(1) The purpose of this chapter is to:

(a) Establish a uniform order of benefit determination under which plans pay claims;

(b) Reduce duplication of benefits by permitting a reduction of the benefits to be paid by plans that, under rules established by this chapter, do not have to pay their benefits first; and

(c) Provide greater efficiency in the processing of claims when a person is covered under more than one plan.

(2) This chapter does not require the use of coordination of benefits provisions in a plan. However, if a plan contains any provision for the reduction of benefits payable because of other insurance, it must be consistent with the requirements of this chapter. A plan of coverage designed to be supplementary over the underlying basic plan of coverage may provide coverage that is excess to the basic plan of coverage.

As used in this chapter, these words and terms have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

(1) "Allowable expense," except as outlined below means any health care expense, including coinsurance or copayments and without reduction for any applicable deductible, that is covered in full or in part by any of the plans covering the person. When coordinating benefits, any secondary plans must pay an amount which, together with the payment made by the primary plan, cannot be less than the same allowable expense as the secondary plan would have paid if it was the primary plan. In no event will a secondary plan be required to pay an amount in excess of its maximum benefit plus accrued savings. When medicare, Part A, Part B, Part C, or Part D is primary, medicare's allowable amount is the allowable expense.

(a) If an issuer is advised by a covered person that all plans covering the person are high-deductible health plans and the person intends to contribute to a health savings account established according to Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the primary high-deductible health plan's deductible is not an allowable expense, except for any health care expense incurred that may not be subject to the deductible as described in Section 223 (c)(2)(C) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(b) An expense or a portion of an expense that is not covered by any of the plans is not an allowable expense.

(c) The following are examples of expenses that are not allowable expenses:

(i) If a person is confined in a private hospital room, the difference between the cost of a semiprivate room in the hospital and the private room is not an allowable expense, unless one of the plans provides coverage for private hospital room expenses.

(ii) If a person is covered by two or more plans that compute their benefit payments on the basis of usual and customary fees or relative value schedule reimbursement or other similar reimbursement method, any amount charged by the provider in excess of the highest reimbursement amount for a specified benefit is not an allowable expense.

(iii) If a person is covered by two or more plans that provide benefits or services on the basis of negotiated fees, any amount in excess of the highest of the negotiated fees is not an allowable expense.

(d) The definition of "allowable expense" may exclude certain types of coverage or benefits such as dental care, vision care, prescription drugs or hearing aids. A plan that limits the application of COB to certain coverages or benefits may limit the definition of allowable expense in its contract to expenses that are similar to the expenses that it provides. When COB is restricted to specific coverages or benefits in a contract, the definition of allowable expense must include similar expenses to which COB applies.

(e) When a plan provides benefits in the form of services, the reasonable cash value of each service will be considered an allowable expense and a benefit paid.

(f) If a secondary plan has been informed of the payment made by the primary plan but has not been informed of the amount of the primary plan's allowable expense within the period set forth in WAC 284-51-215 (2)(c), the secondary plan may use its allowable expense as the highest allowable expense.

(2) "Birthday" refers only to the month and day in a calendar year and does not include the year in which the individual is born.

(3) "Claim" means a request that benefits of a plan be provided or paid. The benefits claimed may be in the form of:

(a) Services (including supplies);

(b) Payment for all or a portion of the expenses incurred;

(c) A combination of (a) and (b) of this subsection; or

(d) An indemnification.

(4) "Claim determination period" means calendar year.

(5) "Closed panel plan" means a plan that provides health benefits to covered persons in the form of services primarily through a panel of providers that are employed by the plan, and that excludes benefits for services provided by other providers, except in cases of emergency or referral by a panel member.

(6) "Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985" or "COBRA" means coverage provided under a right of continuation according to federal law.

(7) "Coordination of benefits" or "COB" means a provision establishing the order that plans pay their claims, and permitting secondary plans to reduce their benefits so that the combined benefits of all plans do not exceed total allowable expenses.

(8) "Custodial parent" means:

(a) The parent awarded custody of a child by a court decree; or

(b) In the absence of a court decree, the parent with whom the child resides more than one-half of the calendar year without regard to any temporary visitation; or

(c) In cases where a court decree awards more than half of the calendar year's residential time to one parent without the use of "custodial" terminology, the parent to whom the greater residential time is awarded.

(9) "High-deductible health plan" has the meaning given the term under Section 223 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003.

(10)(a) "Hospital indemnity benefits" or "hospital fixed payment plan" means benefits not related to expenses incurred.

(b) "Hospital indemnity benefits" or "hospital fixed payment plan" does not include reimbursement-type benefits even if they are designed or administered to give the insured the right to elect indemnity-type benefits at the time of claim.

(11) "Issuer" means a disability carrier, health care service contractor, health maintenance organization, and any other entity issuing a plan as defined in this chapter.

(12) "Plan" means a form of coverage with which coordination is allowed. Separate parts of a plan for members of a group that are provided through alternative contracts that are intended to be part of a coordinated package of benefits are considered one plan and there is no COB among the separate parts of the plan.

(a) If a plan coordinates benefits, its contract must state the types of coverage that will be considered in applying the COB provision of that contract. Whether the contract uses the term "plan" or some other term such as "program," the contractual definition may be no broader than the definition of "plan" in this subsection.

(b) "Plan" includes:

(i) Group, individual or blanket disability insurance contracts, and group or individual contracts marketed by issuers as defined in this chapter;

(ii) Closed panel plans or other forms of group or individual coverage;

(iii) The medical care components of long-term care contracts, such as skilled nursing care; and

(iv) Medicare or other governmental benefits, as permitted by law, except as provided in (c)(vii) of this subsection. That part of the definition of plan may be limited to the hospital, medical and surgical benefits of the governmental program.

(c) "Plan" does not include:

(i) Hospital indemnity or fixed payment coverage benefits or other fixed indemnity or payment coverage;

(ii) Accident only coverage;

(iii) Specified disease or specified accident coverage;

(iv) Limited benefit health coverage, as defined in WAC 284-50-370;

(v) School accident and similar coverages that cover students for accidents only, including athletic injuries, either on a twenty-four-hour basis or on a "to and from school" basis;

(vi) Benefits provided in long-term care insurance policies for nonmedical services, for example, personal care, adult day care, homemaker services, assistance with activities of daily living, respite care and custodial care or for contracts that pay a fixed daily benefit without regard to expenses incurred or the receipt of services;

(vii) Medicare supplement policies;

(viii) A state plan under medicaid;

(ix) A governmental plan, which, by law, provides benefits that are in excess of those of any private insurance plan or other nongovernmental plan;

(x) Automobile insurance policies required by statute to provide medical benefits;

(xi) Benefits provided as part of a direct agreement with a direct patient-provider primary care practice as defined at section 3, chapter 267, Laws of 2007.

(13) "Policyholder" means the primary insured named in a nongroup insurance policy.

(14) "Primary plan" means a plan whose benefits for a person's health care coverage must be determined without taking the existence of any other plan into consideration. A plan subject to this chapter is a primary plan if:

(a) The plan either has no order of benefit determination rules, or its rules differ from those permitted by this chapter; or

(b) All plans that cover the person use the order of benefit determination rules required by this chapter, and under those rules the plan determines its benefits first.

(15) "Secondary plan" means a plan that is not a primary plan.

(1) WAC 284-51-255, Appendix A contains a model COB provision for use in contracts. The use of this model COB provision is subject to the provisions of subsections (2), (3), and (4) of this section and to the provisions of this chapter.

(2) WAC 284-51-260, Appendix B is a plain language description of the COB process that explains to the covered person how health plans will implement coordination of benefits. It is not intended to replace or change the provisions that are in the contract. Its purpose is to explain the process to be used by two or more plans to pay for or provide benefits as allowed by the provisions of this chapter.

(3) Issuers need not use the specific words and format provided in WAC 284-51-255 and the plain language explanation in WAC 284-51-260. Editing changes may be made by the issuer to fit the language and style of the rest of its contract or to reflect differences among plans that provide services, that pay benefits for expenses incurred and that indemnify. Modifications may be made provided they do not conflict with the requirements of this chapter.

(4) A COB provision may not be used that permits a plan to reduce its benefits on the basis that:

(a) Another plan exists and the covered person did not enroll in that plan;

(b) A person could have been covered under another plan; or

(c) A person has elected an option under another plan providing a lower level of benefits than another option that could have been elected.

(5) No plan may contain a provision that its benefits are "always excess" or "always secondary" except under the rules permitted in this chapter.

(6) No plan may use a COB provision, or any other provision that allows it to reduce its benefits with respect to any other coverage its insured may have that does not meet the definition of plan as defined in this chapter.

(7) If a person has met the requirements for coverage under the primary plan, a closed panel plan in secondary position must pay benefits as if the covered person had met the requirements of the closed panel plan. Further, coordination of benefits may occur during the claim determination period even where there are no savings in the closed panel plan.

(1) When a person is covered by two or more plans, the rules for determining the order of benefit payments are as follows:

(a) The primary plan must pay or provide its benefits as if the secondary plan or plans did not exist.

(b) If the primary plan is a closed panel plan and the secondary plan is not a closed panel plan, the secondary plan must pay or provide benefits as if it were the primary plan when a covered person uses a nonpanel provider, except for emergency services or authorized referrals that are paid or provided by the primary plan.

(c) When multiple contracts providing coordinated coverage are treated as a single plan under this chapter, this section applies only to the plan as a whole, and coordination among the component contracts is governed by the terms of the contracts. If more than one issuer pays or provides benefits under the plan, the issuer designated as primary within the plan is responsible for the plan's compliance with this chapter.

(d) If a person is covered by more than one secondary plan, the order of benefit determination rules of this chapter decide the order in which secondary plans' benefits are determined in relation to each other. Each secondary plan must take into consideration the benefits of the primary plan or plans and the benefits of any other plan, which, under the rules of this chapter, has its benefits determined before those of that secondary plan.

(2)(a) Except as provided in (b) of this subsection, a plan that does not contain order of benefit determination provisions that are consistent with this chapter is always the primary plan unless the provisions of both plans, regardless of the provisions of this section, state that the complying plan is primary.

(b) Coverage that is obtained by virtue of membership in a group and designed to supplement a part of a basic package of benefits may provide that the supplementary coverage is excess to any other parts of the plan provided by the contract holder. Examples include major medical coverages that are superimposed over base plan hospital and surgical benefits, and insurance coverages that are written in connection with a closed panel plan to provide out-of-network benefits.

(3) A plan may take into consideration the benefits paid or provided by another plan only when, under the rules of this chapter, it is secondary to that other plan.

(4) Order of benefit determination. Each plan determines its order of benefits using the first of the following rules that applies:

(a) Nondependent or dependent.

(i) Subject to (a)(ii) of this subsection, the plan that covers the person other than as a dependent, for example as an employee, member, subscriber, policyholder or retiree, is the primary plan and the plan that covers the person as a dependent is the secondary plan.

(ii)(A) If the person is a medicare beneficiary, and, as a result of the provisions of Title XVIII of the Social Security Act and implementing regulations, medicare is:

(I) Secondary to the plan covering the person as a dependent; and

(II) Primary to the plan covering the person as other than a dependent (e.g., a retired employee);

(B) Then the order of benefits is reversed so that the plan covering the person as an employee, member, subscriber, policyholder or retiree is the secondary plan and the other plan covering the person as a dependent is the primary plan.

(b) Dependent child covered under more than one plan. Unless there is a court decree stating otherwise, plans covering a dependent child must determine the order of benefits as follows:

(i) For a dependent child whose parents are married or are living together, whether or not they have ever been married:

(A) The plan of the parent whose birthday falls earlier in the calendar year is the primary plan; or

(B) If both parents have the same birthday, the plan that has covered the parent longest is the primary plan.

(ii) For a dependent child whose parents are divorced or separated or are not living together, whether or not they have ever been married:

(A) If a court decree states that one of the parents is responsible for the dependent child's health care expenses or health care coverage and the plan of that parent has actual knowledge of those terms, that plan is primary. If the parent with responsibility has no health care coverage for the dependent child's health care expenses, but that parent's spouse does, that parent's spouse's plan is the primary plan. This does not apply to any plan year during which benefits are paid or provided before the plan has actual knowledge of the court decree provision;

(B) If a court decree states one parent is to assume primary financial responsibility for the dependent child but does not mention responsibility for health care expenses, the plan of the parent assuming financial responsibility is primary;

(C) If a court decree states that both parents are responsible for the dependent child's health care expenses or health care coverage, the provisions of (b)(i) of this subsection determine the order of benefits;

(D) If a court decree states that the parents have joint custody without specifying that one parent has financial responsibility or responsibility for the health care expenses or health care coverage of the dependent child, the provisions of (b)(i) of this subsection determine the order of benefits; or

(E) If there is no court decree allocating responsibility for the child's health care expenses or health care coverage, the order of benefits for the child is as follows:

(I) The plan covering the custodial parent, first;

(II) The plan covering the custodial parent's spouse, second;

(III) The plan covering the noncustodial parent, third; and then

(IV) The plan covering the noncustodial parent's spouse, last.

(iii) For a dependent child covered under more than one plan of individuals who are not the parents of the child, the order of benefits is determined, as applicable, under (b)(i) or (ii) of this subsection as if those individuals were parents of the child.

(c) Active employee or retired or laid-off employee.

(i) The plan that covers a person as an active employee that is, an employee who is neither laid off nor retired or as a dependent of an active employee is the primary plan. The plan covering that same person as a retired or laid-off employee or as a dependent of a retired or laid-off employee is the secondary plan.

(ii) If the other plan does not have this rule, and as a result, the plans do not agree on the order of benefits, this rule does not apply.

(iii) This provision does not apply if the provision in (a) of this subsection can determine the order of benefits.

(d) COBRA or state continuation coverage.

(i) If a person whose coverage is provided under COBRA or under a right of continuation according to state or other federal law is covered under another plan, the plan covering the person as an employee, member, subscriber or retiree or covering the person as a dependent of an employee, member, subscriber or retiree is the primary plan and the plan covering that same person under COBRA or under a right of continuation according to state or other federal law is the secondary plan.

(ii) If the other plan does not have this rule, and if, as a result, the plans do not agree on the order of benefits, this rule does not apply.

(iii) This provision does not apply if the provision in (a) of this subsection can determine the order of benefits.

(e) Longer or shorter length of coverage.

(i) If the preceding rules do not determine the order of benefits, the plan that covered the person for the longer period of time is the primary plan and the plan that covered the person for the shorter period of time is the secondary plan.

(ii) To determine the length of time a person has been covered under a plan, two successive plans are treated as one if the covered person was eligible under the second plan within twenty-four hours after coverage under the first plan ended.

(iii) The start of a new plan does not include:

(A) A change in the amount or scope of a plan's benefits;

(B) A change in the entity that pays, provides or administers the plan's benefits; or

(C) A change from one type of plan to another, such as, from a single employer plan to a multiple employer plan.

(iv) The person's length of time covered under a plan is measured from the person's first date of coverage under that plan. If that date is not readily available for a group plan, the date the person first became a member of the group must be used as the date to determine the length of time the person's coverage under the present plan has been in force.

(f) If none of the preceding rules determines the order of benefits, the allowable expenses must be shared equally between the plans.

Issuers must use the following claims administration practices to expedite claim payments where coordination of benefits is involved:

(1) Claim personnel must participate in continuing education programs.

(2) All requests for information must be handled in an accurate and prompt manner by the inquiring issuer and the responding issuer, including the disclosure of the amounts allowed and paid or to be paid by the primary plan for each claim.

(3) Claim personnel of all issuers, whether primary or secondary, must make every reasonable effort, including use of the telephone or email, to speed up exchange of coordination of benefits information. Delay of payment for lack of complete coordination of benefits information does not constitute a reasonable effort and compliance with WAC 284-51-215 is required.

(1) Each issuer must establish time limits for payment of a claim and may not unreasonably delay payment through the application of a coordination of benefits provision. Time limits established by a primary plan must be no less favorable than those contained in WAC 284-170-431. Primary plans must pay ninety-five percent of clean claims subject to this chapter within thirty calendar days of receipt or of determining they are the primary plan, and must pay all clean claims subject to this chapter within sixty calendar days of receipt or of determining they are the primary plan. Any time limit established by a secondary plan that is in excess of thirty days from receipt of a claim, with the primary plan's explanation of benefit information or other primary payment details needed to process the claim, will be considered unreasonable. The deadlines established in this subsection may be extended for the length of time a primary or secondary plan must wait for information needed from the provider (e.g., medical records) or from the enrollee (e.g., motor vehicle accident information), in order to adjudicate the claim.

(2) The specific time limits for coordination of benefits processing include:

(a) When an issuer has been notified that more than one plan covers an enrollee who has submitted a claim, the issuer shall resolve with the other plan in not more than thirty calendar days which plan is primary. This deadline may be extended in situations involving court orders for dependent coverage, if the court order contains information needed to determine which plan is primary and has not been provided to the issuer. If agreement cannot be reached, both plans shall pay as set forth in WAC 284-51-205 (4)(f).

(b) Once the primary plan and secondary plan have been established, if the secondary plan receives a claim without the primary plan's explanation of benefit information or other primary payment details needed to process the claim, including at least the paid amount and the allowed amount, the secondary plan will notify the submitting provider and/or enrollee as soon as possible and within thirty calendar days of receipt of the claim, that the secondary claim is incomplete without such primary plan information. The secondary plan will promptly process the claim after it has been resubmitted with the explanation of benefit information from the primary payer.

(c) If a primary plan has not adjudicated a claim within sixty calendar days of receipt of the claim and all supporting documentation, and if the primary plan is not waiting for information from the provider (e.g., medical records) or from the enrollee (e.g., motor vehicle accident information), needed to adjudicate the claim, the provider or enrollee may submit the claim and notice of the primary plan's failure to pay to the secondary plan which shall pay the provider's claim as primary within thirty calendar days.

(3) When payment is necessarily delayed for reasons other than the application of a coordination of benefits provision, investigation of other plan coverage must be conducted concurrently to avoid delay in the ultimate payment of benefits. Any issuer that is required by the time limit in subsection (2) of this section to make payment as the primary plan may exercise its rights under its "right of recovery" provision for recovery of any excess payments. After payment information is received from the primary plan, the secondary plan may recover any excess amount paid under its "right of recovery" provision.

(4) The provisions in this section do not apply when medicare is the primary payer; in such cases federal medicare law governs.

A plan providing for coordination of benefits must contain a "facility of payment" provision substantially as follows: "If payments that should have been made under this plan are made by another plan, the issuer has the right, at its discretion, to remit to the other plan the amount it determines appropriate to satisfy the intent of this provision. To the extent of such payments, the issuer is fully discharged from liability under this plan."

A plan providing for coordination of benefits must contain a "right of recovery" provision substantially as follows: "The issuer has the right to recover excess payment whenever it has paid allowable expenses in excess of the maximum amount of payment necessary to satisfy the intent of this provision. The issuer may recover excess payment from any person, other issuer or plan that has received payment.

(1) In determining the amount to be paid by the secondary plan on a claim, should the plan wish to coordinate benefits, the secondary plan must make payment in an amount so that, when combined with the amount paid by the primary plan, the total benefits paid or provided by all plans for the claim equal one hundred percent of the total allowable expense for that claim. However, in no event shall the secondary carrier be required to pay an amount in excess of its maximum benefit plus accrued savings. In no event should the enrollee be responsible for a deductible amount greater than the highest of the two deductibles.

(2) If a plan by its terms contains gatekeeper requirements as defined in subsection (3) of this section, and a person fails to comply with such requirements, these provisions will have the following effect in the absence of an alternative procedure agreed upon between both plans and the covered person:

(a) If the plan is secondary, all secondary gatekeeper requirements will be waived if the gatekeeper requirements of the primary plan have been met.

(b) If the primary plan becomes secondary during a course of treatment, the new primary plan must make reasonable provision for continuity of care if one or more treating providers are not in the new primary plan's network.

(3) For the purpose of this section, "gatekeeper requirements" means any requirement that an otherwise eligible person must fulfill prior to receiving the benefits of a plan. These requirements include but are not limited to use of network providers, prior authorization, primary care physician referrals, or other similar case management requirements.

(4) When a plan is secondary, it may reduce its benefits so that the total benefits paid or provided by all plans during a claim determination period do not exceed one hundred percent of the total allowable expenses. The secondary plan must calculate its savings by subtracting the amount that it paid as a secondary plan from the amount it would have paid had it been primary. These savings are recorded as a benefit reserve for the covered person and must be used by the secondary plan to pay any allowable expenses not otherwise paid, that are incurred by the covered person during the claim determination period. As each claim is submitted, the issuer of the secondary plan must:

(a) Determine its obligation under its plan;

(b) Determine whether a benefit reserve has been recorded for the covered person; and

(c) Determine whether there are any unpaid allowable expenses during that claims determination period.

(d) Use any amount that has accrued in the covered person's recorded benefit reserve to make payment so that one hundred percent of the total allowable expenses incurred are paid during the claim determination period.

A plan must include the following statement in the enrollee contract or booklet provided to covered persons:

"If you are covered by more than one health benefit plan, and you do not know which is your primary plan, you or your provider should contact any one of the health plans to verify which plan is primary. The health plan you contact is responsible for working with the other plan to determine which is primary and will let you know within thirty calendar days.

caution: All health plans have timely claim filing requirements. If you or your provider fail to submit your claim to a secondary health plan within that plan's claim filing time limit, the plan can deny the claim. If you experience delays in the processing of your claim by the primary health plan, you or your provider will need to submit your claim to the secondary health plan within its claim filing time limit to prevent a denial of the claim.

To avoid delays in claims processing, if you are covered by more than one plan you should promptly report to your providers and plans any changes in your coverage."

In appropriate cases, issuers are encouraged to waive the investigation of possible other plan coverage on claims less than fifty dollars. However, if additional liability is incurred which raises the claim above fifty dollars, the entire liability may be included in the coordination of benefits computation.

(1) A secondary plan that provides benefits in the form of services may recover the reasonable cash value of the services from the primary plan, to the extent that benefits for the services are covered by the primary plan and have not already been paid or provided by the primary plan. Nothing in this provision requires a plan to reimburse a covered person in cash for the value of services provided by a plan that provides benefits in the form of services.

(2)(a) A plan with order of benefit determination rules that comply with this chapter (complying plan) may coordinate its benefits with a plan that is "excess" or "always secondary" or that uses order of benefit determination rules that are inconsistent with those contained in this chapter (noncomplying plan) on the following basis:

(i) If the complying plan is the primary plan, it must pay or provide its benefits first;

(ii) If the complying plan is the secondary plan under the order of benefit determination in this chapter, it must pay or provide its benefits first, but the amount of the benefits payable must be determined as if the complying plan were the secondary plan. In this situation, the payment is the limit of the complying plan's liability; and

(iii) If the noncomplying plan does not provide the information needed by the complying plan to determine its benefits within forty-five days after the date on the letter making the request, the complying plan may assume the benefits of the noncomplying plan are identical to its own, and pay its benefits accordingly. If, within twenty-four months after payment, the complying plan receives information as to the actual benefits of the noncomplying plan, it must adjust payments accordingly between the plans.

(b) If the noncomplying plan reduces its benefits so that the covered person receives less in benefits than the covered person would have received had the complying plan paid or provided its benefits as the secondary plan and the noncomplying plan paid or provided its benefits as the primary plan, and governing state law allows the right of subrogation outlined below, then the complying plan may advance to the covered person or on behalf of the covered person an amount equal to the difference.

(c) In no event may the complying plan advance more than the complying plan would have paid had it been the primary plan less any amount it previously paid for the same expense or service. In consideration of the advance, the complying plan is subrogated to all rights of the covered person against the noncomplying plan. The advance by the complying plan must be without prejudice to any claim it may have against a noncomplying plan in the absence of subrogation.

(3) COB differs from subrogation. Provisions for one may be included in plans without compelling the inclusion or exclusion of the other.

(4) If the plans cannot agree on the order of benefits within thirty calendar days after the plans have received the information needed to pay the claim, the plans must immediately pay the claim in equal shares and determine their relative liabilities following payment. No plan is required to pay more than it would have paid had it been the primary plan.

This chapter applies to all plans, as defined in WAC 284-51-195 that are issued, amended or renewed after December 31, 2007. All plans issued prior to January 1, 2008 must be compliant with this chapter on that date.

The coordination of benefits (COB) provision applies when a person has health care coverage under more than one plan. Plan is defined below.

The order of benefit determination rules govern the order in which each plan will pay a claim for benefits. The plan that pays first is called the primary plan. The primary plan must pay benefits according to its policy terms without regard to the possibility that another plan may cover some expenses. The plan that pays after the primary plan is the secondary plan. The secondary plan may reduce the benefits it pays so that payments from all plans do not exceed 100% of the total allowable expense.

A. A plan is any of the following that provides benefits or services for medical or dental care or treatment. If separate contracts are used to provide coordinated coverage for members of a group, the separate contracts are considered parts of the same plan and there is no COB among those separate contracts. However, if COB rules do not apply to all contracts, or to all benefits in the same contract, the contract or benefit to which COB does not apply is treated as a separate plan.

(1) Plan includes: Group, individual or blanket disability insurance contracts, and group or individual contracts issued by health care service contractors or health maintenance organizations (HMO), closed panel plans or other forms of group coverage; medical care components of long-term care contracts, such as skilled nursing care; and medicare or any other federal governmental plan, as permitted by law.

(2) Plan does not include: Hospital indemnity or fixed payment coverage or other fixed indemnity or fixed payment coverage; accident only coverage; specified disease or specified accident coverage; limited benefit health coverage, as defined by state law; school accident type coverage; benefits for nonmedical components of long-term care policies; automobile insurance policies required by statute to provide medical benefits; medicare supplement policies; medicaid coverage; or coverage under other federal governmental plans, unless permitted by law.

Each contract for coverage under (1) or (2) is a separate plan. If a plan has two parts and COB rules apply only to one of the two, each of the parts is treated as a separate plan.

B. This plan means, in a COB provision, the part of the contract providing the health care benefits to which the COB provision applies and which may be reduced because of the benefits of other plans. Any other part of the contract providing health care benefits is separate from this plan. A contract may apply one COB provision to certain benefits, such as dental benefits, coordinating only with similar benefits, and may apply another COB provision to coordinate other benefits.

C. The order of benefit determination rules determine whether this plan is a primary plan or secondary plan when the person has health care coverage under more than one plan.

When this plan is primary, it determines payment for its benefits first before those of any other plan without considering any other plan's benefits. When this plan is secondary, it determines its benefits after those of another plan and must make payment in an amount so that, when combined with the amount paid by the primary plan, the total benefits paid or provided by all plans for the claim equal 100% of the total allowable expense for that claim. This means that when this plan is secondary, it must pay the amount which, when combined with what the primary plan paid, totals 100% of the highest allowable expense. In addition, if this plan is secondary, it must calculate its savings (its amount paid subtracted from the amount it would have paid had it been the primary plan) and record these savings as a benefit reserve for the covered person. This reserve must be used to pay any expenses during that calendar year, whether or not they are an allowable expense under this plan. If this plan is secondary, it will not be required to pay an amount in excess of its maximum benefit plus any accrued savings.

D. Allowable expense is a health care expense, including deductibles, coinsurance and copayments, that is covered at least in part by any plan covering the person. When a plan provides benefits in the form of services, the reasonable cash value of each service will be considered an allowable expense and a benefit paid. An expense that is not covered by any plan covering the person is not an allowable expense.

The following are examples of expenses that are not allowable expenses:

(1) The difference between the cost of a semi-private hospital room and a private hospital room is not an allowable expense, unless one of the plans provides coverage for private hospital room expenses.

(2) If a person is covered by two or more plans that compute their benefit payments on the basis of usual and customary fees or relative value schedule reimbursement method or other similar reimbursement method, any amount in excess of the highest reimbursement amount for a specific benefit is not an allowable expense.

(3) If a person is covered by two or more plans that provide benefits or services on the basis of negotiated fees, an amount in excess of the highest of the negotiated fees is not an allowable expense.

E. Closed panel plan is a plan that provides health care benefits to covered persons in the form of services through a panel of providers who are primarily employed by the plan, and that excludes coverage for services provided by other providers, except in cases of emergency or referral by a panel member.

F. Custodial parent is the parent awarded custody by a court decree or, in the absence of a court decree, is the parent with whom the child resides more than one half of the calendar year excluding any temporary visitation.

When a person is covered by two or more plans, the rules for determining the order of benefit payments are as follows:

A. The primary plan pays or provides its benefits according to its terms of coverage and without regard to the benefits under any other plan.

B. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2), a plan that does not contain a coordination of benefits provision that is consistent with this chapter is always primary unless the provisions of both plans state that the complying plan is primary.

(2) Coverage that is obtained by virtue of membership in a group that is designed to supplement a part of a basic package of benefits and provides that this supplementary coverage is excess to any other parts of the plan provided by the contract holder. Examples include major medical coverages that are superimposed over hospital and surgical benefits, and insurance type coverages that are written in connection with a closed panel plan to provide out-of-network benefits.

C. A plan may consider the benefits paid or provided by another plan in calculating payment of its benefits only when it is secondary to that other plan.

D. Each plan determines its order of benefits using the first of the following rules that apply:

(1) Nondependent or dependent. The plan that covers the person other than as a dependent, for example as an employee, member, policyholder, subscriber or retiree is the primary plan and the plan that covers the person as a dependent is the secondary plan. However, if the person is a medicare beneficiary and, as a result of federal law, medicare is secondary to the plan covering the person as a dependent, and primary to the plan covering the person as other than a dependent (e.g., a retired employee), then the order of benefits between the two plans is reversed so that the plan covering the person as an employee, member, policyholder, subscriber or retiree is the secondary plan and the other plan is the primary plan.

(2) Dependent child covered under more than one plan. Unless there is a court decree stating otherwise, when a dependent child is covered by more than one plan the order of benefits is determined as follows:

(a) For a dependent child whose parents are married or are living together, whether or not they have ever been married:

• The plan of the parent whose birthday falls earlier in the calendar year is the primary plan; or

• If both parents have the same birthday, the plan that has covered the parent the longest is the primary plan.

(b) For a dependent child whose parents are divorced or separated or not living together, whether or not they have ever been married:

(i) If a court decree states that one of the parents is responsible for the dependent child's health care expenses or health care coverage and the plan of that parent has actual knowledge of those terms, that plan is primary. This rule applies to claim determination periods commencing after the plan is given notice of the court decree;

(ii) If a court decree states one parent is to assume primary financial responsibility for the dependent child but does not mention responsibility for health care expenses, the plan of the parent assuming financial responsibility is primary;

(iii) If a court decree states that both parents are responsible for the dependent child's health care expenses or health care coverage, the provisions of subparagraph (a) above determine the order of benefits;

(iv) If a court decree states that the parents have joint custody without specifying that one parent has responsibility for the health care expenses or health care coverage of the dependent child, the provisions of subsection (a) above determine the order of benefits; or

(v) If there is no court decree allocating responsibility for the dependent child's health care expenses or health care coverage, the order of benefits for the child are as follows:

• The plan covering the custodial parent, first;

• The plan covering the spouse of the custodial parent, second;

• The plan covering the noncustodial parent, third; and then

• The plan covering the spouse of the noncustodial parent, last

(c) For a dependent child covered under more than one plan of individuals who are not the parents of the child, the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) above determine the order of benefits as if those individuals were the parents of the child.

(3) Active employee or retired or laid-off employee. The plan that covers a person as an active employee, that is, an employee who is neither laid off nor retired, is the primary plan. The plan covering that same person as a retired or laid-off employee is the secondary plan. The same would hold true if a person is a dependent of an active employee and that same person is a dependent of a retired or laid-off employee. If the other plan does not have this rule, and as a result, the plans do not agree on the order of benefits, this rule is ignored. This rule does not apply if the rule under section D(1) can determine the order of benefits.

(4) COBRA or state continuation coverage. If a person whose coverage is provided under COBRA or under a right of continuation provided by state or other federal law is covered under another plan, the plan covering the person as an employee, member, subscriber or retiree or covering the person as a dependent of an employee, member, subscriber or retiree is the primary plan and the COBRA or state or other federal continuation coverage is the secondary plan. If the other plan does not have this rule, and as a result, the plans do not agree on the order of benefits, this rule is ignored. This rule does not apply if the rule under section D(1) can determine the order of benefits.

(5) Longer or shorter length of coverage. The plan that covered the person as an employee, member, policyholder, subscriber or retiree longer is the primary plan and the plan that covered the person the shorter period of time is the secondary plan.

(6) If the preceding rules do not determine the order of benefits, the allowable expenses must be shared equally between the plans meeting the definition of plan. In addition, this plan will not pay more than it would have paid had it been the primary plan.

When this plan is secondary, it may reduce its benefits so that the total benefits paid or provided by all plans during a claim determination period are not more than the total allowable expenses. In determining the amount to be paid for any claim, the secondary plan must make payment in an amount so that, when combined with the amount paid by the primary plan, the total benefits paid or provided by all plans for the claim equal one hundred percent of the total allowable expense for that claim total allowable expense is the highest allowable expense of the primary plan or the secondary plan. In addition, the secondary plan must credit to its plan deductible any amounts it would have credited to its deductible in the absence of other health care coverage.

Certain facts about health care coverage and services are needed to apply these COB rules and to determine benefits payable under this plan and other plans. [Organization responsibility for COB administration] may get the facts it needs from or give them to other organizations or persons for the purpose of applying these rules and determining benefits payable under this plan and other plans covering the person claiming benefits. [Organization responsibility for COB administration] need not tell, or get the consent of, any person to do this. Each person claiming benefits under this plan must give [organization responsibility for COB administration] any facts it needs to apply those rules and determine benefits payable.

If payments that should have been made under this plan are made by another plan, the issuer has the right, at its discretion, to remit to the other plan the amount it determines appropriate to satisfy the intent of this provision. The amounts paid to the other plan are considered benefits paid under this plan. To the extent of such payments, the issuer is fully discharged from liability under this plan.

The issuer has the right to recover excess payment whenever it has paid allowable expenses in excess of the maximum amount of payment necessary to satisfy the intent of this provision. The issuer may recover excess payment from any person to whom or for whom payment was made or any other issuers or plans.

It is common for family members to be covered by more than one health care plan. This happens, for example, when a husband and wife both work and choose to have family coverage through both employers.

When you are covered by more than one health plan, state law permits issuers to follow a procedure called "coordination of benefits" to determine how much each should pay when you have a claim. The goal is to make sure that the combined payments of all plans do not add up to more than your covered health care expenses.

Coordination of benefits (COB) is complicated, and covers a wide variety of circumstances. This is only an outline of some of the most common ones. If your situation is not described, read your evidence of coverage or contact your state insurance department.

You will be asked to identify all the plans that cover members of your family. To avoid delays in claim processing, if you are covered by more than one plan you should promptly report to your providers and plans any changes in your coverage. We need this information to determine whether we are the "primary" or "secondary" benefit payer. The primary plan always pays first when you have a claim.

Any plan that does not contain your state's COB rules will always be primary.

If you or a family member is covered under another plan in addition to this one, we will be primary when:

• The claim is for your own health care expenses, unless you are covered by medicare and both you and your spouse are retired.

• The claim is for your spouse, who is covered by medicare, and you are not both retired.

• Your child's expenses. The claim is for the health care expenses of your child who is covered by this plan; and

• You are married and your birthday is earlier in the year than your spouse's or you are living with another individual, regardless of whether or not you have ever been married to that individual, and your birthday is earlier than that other individual's birthday. This is known as the "birthday rule"; or

• You are separated or divorced and you have informed us of a court decree that makes you responsible for the child's health care expenses; or

• There is no court decree, but you have custody of the child.

We will be primary when any other provisions of state or federal law require us to be.

When we are the primary plan, we will pay the benefits according to the terms of your contract, just as if you had no other health care coverage under any other plan.

When we are knowingly the secondary plan, we will make payment promptly after receiving payment information from your primary plan. Your primary plan, and we as your secondary plan, may ask you and/or your provider for information in order to make payment. To expedite payment, be sure that you and/or your provider supply the information in a timely manner.

If the primary plan fails to pay within sixty calendar days of receiving all necessary information from you and your provider, you and/or your provider may submit your claim for us to make payment as if we were your primary plan. In such situations, we are required to pay claims within thirty calendar days of receiving your claim and the notice that your primary plan has not paid. This provision does not apply if medicare is the primary plan. We may recover from the primary plan any excess amount paid under the "right of recovery" provision in the plan.

• If there is a difference between the amounts the plans allow, we will base our payment on the higher amount. However, if the primary plan has a contract with the provider, our combined payments will not be more than the amount called for in our contract or the amount called for in the contract of the primary plan, whichever is higher. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and health care service contractors usually have contracts with their providers as do some other plans.

• We will determine our payment by subtracting the amount paid by the primary plan from the amount we would have paid if we had been primary. We must make payment in an amount so that, when combined with the amount paid by the primary plan, the total benefits paid or provided by all plans for the claim equal to one hundred percent of the total allowable expense (the highest of the amounts allowed under each plan involved) for your claim. We are not required to pay an amount in excess of our maximum benefit plus any accrued savings. If your provider negotiates reimbursement amounts with the plan(s) for the service provided, your provider may not bill you for any excess amounts once he/she has received payment for the highest of the negotiated amounts. When our deductible is fully credited, we will place any remaining amounts in a savings account to cover future claims which might not otherwise have been paid. For example, if the primary plan covers similar kinds of health care expenses, but allows expenses that we do not cover, we may pay for those expenses.