code, or where applicable, a local jurisdiction's energy code, the provisions of such energy codes shall govern.

The exceptions and amendments to the International Mechanical Code contained in the provisions of chapter 19.27 RCW shall apply in case of conflict with any of the provisions of these rules.

The provisions of this code do not apply to temporary growing structures used solely for the commercial production of horticultural plants including ornamental plants, flowers, vegetables, and fruits. "Temporary growing structure" means a structure that has the sides and roof covered with polyethylene, polyvinyl, or similar flexible synthetic material and is used to provide plants with either frost protection or increased heat retention. A temporary growing structure is not considered a building for purposes of this code.

Codes referenced which are not adopted through RCW 19.27.031 or chapter 19.27A RCW shall not apply unless specifically adopted by the authority having jurisdiction.

The International Mechanical Code adopted by chapter 51-52 WAC shall become effective in all counties and cities of this state on February 1, 2021.

The International Mechanical Code adopted by chapter 51-52 WAC shall become effective in all counties and cities of this state on July 1, 2023.

101.2 Scope. This code shall regulate the design, installation, maintenance, alteration and inspection of mechanical systems that are permanently installed and utilized to provide control of environmental conditions and related processes within buildings. This code shall also regulate those mechanical systems, system components, equipment and appliances specifically addressed herein. The installation of fuel gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel gas-fired appliances and fuel gas-fired appliance venting systems shall be regulated by the International Fuel Gas Code. References in this code to Group R shall include Group I-1, Condition 2 assisted living facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 388-78A WAC and Group I-1, Condition 2 residential treatment facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 246-337 WAC.

101.2 Scope. This code shall regulate the design, installation, maintenance, alteration and inspection of mechanical systems that are permanently installed and utilized to provide control of environmental conditions and related processes within buildings. This code shall also regulate those mechanical systems, system components, equipment and appliances specifically addressed herein. The installation of fuel gas distribution piping and equipment, fuel gas-fired appliances and fuel gas-fired appliance venting systems shall be regulated by the International Fuel Gas Code. References in this code to Group R shall include Group I-1, Condition 2 assisted living facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 388-78A WAC and Group I-1, Condition 2 residential treatment facilities licensed by Washington state under chapter 246-337 WAC.

113.4 Failure to comply. Any person who shall continue any work after having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be subject to fines established by the code official.

BALANCED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. Any combination of concurrently operating residential unit mechanical exhaust and mechanical supply whereby the total mechanical exhaust airflow rate is within 10 percent or 5 cfm, whichever is greater, of the total mechanical supply airflow rate. Intermittent dryer exhaust, intermittent range hood exhaust, and intermittent toilet room exhaust airflow rates above the residential dwelling or sleeping unit minimum ventilation rate are exempt from the balanced airflow calculation.

DISTRIBUTED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. A whole house ventilation system shall be considered distributed when it supplies outdoor air directly (not transfer air) to each dwelling or sleeping unit habitable space, (living room, den, office, interior adjoining spaces or bedroom), and exhausts air from all kitchens and bathrooms directly outside.

LOCAL EXHAUST. An exhaust system that uses one or more fans to exhaust air from a specific room or rooms within a residential dwelling or sleeping unit.

PERMANENT CONSTRUCTION. Construction that, if removed, would disturb the structural integrity of the building or the fire-resistance rating of a building assembly.

RELIEF AIR. Exhausted return air from a system that provides ventilation for human usage.

REPLACEMENT AIR. Outdoor air that is used to replace air removed from a building through an exhaust system. Replacement air may be derived from one or more of the following: Makeup air, supply air, transfer air, and infiltration. However, the ultimate source of all replacement air is outdoor air. When replacement air exceeds exhaust, the result is exfiltration.

WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEM. A mechanical ventilation system, including fans, controls, and ducts, which replaces, by direct means, air from the habitable rooms with outdoor air.

VENTILATION ZONE. Any indoor area that requires ventilation and comprises one or more spaces with the same occupancy category (see Table 403.3.1.1), occupant density, zone air distribution effectiveness (see Section 403.3.1.1.1.2), and design zone primary airflow per unit area.

BALANCED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. Any combination of concurrently operating residential dwelling or sleeping unit mechanical exhaust and mechanical supply whereby the total mechanical exhaust airflow rate is within 10 percent or 5 cfm, whichever is greater, of the total mechanical supply airflow rate.

NOT BALANCED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. A whole house ventilation system serving a dwelling or sleeping unit that is not considered balanced in accordance with the definition in this code for balanced whole house ventilation system. Only other than Group R-2 dwelling and sleeping units are allowed in accordance with Section 403.4.4.1 to have not balanced whole house ventilation systems.

DISTRIBUTED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. A whole house ventilation system shall be considered distributed when it supplies outdoor air directly (not transfer air) to each dwelling or sleeping unit habitable space, (living room, den, office, interior adjacent room, interior adjoining spaces or bedroom), and exhausts air from all kitchens and bathrooms directly outside.

NOT DISTRIBUTED WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION. A whole house ventilation system shall be considered not distributed when either the supply system or the exhaust system is not distributed. Supply systems are not distributed when a habitable space is supplied with outdoor air to ventilate an interior adjacent room or an interior adjoining space. Exhaust systems are not distributed when all bathrooms and kitchens are not exhausted by the whole house ventilation system. If either the supply system or the exhaust system is not distributed, then the ventilation quality adjustment system coefficient adjustment is required in accordance with Section C403.4.3.

ENCLOSED KITCHEN. A kitchen whose permanent openings to interior adjacent spaces do not exceed a total of 60 square feet (6 m2).

INTERIOR ADJACENT ROOM. An enclosed room without exterior windows or openings to the outdoors located within a dwelling or sleeping unit that does not have interior unobstructed openings required for an interior adjoining space.

INTERIOR ADJOINING SPACE. A room or space without openings to the outdoors that is naturally ventilated from another habitable space by unobstructed fixed openings size in accordance with Section 402.3.

LOCAL EXHAUST. An exhaust system that uses one or more fans to exhaust air from a specific room or rooms within a residential dwelling or sleeping unit.

PERMANENT CONSTRUCTION. Construction that, if removed, would disturb the structural integrity of the building or the fire-resistance rating of a building assembly.

RELIEF AIR. Exhausted return air from a system that provides ventilation for human usage.

REPLACEMENT AIR. Outdoor air that is used to replace air removed from a building through an exhaust system. Replacement air may be derived from one or more of the following: Makeup air, supply air, transfer air, and infiltration. However, the ultimate source of all replacement air is outdoor air. When replacement air exceeds exhaust, the result is exfiltration.

WHOLE HOUSE VENTILATION SYSTEM. A mechanical ventilation system, including fans, controls, and ducts, which replaces, by direct means, air from the habitable rooms with outdoor air.

VENTILATION ZONE. Any indoor area that requires ventilation and comprises one or more spaces with the same occupancy category (see Table 403.3.1.1), occupant density, zone air distribution effectiveness (see Section 403.3.1.1.1.2), and design zone primary airflow per unit area.

306.5 Equipment and appliances on roofs or elevated structures. Where equipment requiring access or appliances are located on an elevated structure or the roof of a building such that personnel will have to climb higher than 16 feet (4877 mm) above grade to access such equipment or appliances, an interior or exterior means of access shall be provided. Such access shall not require climbing over obstructions greater than 30 inches (762 mm) in height or walking on roofs having a slope greater than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33 percent slope). Such access shall not require the use of portable ladders. Where access involves climbing over parapet walls, the height shall be measured to the top of the parapet wall.

Permanent ladders installed to provide the required access shall comply with the following minimum design criteria:

1. The side railing shall extend above the parapet or roof edge not less than 42 inches (106,7 mm).

2. Ladders shall have rung spacing not to exceed 12 inches (305 mm) on center. The uppermost rung shall be a maximum of 24 inches below the upper edge of the roof hatch, roof or parapet, as applicable.

3. Ladders shall have a toe spacing not less than 7 inches (178 mm) deep.

4. There shall be a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) between rails.

5. Rungs shall have a minimum 0.75-inch (19 mm) diameter and be capable of withstanding a 300-pound (136.1 kg) load.

6. Ladders over 30 feet (9144 mm) in height shall be provided with offset sections and landings capable of withstanding 100 pounds (488.2 kg/m2) per square foot. Landing dimensions shall be not less than 18 inches and not less than the width of the ladder served. A guardrail shall be provided on all open sides of the landing.

7. Climbing clearances. The distance from the centerline of the rungs to the nearest permanent object on the climbing side of the ladder shall be a minimum of 30 inches measured perpendicular to the rungs. This distance shall be maintained from the point of ladder access to the bottom of the roof hatch. A minimum clear width of 15 inches shall be provided on both sides of the ladder measured from the midpoint of and parallel with the rungs except where cages or wells are installed.

8. Landing required. The ladder shall be provided with a clear and unobstructed bottom landing area having a minimum dimension of 30 inches by 30 inches centered in front of the ladder.

9. Ladders shall be protected against corrosion by approved means.

10. Access to ladders shall be provided at all times.

Catwalks installed to provide the required access shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide and shall have railings as required for service platforms.

306.6 Appliances above ceilings. Appliances that are located above the ceiling shall have ready access for inspection, service and repair without removing permanent construction. Appliances shall be provided with access to panel or removable ceiling tile with minimum nominal dimensions of 24 inches by 24 inches (609 mm x 609 mm).

The appliance is not required to be removable or replaceable through the access panel or removable ceiling tile. The appliance may be removed or replaced by removing the ceiling or wall assemblies adjacent to the appliance as long as they are not permanent construction.

306.5 Equipment and appliances on roofs or elevated structures. Where equipment requiring access or appliances are located on an elevated structure or the roof of a building such that personnel will have to climb higher than 16 feet (4877 mm) above grade to access such equipment or appliances, an interior or exterior means of access shall be provided. Such access shall not require climbing over obstructions greater than 30 inches (762 mm) in height or walking on roofs having a slope greater than 4 units vertical in 12 units horizontal (33 percent slope). Such access shall not require the use of portable ladders. Where access involves climbing over parapet walls, the height shall be measured to the top of the parapet wall.

Permanent ladders installed to provide the required access shall comply with the following minimum design criteria:

1. The side railing shall extend above the parapet or roof edge not less than 42 inches (1067 mm).

2. Ladders shall have rung spacing not to exceed 12 inches (305 mm) on center. The uppermost rung shall be a maximum of 24 inches below the upper edge of the roof hatch, roof or parapet, as applicable.

3. Ladders shall have a toe spacing not less than 7 inches (178 mm) deep.

4. There shall be a minimum of 18 inches (457 mm) between rails.

5. Rungs shall have a minimum 0.75-inch (19 mm) diameter and be capable of withstanding a 300-pound (136.1 kg) load.

6. Ladders over 30 feet (9144 mm) in height shall be provided with offset sections and landings capable of withstanding 100 pounds (488.2 kg/m2) per square foot. Landing dimensions shall be not less than 18 inches and not less than the width of the ladder served. A guardrail shall be provided on all open sides of the landing.

7. Climbing clearances. The distance from the centerline of the rungs to the nearest permanent object on the climbing side of the ladder shall be a minimum of 30 inches measured perpendicular to the rungs. This distance shall be maintained from the point of ladder access to the bottom of the roof hatch. A minimum clear width of 15 inches shall be provided on both sides of the ladder measured from the midpoint of and parallel with the rungs except where cages or wells are installed.

8. Landing required. The ladder shall be provided with a clear and unobstructed bottom landing area having a minimum dimension of 30 inches by 30 inches centered in front of the ladder.

9. Ladders shall be protected against corrosion by approved means.

10. Access to ladders shall be provided at all times.

Catwalks installed to provide the required access shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) wide and shall have railings as required for service platforms.

306.6 Appliances above ceilings. Appliances that are located above ceilings shall have access for inspection, service and repair without removing permanent construction. Appliances that are located above a ceiling shall be provided with access to the working space(s) by an opening not smaller than 22 inches by 22 inches (559 mm by 559 mm). All enclosure doors or hinged panels shall be capable of opening a minimum of 90 degrees.

The appliance is not required to be removable or replaceable through the enclosure door, hinged panel, removable lay-in ceiling tile, or other removable covers. The appliance may be removed or replaced by removing the ceiling or wall assemblies adjacent to the appliance as long as they are not permanent construction.

307.2.3 Auxiliary and secondary drain systems. In addition to the requirements of Section 307.2.1, where damage to any building components could occur as a result of overflow from the equipment primary condensate removal system, one of the following auxiliary protection methods shall be provided for each cooling coil or fuel-fired appliance that produces condensate:

1. An auxiliary drain pan with a separate drain shall be provided under the coils on which condensation will occur. The auxiliary pan drain shall discharge to a conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in the event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The pan shall have a minimum depth of 1 1/2 inches (38 mm), shall not be less than 3 inches (76 mm) larger than the unit or the coil dimensions in width and length and shall be constructed of corrosion-resistant material. Galvanized sheet steel pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less than 0.0236 inch (0.6010 mm) (No. 24 gage). Nonmetallic pans shall have a minimum thickness of not less than 0.0625 inch (1.6 mm).

2. A separate overflow drain line shall be connected to the drain pan provided with the equipment. Such overflow drain shall discharge to a conspicuous point of disposal to alert occupants in the event of a stoppage of the primary drain. The overflow drain line shall connect to the drain pan at a higher level than the primary drain connection.

3. An auxiliary drain pan without a separate drain line shall be provided under the coils on which condensate will occur. Such pan shall be equipped with a water-level detection device conforming to UL 508 that will shut off the equipment served prior to overflow of the pan. The auxiliary drain pan shall be constructed in accordance with Item 1 of this section.

4. A water-level detection device conforming to UL 508 shall be provided that will shut off the equipment served in the event that the primary drain is blocked. The device shall be installed in the primary drain line, the overflow drain line, or in the equipment-supplied drain pan, located at a point higher than the primary drain line connection and below the overflow rim of such pan.

307.2.4.1 Ductless mini-split system traps. Ductless mini-split equipment that produces condensate shall be provided with an inline check valve located in the drain line, a trap, or other means of condensate drainage in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

401.2 Ventilation required. Every occupied space other than enclosed parking garages and buildings used for repair of automobiles shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 401.2.1, 401.2.2 or 401.2.3. Enclosed parking garages and buildings used for repair of automobiles shall be ventilated by mechanical means in accordance with Sections 403 and 404.

401.2.1 Group R occupancies. Ventilation in Group R occupancies shall be provided in accordance with Section 403.4.

401.2.3 All other occupancies. Ventilation in all other occupancies shall be provided by natural means in accordance with Section 402 or by mechanical means in accordance with Sections 403.1 to 403.7.

401.3 When required. Group R occupancies shall be vented continuously or intermittently in accordance with Section 403.4. Ventilation in all other occupancies shall be provided during the periods that the room or space is occupied.

401.4 Intake opening location. Air intake openings shall comply with all of the following:

1. Intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or buildings on the same lot. Lot lines shall not be defined as a separation from a street or public way.

2. Mechanical and gravity outdoor air intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally from any hazardous or noxious contaminant source, such as vents, streets, alleys, parking lots, and loading docks, except as specified in Item 3 or Section 501.3.1. Outdoor air intake openings shall be permitted to be located less than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally from streets, alleys, parking lots, and loading docks provided that the openings are located not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) vertically above such locations. Where openings front on a street or public way, the distance shall be measured from the closest edge of the street or public way.

3. Intake openings shall be located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) below contaminant sources where such sources are located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the opening.

4. Intake openings on structures in flood hazard areas shall be at or above the elevation required by Section 1612 of the International Building Code for utilities and attendant equipment.

401.7 Testing and balancing. At the discretion of the building official, flow testing may be required to verify that the mechanical system(s) satisfies the requirements of this chapter. Flow testing may be performed using flow hood measuring at the intake or exhaust points of the system, in-line pitot tube, or pitot-traverse type measurement systems in the duct, short term tracer gas measurements, or other means approved by the building official.

401.2 Ventilation required. Every occupied space other than enclosed parking garages and buildings used for repair of automobiles shall be ventilated in accordance with Section 401.2.1, 401.2.2 or 401.2.3. Enclosed parking garages and buildings used for repair of automobiles shall be ventilated by mechanical means in accordance with Sections 403 and 404.

401.2.1 Group R occupancies. Ventilation in Group R occupancies shall be provided in accordance with Section 403.4.

401.2.3 All other occupancies. Ventilation in all other occupancies shall be provided by natural means in accordance with Section 402 or by mechanical means in accordance with Sections 403.1 to 403.7.

401.3 When required. Group R occupancies shall be vented continuously or intermittently in accordance with Section 403.4. Ventilation in all other occupancies shall be provided during the periods that the room or space is occupied.

401.4 Intake opening location. Air intake openings shall comply with all of the following:

1. Intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from lot lines or buildings on the same lot. Lot lines shall not be defined as a separation from a street or public way.

2. Mechanical and gravity outdoor air intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally from any hazardous or noxious contaminant source, such as vents, streets, alleys, parking lots, and loading docks, except as specified in Item 3 or Section 501.3.1. Outdoor air intake openings shall be permitted to be located less than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally from streets, alleys, parking garage entries, parking lots, and loading docks provided that the openings are located not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) vertically above such locations. Where openings front on a street or public way, the distance shall be measured from the closest edge of the street or public way.

3. Intake openings shall be located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) below contaminant sources where such sources are located within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the opening. Separation is not required between intake air openings, operable openings, and living space exhaust air openings of an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit where an approved factory-built intake/exhaust combination termination fitting is used to separate the air streams in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. For these combined terminations, the exhaust air concentration within the intake airflow shall not exceed 10 percent as established by the manufacturer, in accordance with ASHRAE 62.2 Section 6.8, Exception 4.

4. Intake openings on structures in flood hazard areas shall be at or above the elevation required by Section 1612 of the International Building Code for utilities and attendant equipment.

401.7 Testing and balancing. At the discretion of the building official, flow testing may be required to verify that the mechanical system(s) satisfies the requirements of this chapter. Flow testing may be performed using flow hood measuring at the intake or exhaust points of the system, in-line pitot tube, or pitot-traverse type measurement systems in the duct, short term tracer gas measurements, or other means approved by the code official.

403.1 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air. The amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amount of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited from producing negative or positive pressure. The system to convey ventilation air shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 6.

403.2 Outdoor air required. The minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with Section 403.3.

403.2.1 Recirculation of air. The air required by Section 403.3 shall not be recirculated. Air in excess of that required by Section 403.3 shall not be prohibited from being recirculated as a component of supply air to building spaces, except that:

1. Ventilation air shall not be recirculated from one dwelling to another or to dissimilar occupancies.

2. Supply air to a swimming pool and associated deck areas shall not be recirculated unless such air is dehumidified to maintain the relative humidity of the area at 60 percent or less. Air from this area shall not be recirculated to other spaces where 10 percent or more of the resulting supply airstream consists of air recirculated from these spaces.

3. Where mechanical exhaust is required by Note b in Table 403.3.1.1, recirculation of air from such spaces shall be prohibited. All air supplied to such spaces shall be exhausted, including any air in excess of that required by Table 403.3.1.1.

4. Where mechanical exhaust is required by Note g in Table 403.3.1.1, mechanical exhaust is required and recirculation from such spaces is prohibited where more than 10 percent of the resulting supply airstream consists of air recirculated from these spaces. Return air from such spaces shall only be permitted to be recirculated when returned to an energy recovery ventilation system complying with Section 514. Recirculation of air that is contained completely within such spaces shall not be prohibited.

403.3Outdoor air and local exhaust airflow rates. Group R occupancies shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Section 403.4. All other buildings intended to be occupied shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Section 403.3.1.

403.3.1.1 Outdoor airflow rate. Ventilation systems shall be designed to have the capacity to supply the minimum outdoor airflow rate determined in accordance with this section. In each occupiable space, the ventilation system shall be designed to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to the breathing zone. Outdoor air shall be supplied directly to each occupiable space from an air handling unit through a fully ducted path or ducted to within 12 inches of the return air opening of a fan-powered terminal unit used to transfer the outdoor air to the occupiable space. The occupant load utilized for design of the ventilation system shall not be less than the number determined from the estimated maximum occupant load rate indicated in Table 403.3.1.1. Ventilation rates for occupancies not represented in Table 403.3.1.1 shall be those for a listed occupancy classification that is most similar in terms of occupant density, activities and building construction; or shall be determined by an approved engineering analysis. The ventilation system, including transfer fan-powered terminal units shall be designed to supply the required rate of ventilation air continuously during the period the building is occupied, except as otherwise stated in other provisions of the code.

With the exception of smoking lounges, the ventilation rates in Table 403.3.1.1 are based on the absence of smoking in occupiable spaces. Where smoking is anticipated in a space other than a smoking lounge, the ventilation system serving the space shall be designed to provide ventilation over and above that required by Table 403.3.1.1 in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

(The following categories in Table 403.3.1.1 have been modified. The remainder remain as printed in the 2018 International Mechanical Code)

403.3.1.1.2.3 Multiple zone recirculating systems. For ventilation systems wherein one or more air handlers supply a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated air to more than one ventilation zone, the outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 403.3.1.1.2.3.1 through 403.3.1.1.2.3.4.

403.3.1.1.2.3.1 Uncorrected outdoor air intake. The uncorrected outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-5.

Vou = D∑all zones(Rp × Pz) + ∑all zones(Ra × Az)(Equation 4-5)

403.3.1.1.2.3.1.1 Occupant diversity. The occupant diversity ratio (D) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-6 to account for variations in population within the ventilation zones served by the system.

D = Ps/∑all zonesPz(Equation 4-6)

where:

Ps = System population: The total population in the area served by the system.

403.3.1.1.2.3.1.2 Design system population. Design system population (Ps) shall equal the largest (peak) number of people expected to occupy all ventilation zones served by the ventilation system during use.

Note: Design system population is always equal to or less than the sum of design zone population for all zones in the area served by the system because all zones may or may not be simultaneously occupied at design population.

403.3.1.1.2.3.2 System ventilation efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be determined in accordance with Section 403.3.1.1.2.3.3 for the Simplified Procedure or Appendix A of ASHRAE 62.1 for the Alternative Procedure.

Note: These procedures also establish zone minimum primary airflow rates for VAV systems.

403.3.1.1.2.3.3.1 System ventilation efficiency. System ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-6a or 4-6b.

Ev = 0.88 × D + 0.22 for D < 0.60 (Equation 4-6a)

Ev = 0.75 for D ≥ 0.60 (Equation 4-6b)

403.3.1.1.2.3.3.2 Zone minimum primary airflow. For each zone, the minimum primary airflow (Vpz-min) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-7.

Vpz-min = Voz × 1.5 (Equation 4-7)

403.3.1.1.2.3.4 Outdoor air intake. The design outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-8.

Vot = Vou/Ev(Equation 4-8)

403.3.2 Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 occupancies. This section is not adopted. See Section 403.4.

403.3.2.1 Outdoor air for dwelling units. This section is not adopted.

403.3.2.2 Outdoor air for other spaces. This section is not adopted.

403.3.2.3 Local exhaust. This section is not adopted.

403.4 Group R whole house mechanical ventilation system. Each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall be equipped with a whole house mechanical ventilation system that complies with Sections 403.4.1 through 403.4.6. Each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall be equipped with local exhaust complying with Section 403.4.7. All occupied spaces, including public corridors, other than the Group R dwelling units and/or sleeping units, that support these Group R occupancies shall meet the ventilation requirement of natural ventilation requirements of Section 402 or the mechanical ventilation requirements of Sections 403.1 through 403.3.

403.4.1 System design. The whole house ventilation system shall consist of one or more supply fans, one or more exhaust fans, or an ERV/HRV with integral fans; and the associated ducts and controls. Local exhaust fans shall be permitted to serve as part of the whole house ventilation system when provided with the proper controls in accordance with Section 403.4.5. The systems shall be designed and installed to supply and exhaust the minimum outdoor airflow rates per Section 403.4.2 as corrected by the balanced and/or distributed whole house ventilation system coefficients in accordance with Section 403.4.3 where applicable.

403.4.2 Whole house mechanical ventilation rates. The sleeping unit whole house mechanical ventilation minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with the breathing zone ventilation rates minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with the breathing zone ventilation rates requirements of Section 403.3.1.1.1.2 using Equation 4-2. The dwelling unit whole house mechanical ventilation minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-10 or Table 403.4.2.

Qr = 0.01*Afloor + 7.5*(Nbr + 1) (Equation 4-10)

403.4.3 Ventilation quality adjustment. The minimum whole house ventilation rate from Section 403.4.2 shall be adjusted by the system coefficient in Table 403.4.3 based on the system type not meeting the definition of a balanced whole house ventilation system and/or not meeting the definition of a distributed whole house ventilation system.

Qv = Qr* Csystem(Equation 4-11)

403.4.4 Whole house ventilation residential occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping unit whole house ventilation systems shall meet the requirements of Sections 403.4.4.1 or 403.4.4.2 depending on the occupancy of the residential unit.

403.4.4.1 Whole house ventilation in Group R-2 occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping units in Group R-2 occupancies system shall include supply and exhaust fans and be a balanced whole house ventilation system in accordance with Section 403.4.6.3. The system shall include a heat or energy recovery ventilator with a sensible heat recovery effectiveness as prescribed in Section C403.3.6 of the Washington State Energy Code. The whole house ventilation system shall operate continuously at the minimum ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4. The whole house supply fan shall provide ducted outdoor ventilation air to each habitable space within the residential unit.

403.4.4.2 Whole house ventilation for other than Group R-2 occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping units in other than Group R-2 occupancies, including I-1 condition 2 occupancies, shall have a whole house mechanical ventilation system with supply and exhaust fans in accordance with Section 403.4.6.1, 403.4.6.2, 403.4.6.3, or 403.4.6.4. The whole house ventilation system shall operate continuously at the minimum ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4.2 unless configured with intermittent off controls in accordance with Section 403.4.6.5. The whole house supply fan shall provide ducted outdoor ventilation air to each habitable space within the residential unit.

1. The whole house ventilation system shall be controlled with manual switches, timers or other means that provide for automatic operation of the ventilation system that are readily accessible by the occupant;

2. Whole house mechanical ventilation system shall be provided with controls that enable manual override off of the system by the occupant during periods of poor outdoor air quality. Controls shall include permanent text or a symbol indicating their function. Recommended control permanent labeling to include text similar to the following: "Leave on unless outdoor air quality is very poor." Manual controls shall be provided with ready access for the occupant.

3. Whole house ventilation systems shall be configured to operating continuously except where intermittent off controls are provided in accordance with Section 403.4.6.5 and allowed by Section 403.4.4.2.

403.4.6 Whole house ventilation system component requirements. Whole house ventilation supply and exhaust fans specified in this section shall have a minimum efficacy as prescribed in the Washington State Energy Code. The fans shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 1.0 sone at design airflow and static pressure conditions. Design and installation of the system or equipment shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions.

403.4.6.1 Exhaust fans. Exhaust fans required shall be ducted directly to the outside in accordance with Section 501.3. Exhaust air outlets shall be designed to limit the pressure difference to the outside to limiting the outlet free area maximum velocity to 500 feet per minute and equipped with backdraft dampers or motorized dampers in accordance with Washington State Energy Code. Exhaust fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920. Exhaust fans required in this section may be used to provide local ventilation. Exhaust fans that are designed for intermittent exhaust airflow rates higher than the continuous exhaust airflow rates in Table 403.4.2 shall be provided with occupancy sensors or humidity sensors to automatically override the fan to the high speed airflow rate. The exhaust fans shall be tested and the testing results shall be submitted and posted in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7.

403.4.6.2 Supply fans. Supply fans used in meeting the requirements of this section shall supply outdoor air from intake openings in accordance with Sections 401.4 and 401.5. Intake air openings shall be designed to limit the pressure difference to the outside to limiting the inlet free area maximum velocity to 500 feet per minute and when designed for intermittent off operation shall be equipped with motorized dampers in accordance with the Washington State Energy Code. Supply fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920. Where outdoor air is provided to each habitable dwelling unit or sleeping unit by supply fan systems the outdoor air shall be filtered. The filter shall be provided with access for regular maintenance and replacement. The filter shall have a Minimum Efficiency Rating Value (MERV) of at least 8.

403.4.6.3 Balanced whole house ventilation system. A balanced whole house ventilation system shall include both supply and exhaust fans. The supply and exhaust fans shall have airflow that is within 10 percent of each other. The tested and balanced total mechanical exhaust airflow rate is within 10 percent or 5 cfm, whichever is greater, of the total mechanical supply airflow rate. The flow rate test results shall be submitted and posted in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7. The exhaust fan shall meet the requirements of Section 403.4.6.1. The supply fan shall meet the requirements of Section 403.4.6.2. For R-2 dwelling and sleeping units, the system is required to have balanced whole house ventilation but is not required to have distributed whole house ventilation where the not distributed system coefficient from Table 403.4.3 is utilized to correct the whole house mechanical ventilation rate. The system shall be design and balanced to meet the pressure equalization requirements of Section 501.4. Intermittent dryer exhaust, intermittent range hood exhaust, and intermittent toilet room exhaust airflow rates above the residential dwelling or sleeping unit minimum ventilation rate are exempt from the balanced airflow calculation.

403.4.6.4 Furnace integrated supply. Systems using space condition heating and/or cooling air handler fans for outdoor air supply air distribution are not permitted.

403.4.6.5 Intermittent off operation. Whole house mechanical ventilation systems shall be provided with advanced controls that are configured to operate the system with intermittent off operation and shall operate for a least two hours in each four-hour segment. The whole house ventilation airflow rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4.2 as corrected by Section 403.4.3 shall be multiplied by the factor determined in accordance with Table 403.4.6.5.

403.4.6.6 Testing. Whole house mechanical ventilation systems shall be tested, balanced and verified to provide a flow rate not less than the minimum required by Sections 403.4.2 and 403.4.3. Testing shall be performed according to the ventilation equipment manufacturer's instructions, or by using a flow hood, flow grid, or other airflow measuring device at the mechanical ventilation fan's inlet terminals, outlet terminals or grilles or in the connected ventilation ducts. Where required by the building official, testing shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building official and shall be posted in the residential unit in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7.

403.4.6.7 Certificate. A permanent certificate shall be completed by the mechanical contractor, test and balance contractor or other approved party and posted on a wall in the space where the furnace is located, a utility room, or an approved location inside the building. When located on an electrical panel, the certificate shall not cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label, service disconnect label, or other required labels. The certificate shall list the flow rate determined from the delivered airflow of the whole house mechanical ventilation system as installed and the type of mechanical whole house ventilation system used to comply with Section 403.4.3.

403.4.7 Local exhaust. Bathrooms, toilet rooms and kitchens shall include a local exhaust system. Such local exhaust systems shall have the capacity to exhaust the minimum airflow rate in accordance with Table 403.4.7 and Table 403.3.1.1, including notes. Fans required by this section shall be provided with controls that enable manual override or automatic occupancy sensor, humidity sensor or pollutant sensor controls. An "on/off" switch shall meet this requirement for manual controls. Manual fan controls shall be provided with ready access in the room served by the fan.

403.4.7.1 Whole house exhaust controls. If the local exhaust fan is included in a whole house ventilation system in accordance with Section 403.4.6, the exhaust fan shall be controlled to operate as specified in Section 403.4.5.

403.4.7.2 Local exhaust fans. Exhaust fans shall meet the following criteria.

1. Exhaust fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920.

2. Fan airflow rating and duct system shall be designed and installed to deliver at least the exhaust airflow required by Table 403.4.7. The airflows required refer to the delivered airflow of the system as installed and tested using a flow hood, flow grid, or other airflow measurement device. Local exhaust systems shall be tested, balanced and verified to provide a flow rate not less than the minimum required by this section.

3. Design and installation of the system or equipment shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturers' installation instructions.

4. Fan airflow rating and duct system shall be designed and installed to deliver at least the exhaust airflow required by Table 403.4.3.

403.1 Ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air. The amount of supply air shall be approximately equal to the amount of return and exhaust air. The system shall not be prohibited from producing negative or positive pressure. The system to convey ventilation air shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 6.

403.2 Outdoor air required. The minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with Section 403.3.

403.2.1 Recirculation of air. The air required by Section 403.3 shall not be recirculated. Air in excess of that required by Section 403.3 shall not be prohibited from being recirculated as a component of supply air to building spaces, except that:

1. Ventilation air shall not be recirculated from one dwelling to another or to dissimilar occupancies.

2. Supply air to a swimming pool and associated deck areas shall not be recirculated unless such air is dehumidified to maintain the relative humidity of the area at 60 percent or less. Air from this area shall not be recirculated to other spaces where 10 percent or more of the resulting supply airstream consists of air recirculated from these spaces. The design and installation of dehumidification systems shall comply with ANSI/ACCA 10 Manual SPS.

3. Where mechanical exhaust is required by Note b in Table 403.3.1.1, recirculation of air from such spaces shall be prohibited. All air supplied to such spaces shall be exhausted, including any air in excess of that required by Table 403.3.1.1.

4. Where mechanical exhaust is required by Note g in Table 403.3.1.1, mechanical exhaust is required and recirculation from such spaces is prohibited where more than 10 percent of the resulting supply airstream consists of air recirculated from these spaces. Recirculation of air that is contained completely within such spaces shall not be prohibited.

403.3Outdoor air and local exhaust airflow rates. Group R occupancies shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Section 403.4. All other buildings intended to be occupied shall be provided with outdoor air and local exhaust in accordance with Section 403.3.1.

403.3.1.1 Outdoor airflow rate. Ventilation systems shall be designed to have the capacity to supply the minimum outdoor airflow rate determined in accordance with this section. In each occupiable space, the ventilation system shall be designed to deliver the required rate of outdoor airflow to the breathing zone. Outdoor air shall be supplied directly to each occupiable space from an air handling unit through a fully ducted path or ducted to within 12 inches of the return air opening of a fan-powered terminal unit used to transfer the outdoor air to the occupiable space. The occupant load utilized for design of the ventilation system shall not be less than the number determined from the estimated maximum occupant load rate indicated in Table 403.3.1.1. Ventilation rates for occupancies not represented in Table 403.3.1.1 shall be those for a listed occupancy classification that is most similar in terms of occupant density, activities and building construction; or shall be determined by an approved engineering analysis. The ventilation system, including transfer fan-powered terminal units shall be designed to supply the required rate of ventilation air continuously during the period the building is occupied, except as otherwise stated in other provisions of the code.

With the exception of smoking lounges, the ventilation rates in Table 403.3.1.1 are based on the absence of smoking in occupiable spaces. Where smoking is anticipated in a space other than a smoking lounge, the ventilation system serving the space shall be designed to provide ventilation over and above that required by Table 403.3.1.1 in accordance with accepted engineering practice.

403.3.1.1.2.3 Multiple zone recirculating systems. For ventilation systems wherein one or more air handlers supply a mixture of outdoor air and recirculated air to more than one ventilation zone, the outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 403.3.1.1.2.3.1 through 403.3.1.1.2.3.4.

403.3.1.1.2.3.1 Uncorrected outdoor air intake. The uncorrected outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-5.

Vou = D∑all zones(Rp × Pz) + ∑all zones(Ra × Az)(Equation 4-5)

403.3.1.1.2.3.1.1 Occupant diversity. The occupant diversity ratio (D) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-6 to account for variations in population within the ventilation zones served by the system.

D = Ps/∑all zonesPz(Equation 4-6)

where:

Ps = System population: The total population in the area served by the system.

403.3.1.1.2.3.1.2 Design system population. Design system population (Ps) shall equal the largest (peak) number of people expected to occupy all ventilation zones served by the ventilation system during use.

Note: Design system population is always equal to or less than the sum of design zone population for all zones in the area served by the system because all zones may or may not be simultaneously occupied at design population.

403.3.1.1.2.3.2 System ventilation efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be determined in accordance with Section 403.3.1.1.2.3.3 for the Simplified Procedure or Appendix A of ASHRAE 62.1 for the Alternative Procedure.

Note: These procedures also establish zone minimum primary airflow rates for VAV systems.

403.3.1.1.2.3.3.1 System ventilation efficiency. System ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-6a or 4-6b.

Ev = 0.88 × D + 0.22 for D < 0.60 (Equation 4-6a)

Ev = 0.75 for D ≥ 0.60 (Equation 4-6b)

403.3.1.1.2.3.3.2 Zone minimum primary airflow. For each zone, the minimum primary airflow (Vpz-min) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-7.

Vpz-min = Voz × 1.5 (Equation 4-7)

403.3.1.1.2.3.4 Outdoor air intake. The design outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-8.

Vot = Vou/Ev(Equation 4-8)

403.3.2 Group R-2, R-3 and R-4 occupancies. This section is not adopted. See Section 403.4.

403.3.2.1 Outdoor air for dwelling units. This section is not adopted.

403.3.2.2 Outdoor air for other spaces. This section is not adopted.

403.3.2.3 Local exhaust. This section is not adopted.

403.4 Group R whole house mechanical ventilation system. Each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall be equipped with a whole house mechanical ventilation system that complies with Sections 403.4.1 through 403.4.6. Each dwelling unit or sleeping unit shall be equipped with local exhaust complying with Section 403.4.7. All occupied spaces, including public corridors, other than the Group R dwelling units and/or sleeping units, that support these Group R occupancies shall meet the ventilation requirement of natural ventilation requirements of Section 402 or the mechanical ventilation requirements of Sections 403.1 through 403.3.

403.4.1 System design. The whole house ventilation system shall consist of one or more supply fans, one or more exhaust fans, or an ERV/HRV with integral fans; and the associated ducts and controls. Local exhaust fans shall be permitted to serve as part of the whole house ventilation system when provided with the proper controls in accordance with Section 403.4.5. The systems shall be designed and installed to supply and exhaust the minimum outdoor airflow rates in accordance with Section 403.4.2 as corrected by the balanced and/or distributed whole house ventilation system coefficients in accordance with Section 403.4.3 where applicable.

403.4.2 Whole house mechanical ventilation rates. The sleeping unit whole house mechanical ventilation minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with the breathing zone ventilation rates minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with the breathing zone ventilation rates requirements of Section 403.3.1.1.1.2 using Equation 4-2. The dwelling unit whole house mechanical ventilation minimum outdoor airflow rate shall be determined in accordance with Equation 4-10 or Table 403.4.2.

Qr = 0.01*Afloor + 7.5*(Nbr + 1) (Equation 4-10)

403.4.3 Ventilation quality adjustment. The minimum whole house ventilation rate from Section 403.4.2 shall be adjusted by the system coefficient in Table 403.4.3 based on the system type not meeting the definition of a balanced whole house ventilation system and/or not meeting the definition of a distributed whole house ventilation system.

Qv = Qr* Csystem(Equation 4-11)

403.4.4 Whole house ventilation residential occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping unit whole house ventilation systems shall meet the requirements of Sections 403.4.4.1 or 403.4.4.2 depending on the occupancy of the residential unit.

403.4.4.1 Whole house ventilation in Group R-2 occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping units in Group R-2 occupancies system shall include supply and exhaust fans and be a balanced whole house ventilation system in accordance with Section 403.4.6.3. The system shall include a heat or energy recovery ventilator with a sensible heat recovery effectiveness as prescribed in Section C403.3.6 or when selected as an option of R406 of the Washington State Energy Code. The whole house ventilation system shall operate continuously at the minimum ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4. The whole house supply fan shall provide ducted outdoor ventilation air to each habitable space within the residential unit.

403.4.4.2 Whole house ventilation for other than Group R-2 occupancies. Residential dwelling and sleeping units in other than Group R-2 occupancies, including I-1 condition 2 occupancies, shall have a whole house mechanical ventilation system with supply and exhaust fans in accordance with Section 403.4.6.1, 403.4.6.2, 403.4.6.3, or 403.4.6.4. The whole house ventilation system shall operate continuously at the minimum ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4.2 unless configured with intermittent off controls in accordance with Section 403.4.6.5. The whole house supply fan shall provide ducted outdoor ventilation air to each habitable space within the residential unit.

1. The whole house ventilation system shall be controlled with manual switches, timers or other means that provide for automatic operation of the ventilation system that are readily accessible by the occupant;

2. Whole house mechanical ventilation system shall be provided with controls that enable manual override off of the system by the occupant during periods of poor outdoor air quality. Controls shall include permanent text or a symbol indicating their function. Recommended control permanent labeling to include text similar to the following: "Leave on unless outdoor air quality is very poor." Manual controls shall be provided with ready access for the occupant.

3. Whole house ventilation systems shall be configured to operating continuously except where intermittent off controls are provided in accordance with Section 403.4.6.5 and allowed by Section 403.4.4.2.

403.4.6 Whole house ventilation system component requirements. Whole house ventilation supply and exhaust fans specified in this section shall have a minimum efficacy as prescribed in the Washington State Energy Code. The fans shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 1.0 sone at design airflow and static pressure conditions. Design and installation of the system or equipment shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions.

403.4.6.1 Exhaust fans. Exhaust fans required shall be ducted directly to the outside in accordance with Section 501.3. Exhaust air outlets shall be designed to limit the pressure difference to the outside to limiting the outlet free area maximum velocity to 500 feet per minute and equipped with backdraft dampers or motorized dampers in accordance with Washington State Energy Code. Exhaust fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920. Exhaust fans required in this section may be used to provide local ventilation. Exhaust fans serving spaces other than kitchens that are designed for intermittent exhaust rates in Table 403.4.7 shall be provided with occupancy sensors, humidity sensors, timer controls, or pollutant sensor controls to automatically override the fan to the high speed airflow rate. The exhaust fans shall be tested and the testing results shall be submitted and posted in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7.

403.4.6.2 Supply fans. Supply fans used in meeting the requirements of this section shall supply outdoor air from intake openings in accordance with Sections 401.4 and 401.5. Intake air openings shall be designed to limit the pressure difference to the outside to limiting the inlet free area maximum velocity to 500 feet per minute and when designed for intermittent off operation shall be equipped with motorized dampers in accordance with the Washington State Energy Code. Supply fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920. Where outdoor air is provided to each habitable dwelling unit or sleeping unit by supply fan systems the outdoor air shall be filtered. The filter shall be provided with access for regular maintenance and replacement. The filter shall have a Minimum Efficiency Rating Value (MERV) of at least 8.

403.4.6.3 Balanced whole house ventilation system. A balanced whole house ventilation system shall include both supply and exhaust fans. The supply and exhaust fans shall have airflow that is within 10 percent of each other. The tested and balanced total mechanical exhaust airflow rate is within 10 percent or 5 cfm, whichever is greater, of the total mechanical supply airflow rate. The flow rate test results shall be submitted and posted in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7. The exhaust fan shall meet the requirements of Section 403.4.6.1. The supply fan shall meet the requirements of Section 403.4.6.2. For Group R-2 dwelling and sleeping units, the system is required to have balanced whole house ventilation but is not required to have distributed whole house ventilation where the not distributed system coefficient from Table 403.4.3 is utilized to correct the whole house mechanical ventilation rate. The system shall be designed and balanced to meet the pressure equalization requirements of Section 501.4. Local exhaust systems that are not a component of the whole-house mechanical ventilation system are exempt from the balanced airflow calculation.

403.4.6.4 Furnace integrated supply. Systems using space condition heating and/or cooling air handler fans for outdoor air supply air distribution are not permitted.

403.4.6.5 Intermittent off operation. Whole house mechanical ventilation systems shall be provided with advanced controls that are configured to operate the system with intermittent off operation and shall operate for a least two hours in each four-hour segment. The whole house ventilation airflow rate determined in accordance with Section 403.4.2 as corrected by Section 403.4.3 shall be multiplied by the factor determined in accordance with Table 403.4.6.5.

403.4.6.6 Testing. Whole house mechanical ventilation systems shall be tested, balanced and verified to provide a flow rate not less than the minimum required by Sections 403.4.2 and 403.4.3. Testing shall be performed according to the ventilation equipment manufacturer's instructions, or by using a flow hood, flow grid, or other airflow measuring device at the mechanical ventilation fan's inlet terminals, outlet terminals or grilles or in the connected ventilation ducts. Where required by the building official, testing shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building official and shall be posted in the residential unit in accordance with Section 403.4.6.7.

403.4.6.7 Certificate. A permanent certificate shall be completed by the mechanical contractor, test and balance contractor or other approved party and posted on a wall in the space where the furnace is located, a utility room, or an approved location inside the building. When located on an electrical panel, the certificate shall not cover or obstruct the visibility of the circuit directory label, service disconnect label, or other required labels. The certificate shall list the flow rate determined from the delivered airflow of the whole house mechanical ventilation system as installed and the type of mechanical whole house ventilation system used to comply with Section 403.4.3.

403.4.7 Local exhaust. Bathrooms, toilet rooms and kitchens shall include a local exhaust system. Such local exhaust systems shall have the capacity to exhaust the minimum airflow rate in accordance with Table 403.4.7 and Table 403.3.1.1, including notes. Fans required by this section shall be provided with controls that enable manual override or automatic occupancy sensor, humidity sensor, timer controls, or pollutant sensor controls. An "on/off" switch shall meet this requirement for manual controls. Manual fan controls shall be provided with ready access in the room served by the fan.

403.4.7.1 Whole house exhaust controls. If the local exhaust fan is included in a whole house ventilation system in accordance with Section 403.4.6, the exhaust fan shall be controlled to operate as specified in Section 403.4.5.

403.4.7.2 Local exhaust fans. Exhaust fans shall meet the following criteria.

1. Exhaust fans shall be tested and rated in accordance with HVI 915, HVI 916, and HVI 920 or equivalent.

2. Fan airflow rating and duct system shall be designed and installed to deliver at least the exhaust airflow required by Table 403.4.7. The airflows required refer to the delivered airflow of the system as installed and tested using a flow hood, flow grid, or other airflow measurement device. Local exhaust systems shall be tested and verified to provide a flow rate not less than the minimum required by this section.

3. Design and installation of the system or equipment shall be carried out in accordance with manufacturers' installation instructions.

4. Intermittent local exhaust system serving kitchens shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 3 sones at one or more airflow settings not less than 100 cfm at a static pressure not less than that determined at working speed as specified in HVI 916 Section 7.2.

5. Continuous local exhaust system serving kitchens shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 1 sone at one or more airflow settings not less than 100 cfm at a static pressure not less than that determined at working speed as specified in HVI 916 Section 7.2.

403.4.7.3 Local intermittent kitchen exhaust system. Kitchen range hoods for domestic cooking appliances shall meet or exceed either the minimum airflow or the minimum capture efficiency in accordance with Table 403.4.7.3. Capture efficiency ratings shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E3087.

403.4.7.3.1 Field verification and diagnostic testing for local intermittent kitchen exhaust system. The local exhaust system for kitchens shall be installed to comply with local mechanical exhaust requirements specified in 403.4.7.3 and shall be field verified in accordance with the procedures below to confirm the model is rated by HVI or AHAM to comply with the following requirements:

1. Local intermittent exhaust system for kitchens shall be tested and verified to provide a minimum airflow rate or capture efficiency required by Section 403.4.7.3. Testing shall include verification of the maximum sound rating as specified in Section 403.4.7.2. Testing for the intermittent kitchen exhaust systems shall occur with the whole house ventilation system operating and with all dwelling unit or sleeping unit entry doors closed. Testing for exhaust systems that require mechanical makeup air in accordance with Section 505.4 shall include verifying that the mechanical makeup air opening is open. Testing for exhaust systems that require mechanical makeup air in accordance with Section 505.4 shall include verifying that the mechanical makeup air system is controlled to automatically start. Testing for exhaust systems that do not require mechanical makeup air in accordance with Section 505.4 and that are exempt from pressurize equalization per Section 501.4 shall be tested with operable openings manually opened unless design exhaust airflow can be achieved with all operable openings closed. Where required by the building official, testing shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the building official.

2. The verification shall utilize certified rating data from HVI Publication 911, AHAM-Certified Range Hood Directory, or another directory of certified product performance ratings approved by the code official for determining compliance. The verification procedure shall consist of visual inspection of the local intermittent kitchen exhaust system to verify and record the following information:

2.1. The manufacturer name and model number.

2.2. The model is listed in the HVI, AHAM, or equivalent directory.

2.3. The rated airflow value listed in the HVI, AHAM, or equivalent directory.

2.4. The sound rating value listed in the HVI, AHAM, or equivalent directory.

2.5. If the value for the rated airflow given in the directory is greater than or equal to the airflow requirements specified in Section 403.4.7.3 and if the value for the sone rating given in the directory is less than or equal to the sone rating requirements specified in 403.4.7.2, then the local intermittent kitchen exhaust system complies, otherwise the local intermittent kitchen exhaust system does not comply.

404.4 Automobile repair facilities. In buildings used for the repair of automobiles, each repair stall shall be equipped with an exhaust extension duct, extending to the outside of the building. Exhaust extension duct over 10 feet in length shall mechanically exhaust at least 300 cfm. Connecting offices and waiting rooms shall be supplied with conditioned air under positive pressure.

407.1 General. Mechanical ventilation for health care facilities licensed by Washington state shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and the following provisions of the Washington Administrative Code (WAC):

1. Mechanical ventilation in ambulatory care facilities shall comply with chapter 246-330 WAC.

2. Mechanical ventilation for acute care hospitals shall comply with chapter 246-320 WAC.

3. Mechanical ventilation for nursing homes shall comply with chapter 388-97 WAC.

Mechanical ventilation for unlicensed ambulatory care facilities shall be designed and installed in accordance with this code and ASHRAE 170.

501.3.1 Location of exhaust outlets. The termination point of exhaust outlets and ducts discharging to the outdoors shall be located with the following minimum distances:

1. For ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts: 30 feet (9144 mm) from the property line; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into the building; 6 feet (1829 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible walls and operable openings into the building which are in the direction of the exhaust discharge; 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.

2. For other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from property lines; 3 feet (914 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into the building; 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.

3. For environmental air exhaust other than enclosed parking garage and transformer vault exhaust: 3 feet (914 mm) from property lines, 3 feet (914 mm) from operable openings into buildings for all occupancies other that Group U, and 10 feet (3048 mm) from mechanical air intakes. Such exhaust shall not be considered hazardous or noxious.

4. Exhaust outlets serving structures in flood hazard areas shall be installed at or above the elevation required by Section 1613 of the International Building Code for utilities and attendant equipment.

5. For enclosed parking garage exhaust system outlets and transformer vault exhaust system outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from property lines which separate one lot from another; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into buildings; 3 feet (914 mm) horizontally from, 10 feet above, or 10 feet below adjoining finished sidewalk.

6. For elevator machinery rooms in enclosed or open parking garages: Exhaust outlets may discharge air directly into the parking garage.

7. For specific systems see the following sections:

7.1. Clothes dryer exhaust, Section 504.4.

7.2. Kitchen hoods and other kitchen exhaust equipment, Sections 506.3.13, 506.4 and 506.5.

7.3. Dust stock and refuse conveying systems, Section 511.2.

7.4. Subslab soil exhaust systems, Section 512.4.

7.5. Smoke control systems, Section 513.10.3.

7.6. Refrigerant discharge, Section 1105.7.

7.7. Machinery room discharge, Section 1105.6.1.

501.4 Pressure equalization. Mechanical exhaust systems shall be sized to remove the quantity of air required by this chapter to be exhausted. The system shall operate when air is required to be exhausted. Where mechanical exhaust is required in a room or space, such space shall be maintained with a neutral or negative pressure. If a greater quantity of air is supplied by a mechanical ventilating supply system than is removed by a mechanical exhaust for a room, adequate means shall be provided for the natural or mechanical exhaust of the excess air supplied. If only a mechanical exhaust system is installed for a room or if a greater quantity of air is removed by a mechanical exhaust system than is supplied by a mechanical ventilating supply system for a room, adequate makeup air consisting of supply air, transfer air or outdoor air shall be provided to satisfy the deficiency. The calculated building infiltration rate shall not be used to satisfy the requirements of this section.

501.3.1 Location of exhaust outlets. The termination point of exhaust outlets and ducts discharging to the outdoors shall be located with the following minimum distances:

1. For ducts conveying explosive or flammable vapors, fumes or dusts: 30 feet (9144 mm) from the property line; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into the building; 6 feet (1829 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 30 feet (9144 mm) from combustible walls and operable openings into the building which are in the direction of the exhaust discharge; 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.

2. For other product-conveying outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from property lines; 3 feet (914 mm) from exterior walls and roofs; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into the building; 10 feet (3048 mm) above adjoining grade.

3. For environmental air exhaust other than enclosed parking garage and transformer vault exhaust: 3 feet (914 mm) from property lines, 3 feet (914 mm) from operable openings into buildings for all occupancies other that Group U, and 10 feet (3048 mm) from mechanical air intakes. Such exhaust shall not be considered hazardous or noxious. Separation is not required between intake air openings and living space exhaust air openings of an individual dwelling unit or sleeping unit where an approved factory-built intake/exhaust combination termination fitting is used to separate the air streams in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

4. Exhaust outlets serving structures in flood hazard areas shall be installed at or above the elevation required by Section 1613 of the International Building Code for utilities and attendant equipment.

5. For enclosed parking garage exhaust system outlets and transformer vault exhaust system outlets: 10 feet (3048 mm) from property lines which separate one lot from another; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into buildings; 3 feet (914 mm) horizontally from, 10 feet above, or 10 feet below adjoining finished walkways.

6. For transformer vault exhaust system outlets, subject to the requirements of NFPA 70 Section 450.45: Ten feet (3048 mm) from fire escapes, required means of egress at the exterior of the building, elements of exit discharge, exterior combustible materials, and openings that are not protected in accordance with Section 705.8 of the International Building Code; 10 feet (3048 mm) from property lines which separate one lot from another; 10 feet (3048 mm) from operable openings into buildings; 10 feet (3048 mm) above walkways.

7. For elevator machinery rooms in enclosed or open parking garages: Exhaust outlets may discharge air directly into the parking garage.

8. For specific systems see the following sections:

8.1. Clothes dryer exhaust, Section 504.4.

8.2. Kitchen hoods and other kitchen exhaust equipment, Sections 506.3.13, 506.4 and 506.5.

8.3. Dust stock and refuse conveying systems, Section 511.2.

8.4. Subslab soil exhaust systems, Section 512.4.

8.5. Smoke control systems, Section 513.10.3.

8.6. Refrigerant discharge, Section 1105.7.

8.7. Machinery room discharge, Section 1105.6.1.

501.4 Pressure equalization. Mechanical exhaust systems shall be sized to remove the quantity of air required by this chapter to be exhausted. The system shall operate when air is required to be exhausted. Where mechanical exhaust is required in a room or space, such space shall be maintained with a neutral or negative pressure. If a greater quantity of air is supplied by a mechanical ventilating supply system than is removed by a mechanical exhaust for a room, adequate means shall be provided for the natural or mechanical exhaust of the excess air supplied. If only a mechanical exhaust system is installed for a room or if a greater quantity of air is removed by a mechanical exhaust system than is supplied by a mechanical ventilating supply system for a room, adequate makeup air consisting of supply air, transfer air or outdoor air shall be provided to satisfy the deficiency. The calculated building infiltration rate shall not be used to satisfy the requirements of this section.

504.4 Exhaust installation. Dryer exhaust ducts for clothes dryers shall terminate on the outside of the building and shall be equipped with a backdraft damper located where the duct terminates. Dryer exhaust ducts may terminate at exterior wall louvers with openings spaced not less than 1/2-inch in any direction.

Screens shall not be installed at the duct termination. Ducts shall not be connected or installed with sheet metal screws or other fasteners that will obstruct the exhaust flow. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall not be connected to a vent connector, vent or chimney. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts or plenums.

Domestic dryer exhaust ducts may terminate at a common location where each duct has an independent back-draft damper.

504.10 Common exhaust systems for clothes dryers located in multistory structures. Where a common multistory duct system is designed and installed to convey exhaust from multiple clothes dryers, the construction of the system shall be in accordance with all of the following:

1. The shaft in which the duct is installed shall be constructed and fire-resistance rated as required by the International Building Code.

2. Dampers shall be prohibited in the exhaust duct. Penetrations of the shaft and ductwork shall be protected in accordance with Section 607.5.5, Exception 2.

3. Rigid metal ductwork shall be installed within the shaft to convey the exhaust. The ductwork shall be constructed of sheet steel having a minimum thickness of 0.0187 inch (0.4712 mm) (No. 26 gage) and in accordance with SMACNA Duct Construction Standards.

4. The ductwork within the shaft shall be designed and installed without offsets.

5. The exhaust fan motor design shall be in accordance with Section 503.2.

6. The exhaust fan motor shall be located outside of the airstream.

7. The exhaust fan shall run continuously, and shall be connected to a standby power source.

8. Exhaust fan operation shall be monitored in an approved location and shall initiate an audible or visual signal when the fan is not in operation.

9. Makeup air shall be provided for the exhaust system to maintain the minimum flow for the exhaust fan when the dryers are not operating. Additionally, makeup air shall be provided when required by Section 504.5.

10. A cleanout opening shall be located at the base of the shaft to provide access to the duct to allow for cleaning and inspection. The finished opening shall be not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm).

11. Screens shall not be installed at the termination.

12. The common multistory duct system shall serve only clothes dryers and shall be independent of other exhaust systems.

504.4 Exhaust installation. Dryer exhaust ducts for clothes dryers shall terminate on the outside of the building and shall be equipped with a backdraft damper located where the duct terminates. Dryer exhaust ducts may terminate at exterior wall louvers with openings spaced not less than 1/2-inch in any direction.

Screens shall not be installed at the duct termination. Ducts shall not be connected or installed with sheet metal screws or other fasteners that will obstruct the exhaust flow. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall not be connected to a vent connector, vent or chimney. Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall not extend into or through ducts or plenums.

Domestic dryer exhaust ducts may terminate at a common location where each duct has an independent back-draft damper.

504.11 Common exhaust systems for clothes dryers located in multistory structures. Where a common multistory duct system is designed and installed to convey exhaust from multiple clothes dryers, the construction of the system shall be in accordance with all of the following:

1. The shaft in which the duct is installed shall be constructed and fire-resistance rated as required by the International Building Code.

2. Dampers shall be prohibited in the exhaust duct. Penetrations of the shaft and ductwork shall be protected in accordance with Section 607.5.5, Exception 2.

3. Rigid metal ductwork shall be installed within the shaft to convey the exhaust. The ductwork shall be constructed of sheet steel having a minimum thickness of 0.0187 inch (0.4712 mm) (No. 26 gage) and in accordance with SMACNA Duct Construction Standards.

4. The ductwork within the shaft shall be designed and installed without offsets.

5. The exhaust fan motor design shall be in accordance with Section 503.2.

6. The exhaust fan motor shall be located outside of the airstream.

7. The exhaust fan shall run continuously, and shall be connected to a standby power source.

8. Exhaust fan operation shall be monitored in an approved location and shall initiate an audible or visual signal when the fan is not in operation.

9. Makeup air shall be provided for the exhaust system to maintain the minimum flow for the exhaust fan when the dryers are not operating. Additionally, makeup air shall be provided when required by Section 504.7.

10. A cleanout opening shall be located at the base of the shaft to provide access to the duct to allow for cleaning and inspection. The finished opening shall be not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm).

11. Screens shall not be installed at the termination.

12. The common multistory duct system shall serve only clothes dryers and shall be independent of other exhaust systems.

505.1 Domestic systems. Where domestic range hoods and domestic appliances equipped with downdraft exhaust are provided, such hoods and appliances shall discharge to the outdoors through sheet metal ducts constructed of galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper. Such ducts shall have smooth inner walls, shall be air tight, shall be equipped with a backdraft damper and shall be independent of all other exhaust systems.

Domestic kitchen exhaust ducts may terminate with other domestic dryer exhaust and residential local exhaust ducts at a common location where each duct has an independent back-draft damper.

Listed and labeled exhaust booster fans shall be permitted when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

505.3 Domestic exhaust ducts. Ducts serving domestic cooking exhaust equipment shall discharge to the outdoors through sheet metal ducts constructed of galvanized steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper. Such ducts shall have smooth inner walls, shall be airtight, shall be equipped with a backdraft damper and shall be independent of all other exhaust systems.

Domestic kitchen exhaust ducts may terminate with other domestic dryer exhaust and residential local exhaust ducts at a common location where each duct has an independent back-draft damper.

Listed and labeled exhaust booster fans shall be permitted when installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.

506.3.2.4 Vibration isolation. A vibration isolation connector for connecting a duct to a fan shall consist of noncombustible packing in a metal sleeve joint of approved design or shall be a coated-fabric flexible duct connector rated for continuous duty at temperature of not less than 1500°F (816°C). Vibration isolation connectors shall be installed only at the connection of a duct to a fan inlet or outlet.

506.3.9.1 Grease duct horizontal cleanout. Cleanouts located on horizontal sections of ducts shall:

1. Be spaced not more than 20 feet (6096 mm) apart.

2. Be located not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from changes in direction that are greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad).

3. Be located on the bottom only where other locations are not available and shall be provided with internal damming of the opening such that grease will flow past the opening without pooling. Bottom cleanouts and openings shall be approved for the application and installed liquid-tight.

4. Not be closer than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from the edges of the duct.

5. Have dimensions of not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm). Where such dimensions preclude installation, the openings shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) on one side and shall be large enough to provide access for cleaning and maintenance.

6. Shall be located at grease reservoirs.

506.3.9.2 Grease duct vertical cleanouts. Where ducts pass vertically through floors, cleanouts shall be provided. A minimum of one cleanout shall be provided on each floor. Cleanout openings shall be not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) from all outside edges of the duct or welded seams.

506.3.11 Grease duct enclosures. A commercial kitchen grease duct serving a Type I hood that penetrates a ceiling, wall, floor or any concealed spaces shall be enclosed from the point of penetration to the outlet terminal. In-line exhaust fans not located outdoors shall be enclosed as required for grease ducts. A duct shall penetrate exterior walls only at locations where unprotected openings are permitted by the International Building Code. The duct enclosure shall serve a single grease duct and shall not contain other ducts, piping or wiring systems. Duct enclosures shall be a shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 506.3.11.1, a field-applied enclosure assembly in accordance with Section 506.3.11.2 or a factory-built enclosure assembly in accordance with Section 506.3.11.3. Duct enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than that of the assembly penetrated. The duct enclosure need not exceed 2 hours but shall not be less than 1 hour. Fire dampers and smoke dampers shall not be installed in grease ducts.

506.3.2.4 Vibration isolation. A vibration isolation connector for connecting a duct to a fan shall consist of noncombustible packing in a metal sleeve joint of approved design or shall be a coated-fabric flexible duct connector rated for continuous duty at temperature of not less than 1500°F (816°C). Vibration isolation connectors shall be installed only at the connection of a duct to a fan inlet or outlet.

506.3.9.1 Grease duct horizontal cleanout. Cleanouts located on horizontal sections of ducts shall:

1. Be spaced not more than 20 feet (6096 mm) apart.

2. Be located not more than 10 feet (3048 mm) from changes in direction that are greater than 45 degrees (0.79 rad).

3. Be located on the bottom only where other locations are not available and shall be provided with internal damming of the opening such that grease will flow past the opening without pooling. Bottom cleanouts and openings shall be approved for the application and installed liquid-tight.

4. Not be closer than 1 inch (25.4 mm) from the edges of the duct.

5. Have dimensions of not less than 12 inches by 12 inches (305 mm by 305 mm). Where such dimensions preclude installation, the openings shall be not less than 12 inches (305 mm) on one side and shall be large enough to provide access for cleaning and maintenance.

6. Shall be located at grease reservoirs.

7. Be located within 3 feet (914 mm) of horizontal discharge fans.

506.3.9.2 Grease duct vertical cleanouts. Where ducts pass vertically through floors, cleanouts shall be provided. A minimum of one cleanout shall be provided on each floor. Cleanout openings shall be not less than 1 1/2 inches (38 mm) from all outside edges of the duct or welded seams.

506.3.11 Grease duct enclosures. A commercial kitchen grease duct serving a Type I hood that penetrates a ceiling, wall, floor or any concealed spaces shall be enclosed from the point of penetration to the outlet terminal. In-line exhaust fans not located outdoors shall be enclosed as required for grease ducts. A duct shall penetrate exterior walls only at locations where unprotected openings are permitted by the International Building Code. The duct enclosure shall serve a single grease duct and shall not contain other ducts, piping or wiring systems. Duct enclosures shall be a shaft enclosure in accordance with Section 506.3.11.1, a field-applied enclosure assembly in accordance with Section 506.3.11.2 or a factory-built enclosure assembly in accordance with Section 506.3.11.3. Duct enclosures shall have a fire-resistance rating of not less than that of the assembly penetrated. The duct enclosure need not exceed 2 hours but shall not be less than 1 hour. Fire dampers and smoke dampers shall not be installed in grease ducts.

507.1.2 Domestic cooking appliances used for commercial purposes. Domestic cooking appliances utilized for commercial purposes shall be provided with Type I, Type II or residential hoods as required for the type of appliances and processes in accordance with Table 507.1.2 and Sections 507.2 and 507.3. Domestic cooking appliances utilized for domestic purposes shall comply with Section 505.

507.2 Type I hoods. Type I hoods shall be installed where cooking appliances produce grease or smoke as a result of the cooking process. Type I hoods shall be installed over medium-duty, heavy-duty and extra-heavy-duty cooking appliances.

515.1 General. Waste or linen chutes shall be gravity vented per NFPA 82.

515.1 General. Waste or linen chutes shall be gravity vented in accordance with NFPA 82.

601.2 Air movement in egress elements. Corridors shall not serve as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts.

601.2 Air movement in egress elements. Corridors shall not serve as supply, return, exhaust, relief or ventilation air ducts.

602.1 General. Supply, return, exhaust, relief and ventilation air plenums shall be limited to uninhabited crawl spaces, areas above a ceiling or below the floor, attic spaces and mechanical equipment rooms. Plenums shall be limited to one fire area. Air systems that serve multiple fire areas shall be ducted from the boundary of the fire area served directly to the air-handling equipment. Fuel-fired appliances shall not be installed within a plenum.

603.5.1 Gypsum ducts. The use of gypsum boards to form air shafts (ducts) shall be limited to return air systems where the air temperatures do not exceed 125ºF (52ºC) and the gypsum board surface temperature is maintained above the airstream dew-point temperature. Air ducts formed by gypsum boards shall not be incorporated in air-handling systems utilizing evaporative coolers.

603.5.1 Gypsum ducts. The use of gypsum boards to form air shafts (ducts) shall be limited to return air systems where the air temperatures do not exceed 125ºF (52ºC) and the gypsum board surface temperature is maintained above the airstream dew-point temperature. Supply air ducts formed by gypsum boards shall not be incorporated in air-handling systems utilizing direct evaporativecooling systems.

605.1 General. Heating and air-conditioning systems shall be provided with approved air filters. Filters shall be installed such that all return air, outdoor air and makeup air is filtered upstream from any heat exchanger or coil. Filters shall be installed in an approved convenient location. Liquid adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point not lower than 325°F (163°C).

605.4 Particulate matter removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners having a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of not less than 6 for ducted air handlers and not less than 4 for ductless mini-split systems shall be provided upstream of all cooling coils or other devices with wetted surfaces through which air is supplied to an occupiable space.

605.1 General. Air handlers and ventilation systems shall be provided with approved air filters in accordance with Section 605.4. Filters shall be installed such that all return air, recirculated air, outdoor air and makeup air is filtered upstream from any heat exchanger or coil. Filters shall be installed in an approved convenient location. Liquid adhesive coatings used on filters shall have a flash point not lower than 325°F (163°C).

605.4 Particulate matter removal. Particulate matter filters or air cleaners shall have a minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of not less than the following:

1. MERV 13 for ducted air handlers and ventilation systems serving occupiable spaces in Groups A, B, E, M, R and I occupancies.

2. MERV 8 for ducted air handlers and ventilation systems serving occupiable spaces in Groups F, H, S, and U occupancies.

3. MERV 4 for unducted air handlers and fan coil units.

606.2.1 Return air systems. Smoke detectors shall be installed in return air systems with a design capacity greater than 2,000 cfm (0.9 m3/s), in the return air duct or plenum upstream of any filters, exhaust air connections, outdoor air connections, or decontamination equipment and appliances.

606.2.2 Common supply and return air systems. Where multiple air-handling systems share common supply or return air ducts or plenums with a combined design capacity greater than 2,000 cfm (0.9 m3/s), the return air system shall be provided with smoke detectors in accordance with Section 606.2.1.

In all cases, the smoke detectors shall comply with Sections 606.4 and 606.4.1.

The shutdown of fan-powered terminal units may be performed by a building automation system upon activation of smoke detection as described in Section 606.2.2, Exception Items 1, 2, or 3. The building automation system is not required to be listed as a smoke control system and is not required to comply with UL 864.

606.2.4 Corridors serving Group R occupancies in other than high-rise buildings. Corridors that serve Group R occupancies in other than high-rise buildings and that are mechanically ventilated with supply air shall be equipped with smoke detectors spaced in accordance with NFPA 72. The supply fan shall automatically shut off upon activation of the corridor smoke detectors.

606.2.5 Corridors serving Group R occupancies in high-rise buildings. Corridors that serve Group R occupancies in high-rise buildings and that are mechanically ventilated with supply air shall be equipped with smoke detectors that are spaced in accordance with NFPA 72 and air supply inlets to the corridor shall be provided with smoke/fire dampers. The supply inlet smoke/fire dampers shall automatically close upon activation of the corridor smoke detectors.

607.5.2 Fire barriers. Ducts and air transfer openings that penetrate fire barriers shall be protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing. Ducts and air transfer openings shall not penetrate enclosures for interior exit stairways and ramps and exit passageways except as permitted by Sections 1023.5 and 1024.6, respectively, of the International Building Code.

607.5.3 Fire partitions. Ducts and air transfer openings that penetrate fire partitions shall be protected with listed fire dampers installed in accordance with their listing.

915.3 Installation of emergency and legally required power systems. Emergency power systems and legally required standby power systems required by the International Building Code or International Fire Code shall be installed in accordance with the International Fire Code, NFPA 70, NFPA 110, and NFPA 111.

915.3.1 Air intakes. Air intake opening locations for combustion and radiator cooling intake air shall be located on the exterior of the building in accordance with NFPA 110 and a minimum of 5 feet from the property line.

915.3.2 Air outlets. Air outlet opening locations shall comply with the following:

1. Combustion exhaust shall be located on the exterior of the building in accordance with Section 501.3.1 Item 2 for product conveying exhaust.

2. Radiator cooling outlet air shall be located on the exterior of the building in accordance with NFPA 110, a minimum of 5 feet from the property line and a minimum of 2 feet above grade.

915.4 Installation of optional standby power systems. Optional standby power systems shall be installed in accordance with the International Fire Code, NFPA 37, NFPA 70, and NFPA 111 as applicable.

915.4.1 Air intakes. Air intake opening locations for combustion and radiator cooling intake air shall be located on the exterior of the building in accordance with NFPA 110 and a minimum of 5 feet from the property line and may be located within an open or enclosed parking garage with sufficient exterior permanent opening area to provide the intake air.

915.4.2 Air outlets. Air outlet opening locations shall comply with the following:

1. Combustion exhaust shall be located on the exterior of the building in accordance with Section 501.3.1 Item 2 for product conveying exhaust.

2. Radiator cooling outlet air shall be located a minimum of 5 feet from the property line and may be discharged into an open or enclosed parking garage with sufficient exterior permanent opening area to relieve heat from the generator.

1001.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the installation, alteration and repair of boilers, water heaters and pressure vessels.

1101.2 Factory-built equipment and appliances.Listed and labeled self-contained, factory-built equipment and appliances shall be tested in accordance with UL 207, 412, 471, 1995, or 60335-2-40. Such equipment and appliances are deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code if installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's instructions.

1101.6 General. Refrigeration systems shall comply with the requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15. Ammonia-refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15, IIAR 2, IIAR 3, IIAR 4, and IIAR 25.

1105.6.3 Ventilation rate. For other than ammonia systems, the mechanical ventilation systems shall be capable of exhausting the minimum quantity of air both at normal operating and emergency conditions, as required by Sections 1105.6.3.1 and 1105.6.3.2. The minimum required emergency ventilation rate for ammonia shall be 30 air changes per hour and the room conditions shall be in accordance with IIAR2. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed to produce the emergency ventilation rate and to obtain a reduced airflow for normal ventilation.

1106.5.2 Emergency ventilation system. An emergency ventilation system shall be provided at the minimum exhaust rate specified in ASHRAE 15 or Table 1106.5.2. Shutdown of the emergency ventilation system shall be by manual means.

1209.5 Thermal barrier required. Radiant floor heating and snow melt systems shall be provided with a thermal barrier in accordance with Sections 1209.5.1 and 1209.5.2. Concrete slab-on-grade, asphalt and paver-system type pavements shall have a minimum of R-10 insulation installed under the area to be snow melted, or R-5 insulation shall be installed under and at the slab edges of the area to be snow melted. The insulation shall be located underneath the snow and ice melt hydronic piping or cable and along all edges of the pavement where the snow and ice melt system is installed in accordance with the snow and ice melt manufacturer's instructions. Insulation R-values for slab-on-grade and suspended floor insulation shall be in accordance with the Washington State Energy Code.

1210.7.6 Expansion tanks. Shutoff valves shall be installed at connections to expansion tanks. A method of draining the expansion tank downstream of the shutoff valve shall be provided.

1209.5 Insulation and thermal break required. Radiant floor heating and snow melt systems shall be provided with insulation and a thermal break in accordance with Sections 1209.5.1 and 1209.5.2. Concrete slab-on-grade, asphalt and paver-system type pavements shall have a minimum of R-10 insulation installed under the area to be snow melted, or R-5 insulation shall be installed under and at the slab edges of the area to be snow melted. The insulation shall be located underneath the snow and ice melt hydronic piping or cable and along all edges of the pavement where the snow and ice melt system is installed in accordance with the snow and ice melt manufacturer's instructions. Insulation R-values for slab-on-grade and suspended floor insulation shall be in accordance with the Washington State Energy Code.

1210.7.6 Expansion tanks. Shutoff valves shall be installed at connections to expansion tanks. A method of draining the expansion tank downstream of the shutoff valve shall be provided.