PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 09-05-054.
Title of Rule and Other Identifying Information: Amendment of chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code (WSEC).
Hearing Location(s): Holiday Inn Select Renton, One Grady Way South, Renton, WA, on September 29, 2009, at 10:00 a.m.; and at the Spokane City Council Chambers, West 808 Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA, on October 5, 2009, at 9:00 a.m.
Date of Intended Adoption: November 12, 2009.
Submit Written Comments to: Peter DeVries, Council Chair, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 98504-2525, e-mail sbcc@commerce.wa.gov, fax (360) 586-9383, by October 5, 2009.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Sue Mathers by September 15, 2009, TTY (360) 586-0772 or (360) 725-2966.
Purpose of the Proposal and Its Anticipated Effects, Including Any Changes in Existing Rules: The proposed rules amend the WSEC. The WSEC has been extensively revised and reformatted. The council received a request from Governor Gregoire to increase stringency over the 2006 Energy Code by 30%, in keeping with the recommendations from the climate action team. The council is also working on transitioning to the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and some initial reformatting changes have been incorporated to assist in that effort. In addition, the Energy Policy Act and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act require that states meet minimum standards for energy codes, the IECC for residential buildings and ASHRAE 90.1 for commercial buildings. Modifications were made to the WSEC to bring stringency values up to the most recent edition of these national model codes. The following is a list of the major changes to the WSEC. General changes to update referenced standards, terminology, or providing editorial changes are not noted below.
Chapter 1: The scope of the residential portion (Chapters 1-6) of the WSEC is changed to cover only buildings constructed under the International Residential Code (IRC), now referred to as "Single-Family Residential." All other residential construction would need to comply with Chapters 11 through 15 (throughout).
References are added for the new Chapter 9 requirements (Section 101.2).
When existing HVAC equipment is updated, the ducts associated with those systems must be tested (Section 101.3.2.6).
A list of insulation R-values and glazing U-factors and SHGCs is required to be posted near electrical panel (Section 101.5).
Chapter 2: Definitions have been added and modified to conform to proposed changes.
Chapter 3: Outdoor design temperatures have been added to the code to eliminate the need to go to an additional reference document (Section 302).
The VIAQ is proposed to be integrated into the IRC, so the references are updated to reflect that proposal (Section 303).
Chapter 4: Provisions for space cooling and domestic hot water are added to the systems analysis requirements (Section 402).
See also Chapter 9.
Chapter 5: References to new Chapter 9 requirements are added (throughout).
Insulation details are updated to reflect best practices (Section 502/1311.2).
Unvented attic provisions went through public hearing last year and were approved by the council in January, but must sit through a legislative session prior to becoming effective (Sections 502.1.6.3/1313.2).
Requirements for air leakage control are added (Section 502.4.5).
Requirements for variable speed motors on air handling equipment are added (Section 503.4.1).
Requirements for controls have been expanded and revised (Section 503.8).
Duct leakage testing protocols have been modified (Section 503.10.2).
Water heaters must meet minimum efficiency requirements (Sections 504.2.1, 1440).
Swimming pool and spa provisions have been revised (Section 504.5).
Half of installed luminaires are required to have high efficacy lamps (Section 505.1).
Table 5-1 has been revised. Some requirements are more stringent, and the format is closer to that found in the IECC.
Tables 5-12/14-6 have been updated for consistency with national standards.
Chapter 6: Both climate zones share the same prescriptive table. References to Table 6-2 have been removed. Table 6-1 has been reduced to three paths.
See also Chapter 9.
Chapter 7: Reference standards have been updated. Two additional standards have been added for duct testing and commissioning.
Chapter 8: Systems analysis software listing has been updated.
Chapter 9: New Chapter 9 requires that single-family residences achieve additional energy savings through compliance with one or more of the listed options.
Chapter 10: Default tables have been expanded and updated for ease of use. Some values have been changed for consistency with national standards. The small business window default table was updated to provide paths for compliance with the proposed code. Duct sealing, testing required for both residential and nonresidential systems.
Chapter 11: All residential construction other than single-family and townhouses would need to comply with Chapters 11 through 15, along with all nonresidential construction.
Controls are required to integrate economizer operation on replaced space cooling equipment (1132.2).
The threshold for lighting alterations to comply with Chapter 15 has been lowered to 20% (Section 1132.3).
A threshold trigger has been added for building commissioning (Section 1135).
Chapter 12: A new chapter has been added to require specific building meters for certain building types.
Chapter 13: New requirements for cold and refrigerated storage have been added (Sections 1310, 1416, 1437, 1460-1465).
Requirements and testing for air leakage control and air barriers are added, including a requirement for vestibules (Section 1314).
Clarification added that area-weighted averaging of R-values is not allowed (Section 1322).
Requirement for low-e coating added for glazing assemblies (Section 1323).
New allowance for projection factor for window shading, allowing a reduced SHGC (Section 1323.3).
New restriction in use of Seattle EnvStd for showing compliance (Section 1331).
Tables 13-1 and 13-2 have been reformatted to look more like those found in the IECC and to incorporate Group R requirements. Stringency is also increased for some components. Glazing area reduced to 40% of wall area.
Chapter 14: New requirement for documentation of mechanical equipment efficiency ratings have been added (Section 1411).
New limitations placed on air-cooled chillers (Section 1411).
Method provided for rating nonstandard water-chilled systems (Section 141.2.1).
New requirements added for heating unenclosed spaces (Section 1411.5).
New lighting and HVAC control requirements added for hotel/motel guest rooms (Sections 1412.4, 1513.7).
New requirements for motorized dampers, damper controls (Section 1412.4.1).
Proposed lower threshold for optimum start controls, DCV systems (Section 1412.4.2, 1412.8).
New requirements for parking garage ventilation controls (Section 1412.9).
New requirements for duct testing proposed (Section 1414).
Requirements for building commissioning have been rewritten, and a new checklist provided (Section 1416).
Modification of qualifications for simple systems (Section 1421).
Modifications to economizer requirements, exceptions (Sections 1413, 1423, 1433).
New requirements for system sizing (Section 1421.1 and 1431.1).
New requirements for temperature reset controls (Section 1432.2).
New requirements for hydronic systems to reduce pump energy (Sections 1432.3, 1432.4).
Modifications to complex system controls (Sections 1432.5, 1435).
Expansion of requirements for heat recovery (Sections 1436, 1445, 1455).
Revised flow systems and extend variable speed drive requirements to motors 5 hp and above (Section 1438).
Revised requirements for exhaust systems (Section 1439).
Requirement for individual hot water meters in multi-family residential buildings (Section 1446).
Equipment efficiency tables updated (Tables 14-1A-G).
Revised tables for electric motor efficiency (Tables 14-4A, 14-4B).
Chapter 15: The lists of exempt spaces and exempt lighting equipment have been modified (Section 1512).
Daylighting, and the controls for daylight zones, have been modified to include primary and secondary zones (Section 1513.3 and the Definition of Daylight Zone).
New lighting and HVAC control requirements added for hotel/motel guest rooms (Sections 1412.4, 1513.7).
New requirements for controls of egress lighting (Section 1515).
Additional lighting power allowance table added for space-by-space calculations (Table 15-1B).
Lighting power allowance is decreased in most occupancy uses (Table 15-1A).
Table 15-2 revised for consistency with ASHRAE 90.1; divided into four exterior lighting zones (Tables 15-2A and 15-2B).
New section provided for regulation of, and controls for, moving walkways and escalators (Section 1550).
RS-29: RS-29 has been replaced with an amended version of ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G to make it more user-friendly and compatible with the LEED process.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045.
Statute Being Implemented: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: The council is seeking comments on the issues proposed in the rules shown below.
Name of Proponent: Washington state building code council, governmental.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Krista Braaksma, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 98504-2525, (360) 725-2964; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
A small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW.
Introduction: The state building code council is proposing to adopt the 2009 version of the Washington State Energy Code (chapter 51-11 WAC). The following sections were identified by the council's economic and regulatory assessment committee (ERAC) as having a potential disproportionate cost impact to small business:
| • | Tables 5-1 and 6-1 Envelope requirements (IRC buildings). |
| • | Section 502.4.5 Air leakage testing (IRC buildings). |
| • | Chapter 9 "Additional requirements" (IRC buildings). |
| • | Table 13, Envelope requirements, commercial buildings (all buildings except IRC buildings). |
| • | Section 1314.7 Air barrier (all buildings except IRC buildings). |
The IRC is the International Residential Code and covers one and two family dwellings and townhouses.
The council appointed a technical advisory group (TAG) to do a comprehensive review and analysis of proposed changes to the Washington State Energy Code, submitted to the council by March 1, 2009. The TAG held weekly meetings over a four month period. All proposed state amendments were examined. The TAG identified items with more than a minor first cost impact and referred these items to be reviewed by ERAC.
The council members and participants are [a] representative sample of individuals involved in the building construction industry. The participants included: Architects, home builders, building officials, contractors, fire officials, energy professionals, manufacturers, engineers, plumbers, state and local officials, inspectors, industry associations and organizations, companies and business, electricians, and the general public. See directory of TAG and council members.
Brief Description of Compliance Requirements:
Tables 5-1 and 6-1 Envelope requirements, (IRC buildings): The proposed rule amends the WSEC tables 5-1 and 6-1, building envelope requirements for IRC buildings, to increase energy efficiency by reducing heat loss and heat gain. The proposed rule increases insulation for floors, walls and roofs; decreases U value (thermal transmittance) for fenestration (windows and skylights); decreases U value for doors.
Reporting and record-keeping requirements: The proposed rule would not impact the reporting and/or record keeping required to comply. Reporting and record keeping would remain the same as the current rule.
Associated costs: Reports submitted to the TAG showed a cost of between $1 per square foot and $1.25 per square foot depending on the size of the house.
Associated costs of equipment, supplies, labor, professional services and administrative costs are included in the cost of compliance.
The TAG identified a disproportionate impact on small business window manufacturers to meet proposed vertical fenestration U values (thermal transmittance value). The cost of testing sample production units to meet National Fenestration Rating Council standards would be disproportionate due to the production process. A comparison per one hundred dollars of sales shows a disproportionate cost for small manufacturers to test and label product. Large window manufacturers, due to volume of production, have a cost per unit for testing and labeling disproportionately less compared to small business window manufacturers; the cost per testing and labeling custom window due to limited production lines has an impact at least ten times greater than large manufacturers and in fact makes production cost prohibitive and compliance with the rule impractical.
Lost sales or revenue: The proposal [proposed] rule is intended to decrease operating cost and create a market for energy efficient materials. The TAG identified a potential loss of sales and revenue for small business window manufacturers. Other measures apply equally to large and small business and would not create a disproportionate impact on revenue.
Section 502.4.5 Air leakage testing (IRC buildings): The proposed rule amends air leakage control provisions to require pressure testing the building.
Reporting and record-keeping requirements: The proposed rule adds a reporting and/or record-keeping element required to comply. Reporting and record keeping would include documentation of compliance with the rule. Cost of record keeping would apply equally to both large and small businesses.
Associated costs: Reports submitted to the TAG showed a cost for an average size home a minor cost of less than 1/4 of 1% of total construction cost to conduct the pressure test.
The TAG identified a possible disproportionate impact on small business window manufacturers to comply with the rule.
Associated costs of equipment, supplies, labor, professional services and administrative costs are included in the cost of compliance.
Lost sales or revenue: The proposed rule applies equally to both large and small businesses. The proposal [proposed] rule is intended to increase value and create sales and revenue for HVAC system testing. No disproportionate loss of sales or revenue for small businesses is expected.
Chapter 9 "Additional requirements" (IRC buildings): The proposed rule adds a new chapter to the WSEC for IRC buildings, requiring credits as a method to reduce energy use in residential construction. A set of options for credits provide a selection of building envelope, equipment, or renewable energy improvements.
Reporting and record-keeping requirements: The proposed rule adds a reporting and/or record-keeping element required to comply. Reporting and record keeping would include documentation of credit options used to comply with the rule. Cost of record keeping would be minimal.
Associated costs: Reports submitted to the TAG showed a cost for an average size home between 1% and 3% of construction cost. The economic analysis submitted with the proposal estimates the home buyer will experience a positive cash flow in the second year of ownership, based on energy savings.
Associated costs of equipment, supplies, labor, professional services and administrative costs are included in the cost of compliance.
Lost sales or revenue: The proposed rule applies equally to both large and small businesses. The proposal [proposed] rule is intended to increase value and create a market for high efficiency and renewable energy equipment. No disproportionate loss of sales or revenue for small businesses is expected.
Table 13 Envelope requirements, (non-IRC buildings): The proposed changes to chapter 13 tables of the WSEC, building envelope requirements for non-IRC buildings, are intended to increase energy efficiency by reducing heat loss and heat gain. The proposed rule increases insulation for floors, walls and roofs; decreases U value (thermal transmittance) for fenestration (windows and skylights); decreases U value for doors.
Reporting and record-keeping requirements: The proposed rule would not impact the reporting and/or record keeping required to comply. Reporting and record keeping would remain the same as the current rule.
Associated costs: Associated costs of equipment, supplies, labor, professional services and administrative costs are included in the cost of compliance.
The TAG determined based on modifications to this item the first cost would be up to 1% of total construction cost.
The TAG identified a disproportionate impact on small business manufacturers to meet proposed vertical fenestration U values (thermal transmittance value). The cost of testing sample production units to meet National Fenestration Rating Council standards would be disproportionate due to the production process. A comparison per one hundred dollars of sales shows a disproportionate cost for small manufacturers to test and label product. Large window manufacturers, due to volume of production, have a cost per unit for testing and labeling disproportionately less compared to small business window manufacturers; the cost per testing and labeling custom window due to limited production lines has an impact at least ten times greater than large manufacturers and in fact makes production cost prohibitive and compliance with the rule impractical.
The Concrete Masonry Association testified that the proposed change to mass wall U value would be a major cost impact to small business suppliers and installers. In a study on a typical large retail occupancy constructed of concrete masonry block, the cost exceeded 1% of construction cost, and the benefit in energy savings did not recover the cost.
Lost sales or revenue: The proposed rule applies equally to both large and small businesses. The proposal [proposed] rule is based on nationally recognized standards which are in current practice in this industry. No disproportionate loss of sales or revenue for small businesses is expected.
Section 1314.7 Continuous Air barrier (non-IRC buildings): For buildings over five stories, the proposed rule requires the building envelope be designed and constructed with a continuous air barrier to control air leakage into, or out of, the conditioned space.
Reporting and record-keeping requirements: The proposed rule adds a reporting and/or record-keeping element required to comply. Reporting and record keeping would include documentation of compliance with the rule. Cost of record keeping would apply equally to both large and small businesses.
Associated costs: Reports submitted to the TAG showed a cost of up to 1% of total construction cost to conduct the pressure test.
The TAG identified a possible disproportionate impact on small business window manufacturers to comply with the rule.
Associated costs of equipment, supplies, labor, professional services and administrative costs are included in the cost of compliance.
Lost sales or revenue: The proposed rule applies equally to both large and small businesses. The proposal [proposed] rule is intended to increase value and create a market for high efficiency and renewable energy equipment.
Steps taken to reduce costs: The council and the affected industries have considered and mitigated costs associated with the proposed rules through negotiated rule making to modify the proposed rules. The council modified substantive regulatory requirements on small businesses. The proposed rule allows an energy efficiency rating by product description to avoid cost and disproportionate economic impact associated with testing and labeling window and door products manufactured by small businesses in Washington state. The proposed rule provides an alternate method for pressure testing when window products manufactured by small business are installed in the building envelope. The council solicited feedback from industry to develop methods to mitigate the costs and provide a method to avoid additional costs of compliance.
Involvement of small businesses: The council has included small businesses in the development of the proposed rules.
| • | Small businesses were included in mailings and electronic notices. |
| • | Small businesses were notified of meetings, agenda topics and proposals. |
| • | Council members, technical group members and staff responded to inquiries from small businesses. |
| • | The technical advisory group convened a special meeting to address small business concerns. |
| NAICS # | DESCRIPTION | NUMBER OF FIRMS | |
| 23611 | Residential construction | Total | >50 employees |
| 236115 | Single-family housing construction | 3235 | 47 |
| 236116 | Multifamily housing construction | 65 | 0 |
| 236118 | Residential Remodel | 2879 | 7 |
| 2362 | Nonresidential construction | ||
| 23621 | Industrial buildings and warehouses | 94 | 8 |
| 23622 | Commercial and Institutional Buildings | 1460 | 45 |
| 238 | Specialty Trades | ||
| 238130 | Framing Contractors | 2997 | 25 |
| 238140 | Masonry Contractors | 607 | 11 |
| 238220 | Plumbing, heating, air-conditioning | 2122 | 65 |
| 238310 | Drywall and Insulation Contractors | 1038 | 22 |
| 321 | Manufacturing | ||
| 321911 | Wood window and door manufacturing | 52 | 5 |
| 332321 | Metal window and door manufacturing | 14 | 3 |
| 327211 | Flat Glass Manufacturing | 10 | 2 |
| 321918 | Other Millwork | 49 | 6 |
| 444190 | Other Building Materials Dealers | 644 | 36 |
| 327331 | Concrete Block and Brick Manufacturing | 14 | 0 |
Job estimates: The number of jobs created or lost as a result of compliance with the proposed rule is unknown.
The proposed rules would create jobs in some specialty trades such as framing, insulation, window manufacturing, HVAC testing.
CONCLUSION: The council recognizes that the proposed rules may impose an economic impact on businesses in the building construction industry. However, the council also realizes its obligation to ensure the health, safety and welfare of the occupants or users of buildings and structures and the general public through the provisions of the building codes throughout the state, as stated in the council's legislative mandate.
The council has negotiated the proposed rules into their current form in an effort to achieve a minimum standard that meets the need of the building construction industry and the citizens of this state.
The council appointed TAGs to do a comprehensive review and analysis of the proposed changes to the WSEC. All proposed state amendments submitted in 2009 were reviewed. The TAG findings were reviewed by ERAC to determine where the proposed rules would impact small businesses. To mitigate the impacts, the proposed rules were modified to eliminate disproportionate cost impact on the effected small businesses.
A copy of the statement may be obtained by contacting Tim Nogler, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 98504-2525, phone (360) 725-2969, fax (360) 586-9383, e-mail sbcc@commerce.wa.gov.
A cost-benefit analysis is not required under RCW 34.05.328. The state building code council is not listed in this section as one of the agencies required to comply with this statute.
August 1, 2009
Peter D. DeVries
Council Chair
OTS-2584.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 07-01-089, filed 12/19/06,
effective 7/1/07)
WAC 51-11-0101
Section 101 -- Scope and general
requirements.
101.1 Title: Chapters 1 through 10 of this Code shall be
known as the "Washington State Single-Family Residential
Energy Code" and may be cited as such; and will be referred to
herein as "this Code."
101.2 Purpose and Intent: The purpose of this Code is to
provide minimum standards for new or altered buildings and
structures or portions thereof to achieve efficient use and
conservation of energy.
The purpose of this Code is not to create or otherwise
establish or designate any particular class or group of
persons who will or should be especially protected or
benefitted by the terms of this Code.
It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility
to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to
achieve efficient use and conservation of energy. These
provisions are structured to permit compliance with the intent
of this Code by any one of the following three paths of
design:
1. A systems analysis approach for the entire building
and its energy-using sub-systems which may utilize renewable
energy sources, Chapters 4 and 9.
2. A component performance approach for various building
elements and mechanical systems and components, Chapters 5 and
9.
3. A prescriptive requirements approach, Chapters 6 and
9.
Compliance with any one of these approaches meets the
intent of this Code. This Code is not intended to abridge any
safety or health requirements required under any other
applicable codes or ordinances.
The provisions of this Code do not consider the
efficiency of various energy forms as they are delivered to
the building envelope. A determination of delivered energy
efficiencies in conjunction with this Code will provide the
most efficient use of available energy in new building
construction.
101.3 Scope: This Code sets forth minimum requirements
for the design of new buildings and structures that provide
facilities or shelter for residential occupancies by
regulating their exterior envelopes and the selection of their
((HVAC)) mechanical systems, ((service)) domestic water
((heating)) systems, electrical distribution and illuminating
systems, and equipment for efficient use and conservation of
energy.
Buildings shall be designed to comply with the
requirements of either Chapter 4, 5, or 6 of this Code and the
additional energy efficiency requirements included in Chapter
9 of this Code.
((For the purposes of this Code:
Detached one- and two-family dwellings built under the
International Residential Code shall be considered R-3
Occupancies.
Attached multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses)
built under the International Residential Code shall be
considered R-2 Occupancies.)) Spaces within the scope of
Section R101.2 of the International Residential Code shall
comply with Chapters 1 through 10 of this Code. All other
spaces, including other Group R Occupancies, shall comply with
Chapters 11 through 20 of this Code. Chapter 2 (Definitions),
Chapter 7 (Standards), and Chapter 10 (default heat loss
coefficients), are applicable to all building types.
101.3.1 Exempt Buildings: Buildings and structures or
portions thereof meeting any of the following criteria shall
be exempt from the building envelope requirements of Sections
502 and 602, but shall comply with all other requirements for
((building)) mechanical systems((,)) and ((service)) domestic
water ((heating)) systems.
101.3.1.1: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
whose peak design rate of energy usage is less than three and
four tenths (3.4) Btu/h per square foot or one point zero
(1.0) watt per square foot of floor area for space
conditioning requirements.
101.3.1.2: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
which are neither heated according to the definition of heated
space in Chapter 2, nor cooled by a nonrenewable energy
source, provided that the nonrenewable energy use for space
conditioning complies with requirements of Section 101.3.1.1.
101.3.1.3: Greenhouses isolated from any conditioned
space and not intended for occupancy.
101.3.1.4: The provisions of this code do not apply to
the construction, alteration, or repair of temporary worker
housing except as provided by rule adopted under chapter 70.114A RCW or chapter 37, Laws of 1998 (SB 6168). "Temporary
worker housing" means a place, area, or piece of land where
sleeping places or housing sites are provided by an employer
for his or her employees or by another person, including a
temporary worker housing operator, who is providing such
accommodations for employees, for temporary, seasonal
occupancy, and includes "labor camps" under RCW 70.54.110.
101.3.2 Application to Existing Buildings: Additions,
historic buildings, changes of occupancy or use, and
alterations or repairs shall comply with the requirements in
the subsections below.
| EXCEPTION: | The building official may approve designs of alterations or repairs which do not fully conform with all of the requirements of this Code where in the opinion of the building official full compliance is physically impossible and/or economically impractical and: |
| 1. | The alteration or repair improves the energy efficiency of the building; or |
| 2. | The alteration or repair is energy efficient and is necessary for the health, safety, and welfare of
the general public. |
| In no case, shall building envelope requirements or mechanical system requirements be less than those requirements in effect at the time of the initial construction of the building. |
EXCEPTION:
New additions which do not fully comply with the requirements of this Code and which have a floor
area which is less than seven hundred fifty square feet shall be approved provided that improvements
are made to the existing occupancy to compensate for any deficiencies in the new addition.
Compliance shall be demonstrated by either systems analysis or component performance calculations.
The nonconforming addition and upgraded, existing occupancy shall have an energy budget or Target
UA which is less than or equal to the unimproved existing building (minus any elements which are no
longer part of the building envelope once the addition is added), with the addition designed to comply
with this Code.
101.3.2.2 Historic Buildings: The building official may
modify the specific requirements of this Code for historic
buildings and require in lieu thereof alternate requirements
which will result in a reasonable degree of energy efficiency.
This modification may be allowed for those buildings which
have been specifically designated as historically significant
by the state or local governing body, or listed in The
National Register of Historic Places or which have been
determined to be eligible for listing.
101.3.2.3 Change of Occupancy or Use:
Any ((Other than Group R Occupancy)) space not within the
scope of Section 101.3 which is converted to ((Group R
Occupancy)) space that is within the scope of Section 101.3
shall be brought into full compliance with this Code.
101.3.2.4 Alterations and Repairs: All alterations and
repairs to buildings or portions thereof originally
constructed subject to the requirements of this Code shall
conform to the provisions of this Code without exception. For
all other existing buildings, initial tenant alterations shall
comply with the new construction requirements of this Code.
Other alterations and repairs may be made to existing
buildings and moved buildings without making the entire
building comply with all of the requirements of this Code for
new buildings, provided the ((following)) requirements of
Sections 101.3.2.5 through 101.3.2.8 are met((:)).
101.3.2.5 Building Envelope: The result of the
alterations or repairs both:
1. Improves the energy efficiency of the building, and
2. Complies with the overall average thermal
transmittance values of the elements of the exterior building
envelope in Table 5-1 of Chapter 5 or the nominal R-values and
glazing requirements of the reference case in Table((s)) 6-1
((and 6-2)).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Untested storm windows may be installed over existing glazing for an assumed U-factor of 0.90,
however, where glass and sash are being replaced ((
in Group R Occupancy)), glazing shall comply with
the appropriate reference case in Table 6-1 ((and 6-2)).
2. Where the structural elements of the altered portions of roof/ceiling, wall or floor are not being
replaced, these elements shall be deemed to comply with this Code if all existing framing cavities which
are exposed during construction are filled to the full depth with batt insulation or insulation having an
equivalent nominal R-value ((
while, for roof/ceilings, maintaining)) . 2x4 framed walls shall be
insulated to a minimum of R-15 and 2x6 framed walls shall be insulated to a minimum of R-21.
Roof/ceiling assemblies shall maintain the required space for ventilation. Existing walls and floors
without framing cavities need not be insulated. Existing roofs shall be insulated to the requirements of
this Code if
a. The roof is uninsulated or insulation is removed to the level of the sheathing, or
b. All insulation in the roof/ceiling was previously installed exterior to the sheathing or nonexistent.
101.3.2.6 ((Building)) Mechanical Systems: Those parts
of systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with
Section 503 of this Code. When a space-conditioning system is
altered by the installation or replacement of
space-conditioning equipment (including replacement of the air
handler, outdoor condensing unit of a split system air
conditioner or heat pump, cooling or heating coil, or the
furnace heat exchanger), the duct system that is connected to
the new or replacement space-conditioning equipment shall be
sealed, as confirmed through field verification and diagnostic
testing in accordance with procedures for duct sealing of
existing duct systems as specified in RS-33. The test results
shall confirm at least one of the following performance
requirements:
1. The measured total duct leakage shall be less than or
equal to 8 percent of the conditioned floor area, measured in
CFM @ 25 Pascals; or
2. The measured duct leakage to outside shall be less
than 6 percent of the conditioned floor area, measured in CFM
@ 25 Pascals; or
3. The measured duct leakage shall be reduced by more
than 50 percent relative to the measured leakage prior to the
installation or replacement of the space conditioning
equipment and a visual inspection including a smoke test shall
demonstrate that all accessible leaks have been sealed; or
4. If it is not possible to meet the duct requirements
of 1, 2 or 3, all accessible leaks shall be sealed and
verified through a visual inspection and through a smoke test
by a certified third party.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Duct systems that are documented to have been previously sealed as confirmed through field verification and diagnostic testing in accordance with procedures in RS-33. |
| 2. Ducts with less than 40 linear feet in unconditioned spaces. | |
| 3. Existing duct systems constructed, insulated or sealed with asbestos. |
101.3.2.8 Lighting: Alterations shall comply with
Sections 505 and 1132.3.
| (( |
101.4 Amendments by Local Government: Except as provided
in RCW 19.27A.020(7), this Code shall be the maximum and
minimum energy code for ((Group R Occupancy)) Single-family
residential in each town, city and county((, no later than
July 1, 1991)).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0101, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-24-078, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0101, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0101, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
105.1 General: All construction or work for which a
permit is required shall be subject to inspection by the
building official and all such construction or work shall
remain accessible and exposed for inspection purposes until
approved by the building official.
105.2 Approvals Required: No work shall be done on any
part of the building or structure beyond the point indicated
in each successive inspection without first obtaining the
approval of the building official.
105.2.1 Required Inspections: The building official,
upon notification, shall make the following inspection in
addition to those inspections required in section 109.3 of the
International Building Code:
1. Wall insulation inspection: To be made after all wall
insulation and air vapor retarder sheet or film materials are
in place, but before any wall covering is placed.
105.3 Reinspection: The building official may require a
structure to be reinspected.
105.4 Certificate: A permanent certificate shall be
posted within three feet of the electrical distribution panel.
The certificate shall be completed by the building or
registered design professional. The certificate shall list
the predominant R-values of insulation installed in or on
ceiling/roof, walls, foundation (slab, basement wall,
crawlspace wall and/or floor), and ducts outside the
conditioned spaces; U-factors for fenestration; and the solar
heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of fenestration. Where there is
more than one value for each component, the certificate shall
list the value covering the largest area. The certificate
shall list the type and efficiency of heating, cooling, and
service water heating equipment, duct leakage rates including
test conditions as specified in Section 503.10.2, and air
leakage results if a blower door test was conducted.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0105, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0105, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0105, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
201.1 Application of Terms: For the purposes of this
Code, certain abbreviations, terms, phrases, words and their
derivatives, shall be as set forth in this chapter. Where
terms are not defined, they shall have their ordinary accepted
meanings within the context with which they are used. In the
event there is a question about the definition of a term, the
definitions for terms in the codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031
and the edition of Webster's dictionary referenced therein
shall be considered as the sources for providing ordinarily
accepted meanings.
Addition: See the Washington State Building Code.
Advanced framed ceiling: Advanced framing assumes full and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of exterior walls. (See Standard Framing and Section 1007.2 of this Code.)
Advanced framed walls: Studs framed on twenty-four inch centers with double top plate and single bottom plate. Corners use two studs or other means of fully insulating corners, and one stud is used to support each header. Headers consist of double 2X material with R-10 insulation between the header and exterior sheathing. Interior partition wall/exterior wall intersections are fully insulated in the exterior wall. (See Standard Framing and Section 1005.2 of this Code.)
AFUE. Annual fuel utilization efficiency: Unlike steady state conditions, this rating is based on average usage including on and off cycling as set out in the standardized Department of Energy Test Procedures.
Air barrier: Material(s) assembled and joined together to provide a barrier to air leakage through the building envelope. An air barrier may be a single material or a combination of materials.
Air conditioning, comfort: The process of treating air to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of the conditioned space.
((ARI:)) Air-impermeable insulation: An insulation
having an air permeance equal to or less than 0.02 L/s-m2 at 75
Pa pressure differential tested in accordance with ASTM E2178
or ASTM E283.
AHRI: Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute.
Approved: Approval by the Code official as a result of investigation and tests conducted by him or her, or by reason of accepted principles, or tests by nationally recognized organizations.
ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
Automatic: Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration. (See Manual.)
Below grade walls: ((Walls or the portion of walls which
are entirely below the finish grade or which extend two feet
or less above the finish grade.)) (See Walls.)
Boiler capacity: The rate of heat output in Btu/h measured at the boiler outlet, at the design inlet and outlet conditions and rated fuel/energy input.
Building entrance: Any doorway, set of doors, turnstile, vestibule, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access to the building by its users and occupants.
Building envelope: For ((Group R Occupancy))
Single-family residential spaces, the elements of a building
which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy
may be transferred to or from the exterior or to or from
spaces exempted by the provisions of Section 101.3.1. For
other ((than Group R Occupancy)) spaces, the elements of a
building which enclose conditioned spaces through which
thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior, or
to or from unconditioned spaces, or to or from semi-heated
spaces, or to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of
Section 1301.
Building, existing: See the Washington State Building Code.
Building official: The official authorized to act in behalf of a jurisdiction code enforcement agency or its authorized representative.
Building project: A building or group of buildings, including on-site energy conversion or electric-generating facilities, which utilize a single submittal for a construction permit or are within the boundary of a contiguous area under one ownership.
Cold storage space: Spaces that are mechanically cooled and designed to be maintained at a temperature below 45°F (7°C) and at or above 28°F (-2.2°C).
Commissioning: A systematic process of verification and documentation that ensures that the selected building systems have been designed, installed and function properly, efficiently, and can be maintained in accordance with the contract documents in order to satisfy the building owner's design intent and operational requirements.
Conditioned floor area: (See Gross conditioned floor area.)
Conditioned space: A cooled space, heated space (fully heated), heated space (semi-heated) or indirectly conditioned space, excluding cold storage spaces and frozen storage spaces.
Continuous insulation (c.i.): Insulation that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any opaque surface of the building envelope.
Cooled space: An enclosed space within a building that is cooled by a cooling system whose sensible capacity
a. Exceeds 5 Btu/(h•ft2), or
b. Is capable of maintaining space dry bulb temperature of 90°F or less at design cooling conditions.
COP - Coefficient of performance: The ratio of the rate of net heat output (heating mode) or heat removal (cooling mode) to the rate of total on-site energy input to the heat pump, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating conditions. (See Net Heat Output, Net Heat Removal, Total On-Site Energy Input.)
Daylighted zone:
a. Under overhead glazing: The area under overhead glazing whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the overhead glazing dimension in that direction plus either 70 percent of the floor to ceiling height or the dimension to a ceiling height opaque partition, or one-half the distance to adjacent overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
b. At vertical glazing: The area adjacent to vertical
glazing which receives daylighting from the glazing. For
purposes of this definition and unless more detailed
daylighting analysis is provided, the ((daylighting)) primary
daylighted zone depth ((is assumed to)) extends into the space
a distance ((of 15 feet)) equal to the window head height and
the secondary daylighted zone extends from the edge of the
primary zone to a distance equal to two times the window head
height, or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition,
whichever is less. The daylighting zone width is assumed to
be the width of the window plus either two feet on each side
(the distance to an opaque partition) or one-half the distance
to adjacent overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
Daylight sensing control (DS): A device that automatically regulates the power input to electric lighting near the glazing to maintain the desired workplace illumination, thus taking advantage of direct or indirect sunlight.
Deadband: The temperature range in which no heating or cooling is used.
Demand control ventilation (DCV): A ventilation system capability that provides for the automatic reduction of outdoor air intake below design rates when the actual occupancy of spaces served by the system is less than design occupancy.
Design cooling conditions: The cooling outdoor design temperature from the 0.5% column for summer from the Puget Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE."
Design heating conditions: The heating outdoor design temperature from the 0.6% column for winter from the Puget Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE."
Domestic water system: Supply of hot water and cold water for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort heating and cooling.
Door: All operable opening areas, which are not glazing, in the building envelope including swinging and roll-up doors, fire doors, smoke vents and access hatches.
Door area: Total area of door measured using the rough opening and including the door and frame.
Dwelling unit: See the Washington State Building Code.
Economizer, air: A ducting arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling supply fan system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during mild or cold weather.
Economizer, water: A system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled directly, indirectly or both, by evaporation of water or by other appropriate fluid in order to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration.
EER. Energy efficiency ratio: The ratio of net equipment cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under designated operating conditions.
Efficiency, HVAC system: The ratio of useful energy (at the point of use) to the energy input for a designated time period, expressed in percent.
Emissivity: The ability to absorb infrared radiation. A low emissivity implies a higher reflectance of infrared radiation.
Energy: The capacity for doing work; taking a number of forms which may be transformed from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical and chemical; in customary units, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal units (Btu). (See New energy.)
Energy, recovered: (See Recovered energy.)
Energy recovery ventilation system: System that employs air-to-air heat exchangers to recover energy from exhaust air for the purpose of preheating, precooling, humidifying or dehumidifying outdoor ventilation air prior to supplying the air to a space, either directly or as part of an HVAC system.
Exterior envelope: (See Building envelope.)
F-Factor: The perimeter heat loss factor expressed in Btu/hr•ft•°F.
F-Value: (See F-Factor.)
Facade area: Vertical projected area including nonhorizontal roof area, overhangs, cornices, etc. measured in elevation in a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the building face.
Fenestration: All areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in light, including windows, plastic panels, clerestories, skylights, doors that are more than one-half glass, and glass block walls. (See building envelope and door.)
a. Skylight: A fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. Other fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration.
b. Vertical fenestration: All fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall assemblies, where glazing is installed within 12 inches of a mass wall, are considered walls, not fenestration. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the vertical fenestration classifications are defined as follows:
i. Metal framing: Products with metal framing with or without thermal break.
ii. Metal framing, entrance door: Any doorway, set of doors, turnstile, vestibule, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access by its users and occupants to the building or to individual tenant spaces accessed from the exterior. (See also building entrance.)
iii. Metal framing, fixed: All vertical fenestration, other than entrance door and operable, including, but not limited to, curtain walls, window walls, fixed windows, picture windows, glass block walls, nonopenable clerestory windows, and nonopenable sidelites and transoms.
iv. Metal framing, operable: All vertical fenestration that opens, except entrance doors, including, but not limited to, casement windows, projecting windows, pivoting windows, horizontal sliding windows, vertical sliding windows, openable clerestory windows, openable sidelites and transoms, sliding glass doors, and doors that are not entrance doors.
v. Nonmetal framing: All products with framing materials other than metal with or without metal reinforcing or cladding.
Floor, envelope: That lower portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that has conditioned or semiheated space above and is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60 degrees from horizontal but excluding slab-on-grade floors. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows:
a. Mass floor: A floor with a heat capacity that exceeds 7 Btu/ft2•°F or 5 Btu/ft2•°F provided that the floor has a material unit mass not greater than 120 lb/ft3.
b. Steel-joist floor: A floor that is not a mass floor and has steel joist members supported by structural members.
c. Wood-framed and other floors: All other floor types, including wood joist floors. (See also building envelope, fenestration, opaque area and slab-on-grade floor.)
Floor over unconditioned space: A floor which separates a conditioned space from an unconditioned space which is buffered from exterior ambient conditions including vented crawl spaces and unconditioned basements or other similar spaces, or exposed to exterior ambient conditions including open parking garages and enclosed garages which are mechanically ventilated.
Frozen storage space: Spaces that are mechanically cooled and designed to be maintained at a temperature below 28°F (-2.2°C).
Garden window: A multisided glazing product that projects beyond the plane of the wall.
Glazed wall system: A category of site assembled fenestration products used in the NFRC 100 and NFRC 200 rating procedures that include curtainwalls.
Glazing: All areas, including the frames, in the shell of a conditioned space that let in natural light including windows, clerestories, skylights, sliding or swinging glass doors and glass block walls.
Glazing area: Total area of the glazing measured using the rough opening, and including the glazing, sash, and frame. For doors where the daylight opening area is less than 50% of the door area, the glazing area is the daylight opening area. For all other doors, the glazing area is the door area.
Gross conditioned floor area: The horizontal projection of that portion of interior space which is contained within exterior walls and which is conditioned directly or indirectly by an energy-using system, and which has an average height of five feet or greater, measured from the exterior faces.
Gross exterior wall area: The normal projection of the building envelope wall area bounding interior space which is conditioned by an energy-using system and which separates conditioned space from: Unconditioned space, or semi-heated space, or exterior ambient conditions or earth; includes opaque wall, vertical glazing and door areas. The gross area of walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including foundation walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, vertical glazing areas and door areas, where such surfaces are exposed to exterior ambient conditions and enclose a conditioned space including interstitial areas between two such spaces. The area of the wall is measured from the top of the floor insulation to the bottom of the roof insulation. (See Below grade wall.)
Gross floor area: The sum of the areas of the several floors of the building, including basements, cellars, mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of headroom height, measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the center line of walls separating buildings, but excluding: Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces. Pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs and similar features.
Gross roof/ceiling area: A roof/ceiling assembly shall be considered as all components of the roof/ceiling envelope through which heat flows, thus creating a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such assembly is exposed to exterior ambient conditions and encloses a conditioned space. The assembly does not include those components that are separated from a heated and/or cooled space by a vented airspace. The gross area of a roof/ceiling assembly consists of the total interior surface of such assembly, including overhead glazing.
Guest room: See the Washington State Building Code.
Heat: The form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a temperature difference.
Heat storage capacity: The physical property of materials (mass) located inside the building envelope to absorb, store, and release heat.
Heated space (Fully heated): An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system whose output capacity is
a. Capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of 45°F or greater at design heating conditions; or
b. 8 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 1 and 12 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 2.
Heated space (Semi-heated): An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system
a. Whose output capacity is 3 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 1 and 5 Btu/(h•ft2) or greater in Climate Zone 2; and
b. Is not a Heated Space (Fully Heated).
c. Is not a cold storage space or frozen storage space.
High efficacy lamps: Compact fluorescent lamps, T-8 or smaller diameter linear fluorescent lamps, or lamps with a minimum efficacy of:
a. 60 lumens per watt for lamps over 40 watts;
b. 50 lumens per watt for lamps over 15 watts to 40 watts; and
c. 40 lumens per watt for lamps 15 watts or less.
High efficacy luminaire: A lighting fixture that does not contain a medium screw base socket (E24/E26) and whose lamps or other light source have a minimum efficiency of:
a. 60 lumens per watt for lamps over 40 watts;
b. 50 lumens per watt for lamps over 15 watts to 40 watts;
c. 40 lumens per watt for lamps 15 watts or less.
HSPF. Heating season performance factor: The total heating output (in Btu) of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided by the total (watt hour) electric power input during the same period, as determined by test procedures consistent with the U.S. Department of Energy "Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners, Including Heat Pumps" published in Standard RS-30. When specified in Btu per watt hour an HSPF of 6.826 is equivalent to a COP of 2.0.
Humidistat: A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control of relative humidity.
HVAC: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning.
HVAC system components: HVAC system components provide, in one or more factory-assembled packages, means for chilling and/or heating water with controlled temperature for delivery to terminal units serving the conditioned spaces of the buildings. Types of HVAC system components include, but are not limited to, water chiller packages, reciprocating condensing units and water source (hydronic) heat pumps. (See HVAC system equipment.)
HVAC system efficiency: (See Efficiency, HVAC system.)
HVAC system equipment: HVAC system equipment provides, in one (single package) or more (split system) factory-assembled packages, means for air circulation, air cleaning, air cooling with controlled temperature and dehumidification; and optionally, either alone or in combination with a heating plant, the functions of heating and humidifying. The cooling function may be either electrically or heat operated and the refrigerant condenser may be air, water or evaporatively cooled. Where the equipment is provided in more than one package, the separate packages shall be designed by the manufacturer to be used together. The equipment may provide the heating function as a heat pump or by the use of electric elements. (The word "equipment" used without modifying adjective may, in accordance with common industry usage, apply either to HVAC system equipment or HVAC system components.)
Indirectly conditioned space: An enclosed space within a building that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area weighted heat transfer coefficient to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that to the outdoors or to unconditioned spaces; or through which air from heated or cooled spaces is transferred at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour. Enclosed corridors between conditioned spaces shall be considered as indirectly conditioned space. (See Heated Space, Cooled Space and Unconditioned Space.)
Infiltration: The uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and interstices in any building element and around windows and doors of a building caused by the pressure effects of wind and/or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density.
Insulation baffle: A rigid material, resistant to wind driven moisture, the purpose of which is to allow air to flow freely into the attic or crawl space and to prevent insulation from blocking the ventilation of these spaces, or the loss of insulation. Example materials for this purpose are sheet metal, or wax impregnated cardboard.
Insulation position:
a. Exterior Insulation Position: A wall having all or nearly all of its mass exposed to the room air with the insulation on the exterior of the mass.
b. Integral Insulation Position: A wall having mass exposed to both room and outside air, with substantially equal amounts of mass on the inside and outside of the insulation layer.
c. Interior Insulation Position: A wall not meeting either of the above definitions; particularly a wall having most of its mass external to the insulation layer.
International Building Code (IBC): (See Washington State Building Code.)
International Mechanical Code (IMC): (See Washington State Building Code.)
IPLV -- Integrated part-load value: A single number figure of merit based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment as specified in the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and Cooling Tower Institute (CTI) procedures.
Labeled: Devices, equipment, or materials to which have been affixed a label, seal, symbol or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the production of the above-labeled items that attests to compliance with a specific standard.
Liner system (Ls): A continuous membrane is installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. For multilayer installations, the last rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.
Listed: Equipment, appliances, assemblies, or materials included in a list published by an approved testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment, appliances, assemblies, or material, and whose listing states either that the equipment, appliances, assemblies, or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a specified manner.
Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the lamps to the electric power supply.
Manual: Capable of being operated by personal intervention. (See Automatic.)
Mechanical system: Equipment and components that provide heating, cooling, and ventilation for any purpose other than domestic water systems.
Microcell: A wireless communication facility consisting of an antenna that is either: (a) Four (4) feet in height and with an area of not more than 580 square inches; or (b) if a tubular antenna, no more than four (4) inches in diameter and no more than six (6) feet in length; and the associated equipment cabinet that is six (6) feet or less in height and no more than 48 square feet in floor area.
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association.
NFRC: National Fenestration Rating Council.
Net heat output: The change in the total heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (not including supplementary heat and heat from boilers).
Net heat removal: The total difference in heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without heat) or the difference in total heat content of the water or refrigerant entering and leaving the component.
New energy: Energy, other than recovered energy, utilized for the purpose of heating or cooling. (See energy.)
Nominal R-value: The thermal resistance of insulation alone as determined in accordance with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission R-value rule (CFR Title 16, Part 460) in units of h•ft2•°F/Btu at a mean temperature of 75°F. Nominal R-value refers to the thermal resistance of the added insulation in framing cavities or insulated sheathing only and does not include the thermal resistance of other building materials or air films.
Nonrenewable energy sources: All energy sources that are
not renewable energy sources including natural gas, oil, coal,
wood, ((liquified)) liquefied petroleum gas, steam, and any
utility-supplied electricity.
Nonresidential: All ((buildings and)) spaces ((in the
International Building Code (IBC) occupancies)) as defined in
this Code other than ((Group R)) residential.
Occupancy: See the Washington State Building Code.
Occupancy sensor: A device that detects occupants within an area, causing any combination of lighting, equipment or appliances to be turned on or shut off.
On-site renewable energy power system: Photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, and wind systems used to generate electrical power and located on the building site.
Opaque envelope areas: All exposed areas of a building envelope which enclose conditioned space, except openings for doors, glazing and building service systems.
Open blown: Loose fill insulation pneumatically installed in an unconfined attic space.
Outdoor air (outside air): Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circulated through a building.
Overhead glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of less than 60° from the horizontal plane.
Packaged terminal air conditioner: A factory-selected combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or sections intended to serve a room or zone. (For the complete technical definition, see Standard RS-5.)
Permeance (perm): The ability of a material of specified thickness to transmit moisture in terms of amount of moisture transmitted per unit time for a specified area and differential pressure (grains per hour • ft2 • inches of HG). Permeance may be measured using ASTM E-96-00 or other approved dry cup method as specified in RS-1.
Personal wireless service facility: A Wireless Communication Facility (WCF), including a microcell, which is a facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio frequency signals and which may include antennas, equipment shelter or cabinet, transmission cables, a support structure to achieve the necessary elevation, and reception and/or transmission devices or antennas.
Pool cover: A vapor-retardant cover which lies on or at the surface of the pool.
Power: In connection with machines, the time rate of doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of all types, the rate at which energy is transmitted; in customary units, it is measured in watts (W) or British Thermal Units per hour (Btu/h).
Process energy: Energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than the maintenance of building comfort or amenities for building occupants.
Radiant slab floor: A slab floor assembly on grade or below, containing heated pipes, ducts, or electric heating cables that constitute a floor or portion thereof for complete or partial heating of the structure.
Readily accessible: See the Washington State Mechanical Code.
Recooling: The removal of heat by sensible cooling of the supply air (directly or indirectly) that has been previously heated above the temperature to which the air is to be supplied to the conditioned space for proper control of the temperature of that space.
Recovered energy: Energy utilized which would otherwise be wasted (i.e., not contribute to a desired end use) from an energy utilization system.
Refrigerated warehouse: A building that contains cold storage spaces or frozen storage spaces that have a total area exceeding 3,000 square feet.
Reheat: The application of sensible heat to supply air that has been previously cooled below the temperature of the conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
Renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources of energy (excluding minerals) are derived from: (1) Incoming solar radiation, including but not limited to, natural daylighting and photosynthetic processes; (2) energy sources resulting from wind, waves and tides, lake or pond thermal differences; and (3) energy derived from the internal heat of the earth, including nocturnal thermal exchanges.
Reset: Adjustment of the set point of a control instrument to a higher or lower value automatically or manually to conserve energy.
Residential: The following two categories comprise all residential spaces for the purposes of this Code:
a. Single-family: All spaces within the scope of Section R101.2 of the International Residential Code.
b. Multifamily:
i. All Group R Occupancy not falling under the scope of Section 101.2 of the International Residential Code including, but not limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, fraternity/sorority houses, hostels, prisons, and fire stations;
ii. All sleeping areas in Group I Occupancy including, but not limited to, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, patient rooms in hospitals, prisons, and fire stations; and
iii. All sleeping areas in other occupancies including, but not limited to, fire stations.
Roof: The upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and fenestration, that is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60 degrees from horizontal. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows:
a. Attic and other roofs: All other roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely below (inside of) the roof structure (i.e., attics, cathedral ceilings, and single-rafter ceilings), roofs with insulation both above and below the roof structure, and roofs without insulation but excluding metal building roofs.
b. Metal building roof: A roof that is:
i. Constructed with a metal, structural, weathering surface;
ii. Has no ventilated cavity; and
iii. Has the insulation entirely below deck (i.e., does not include composite concrete and metal deck construction nor a roof framing system that is separated from the superstructure by a wood substrate) and whose structure consists of one or more of the following configurations:
A. Metal roofing in direct contact with the steel framing members;
B. Insulation between the metal roofing and the steel framing members;
C. Insulated metal roofing panels installed as described in 1 or 2.
Roof with insulation entirely above deck: A roof with all insulation installed above (outside of) the roof structure and continuous (i.e., uninterrupted by framing members).
Roof/ceiling assembly: (See Gross roof/ceiling area.)
SEER - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio: The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period, in Btu's, divided by the total electric energy input in watt-hours, during the same period, as determined by 10 CFR, Part 430.
Semi-heated space: Sub-category of Heated Space. (See Heated Space.)
Sequence: A consecutive series of operations.
Service systems: All energy-using systems in a building that are operated to provide services for the occupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumination, transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering or similar functions.
Service water heating: Supply of hot water for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort heating.
Shaded: Glazed area which is externally protected from direct solar radiation by use of devices permanently affixed to the structure or by an adjacent building, topographical feature, or vegetation.
Shading coefficient: The ratio of solar heat gain occurring through nonopaque portions of the glazing, with or without integral shading devices, to the solar heat gain occurring through an equivalent area of unshaded, 1/8 inch thick, clear, double-strength glass.
| Note: | Heat gains to be compared under the same conditions. See Chapter (( |
Single family: ((One and two family residential dwelling
units with no more than two units in a single building.)) (See
Residential.)
Skylight: (See ((Overhead glazing)) Fenestration.)
Slab-below-grade: Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is more than 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
Slab-on-grade, exterior: Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is less than or equal to twenty-four inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
Small business: Any business entity (including a sole proprietorship, corporation, partnership, or other legal entity) which is owned and operated independently from all other businesses, which has the purpose of making a profit, and which has fifty or fewer employees, or which has a million dollars or less per year in gross sales, of window products.
Solar energy source: Source of natural daylighting and of thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived directly from conversion of incident solar radiation.
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the glazing product to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
Split system: Any heat pump or air conditioning unit which is provided in more than one assembly requiring refrigeration piping installed in the field.
Standard framing: All framing practices not defined as "intermediate" or "advanced" shall be considered standard. (See Advanced framed ceiling, Advanced framed walls, Intermediate framed wall and Section 1005.2 of this Code.)
Substantial contact: A condition where adjacent building materials are placed in a manner that proximal surfaces are contiguous, being installed and supported as to eliminate voids between materials, without compressing or degrading the thermal performance of either product.
System: A combination of central or terminal equipment or components and/or controls, accessories, interconnecting means, and terminal devices by which energy is transformed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service water heating or illumination.
Tapering: Installation of a reduced level of ceiling insulation at the eaves, due to reduced clearance.
Thermal by-pass: An area where the envelope surrounding the conditioned space is breached, or where an ineffective application compromises the performance of a thermal or infiltration barrier, increasing the structure's energy consumption by exposing finished surfaces to ambient conditions and additional heat transfer.
Thermal conductance (C): Time rate of heat flow through a body (frequently per unit area) from one of its bounding surfaces to the other for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady conditions (Btu/hr •ft2•°F).
Thermal resistance (R): The reciprocal of thermal conductance (hr • ft2•°F/Btu).
Thermal transmittance (U): The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air). It is the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F).
Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo): The overall (average) heat transmission of a gross area of the exterior building envelope (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F). The Uo-Tfactor applies to the combined effect of the time rate of heat flows through the various parallel paths, such as glazing, doors and opaque construction areas, comprising the gross area of one or more exterior building components, such as walls, floors or roof/ceiling.
Thermostat: An automatic control device actuated by temperature and designed to be responsive to temperature.
Total on-site energy input: The combination of all the energy inputs to all elements and accessories as included in the equipment components, including but not limited to, compressor(s), compressor sump heater(s), circulating pump(s), purge devices, fan(s), and the HVAC system component control circuit.
Transmission coefficient: The ratio of the solar heat gain through a glazing system to that of an unshaded single pane of double strength window glass under the same set of conditions.
Transverse joint: The primary connection between air distribution system fittings.
U-factor: (See thermal transmittance.)
U-Value: (See U-factor.)
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC): (See Washington State Plumbing Code.)
Unitary cooling and heating equipment: One or more factory-made assemblies which include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor and condenser combination, and may include a heating function as well. Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
Unitary heat pump: One or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including means to provide both heating and cooling functions. When such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
Vapor retarder: A layer of low moisture transmissivity material (not more than 1.0 perm dry cup) placed over the warm side (in winter) of insulation, over the exterior of below grade walls, and under floors as ground cover to limit the transport of water and water vapor through exterior walls, ceilings, and floors. Vapor retarding paint, listed for this application, also meets this definition.
Vaulted ceilings: All ceilings where enclosed joist or rafter space is formed by ceilings applied directly to the underside of roof joists or rafters.
Ventilation: The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or may not have been conditioned.
Ventilation air: That portion of supply air which comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
Vertical glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of 60° or greater from the horizontal plane.
Wall: That portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that is vertical or tilted at an angle of 60 degrees from horizontal or greater. This includes above- and below-grade walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, and foundation walls. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows:
a. Above-grade wall: A wall that is not a below-grade wall.
b. Below-grade wall: That portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish grade and in contact with the ground.
c. Mass wall: A wall with a heat capacity exceeding 7 Btu/ft2•°F or 5 Btu/ft2•°F, provided that the wall has a material unit weight not greater than 120 lb/ft3.
d. Metal building wall: A wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems).
e. Steel-framed wall: A wall with a cavity (insulated or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and curtain wall systems).
f. Wood-framed and other walls: All other wall types, including wood stud walls.
Walls (exterior): Any member or group of members which defines the exterior boundaries or courts of a building and which have a slope of sixty degrees or greater with the horizontal plane, and separates conditioned from unconditioned space. Band joists between floors are to be considered a part of exterior walls.
Washington State Building Code: The Washington State Building Code is comprised of the International Building Code; the International Residential Code; the International Mechanical Code; the International Fire Code; the Uniform Plumbing Code; the state regulations for barrier-free facilities, as designated in RCW 19.27.031; the State Energy Code; and any other codes so designated by the Washington state legislature as adopted and amended by the State Building Code Council.
Zone: A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single controlling device. Each dwelling unit in residential buildings shall be considered a single zone.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0201, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0201, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0201, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0201, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
302.1 Exterior Design Conditions: The heating or cooling
outdoor design temperatures shall be selected from ((0.6
percent column for winter and 0.5 percent column for summer
from the Puget Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication
"Recommended Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington State,
ASHRAE." (See also Washington State Energy Code Manual.)))
Table 3-1.
302.2 Interior Design Conditions:
302.2.1 Indoor Design Temperature: Indoor design
temperature shall be seventy degrees F for heating and
seventy-eight degrees F for cooling.
| EXCEPTION: | Other design temperatures may be used for equipment selection if it results in a lower energy usage. |
302.3 Climate Zones: All buildings shall comply with the
requirements of the appropriate climate zone as defined
herein.
ZONE 1: Climate Zone 1 shall include all counties not
included in Climate Zone 2.
ZONE 2: Climate Zone 2 shall include: Adams, Chelan,
Douglas, Ferry, Grant, Kittitas, Lincoln, Okanogan, Pend
Oreille, Spokane, Stevens, and Whitman counties.
| Outdoor Design Temp. (in °F) | Outdoor Design Temp. (in °F) | |||
| Location | (heating) | (cooling) | ||
| Aberdeen 20 NNE | 25.0 | 83 | ||
| Anacortes | 24.0 | 72 | ||
| Anatone | -4.0 | 89 | ||
| Auburn | 25.0 | 84 | ||
| Battleground | 19.0 | 91 | ||
| Bellevue | 24.0 | 83 | ||
| Bellingham 2 N | 19.0 | 78 | ||
| Blaine | 17.0 | 73 | ||
| Bremerton | 29.0 | 83 | ||
| Burlington | 19.0 | 77 | ||
| Chehalis | 21.0 | 87 | ||
| Chelan | 10.0 | 89 | ||
| Cheney | 4.0 | 94 | ||
| Chesaw | -11.0 | 81 | ||
| Clarkston | 10.0 | 94 | ||
| Cle Elum | 1.0 | 91 | ||
| Colfax 1 NW | 2.0 | 94 | ||
| Colville AP | -2.0 | 92 | ||
| Concrete | 19.0 | 83 | ||
| Connell 4 NNW | 6.0 | 100 | ||
| Cougar 5 E | 25.0 | 93 | ||
| Dallesport AP | 14.0 | 99 | ||
| Darrington RS | 13.0 | 85 | ||
| Davenport | 5.0 | 92 | ||
| Edmonds | 24.0 | 82 | ||
| Ellensburg AP | 2.0 | 90 | ||
| Elma | 24.0 | 88 | ||
| Ephrata AP | 7.0 | 97 | ||
| Everett Paine AFB | 21.0 | 79 | ||
| Forks 1 E | 23.0 | 81 | ||
| Glacier RS | 13.0 | 82 | ||
| Glenoma (Kosmos) | 18.0 | 89 | ||
| Goldendale | 7.0 | 94 | ||
| Grays River Hatchery | 24.0 | 86 | ||
| Greenwater | 1.4 | 84 | ||
| Grotto | 21.0 | 84 | ||
| Hoquiam AP | 26.0 | 79 | ||
| Inchelium 2 NW | 0.0 | 92 | ||
| John Day Dam | 19.0 | 100 | ||
| Kent | 21.0 | 85 | ||
| Kirkland | 17.0 | 83 | ||
| La Grande | 23.0 | 88 | ||
| Leavenworth | -3.0 | 93 | ||
| Little Goose Dam | 22.0 | 101 | ||
| Long Beach 3 NNE | 25.0 | 77 | ||
| Longview | 24.0 | 87 | ||
| Lower Granite Dam | 14.0 | 98 | ||
| Lower Monument Dam | 18.0 | 103 | ||
| Marysville | 23.0 | 79 | ||
| Metaline Falls | -1.0 | 89 | ||
| Methow 2 W | 1.0 | 89 | ||
| Nespelem 2 S | -4.0 | 93 | ||
| Newhalem | 19.0 | 89 | ||
| Newport | -5.0 | 92 | ||
| Northport | 2.0 | 92 | ||
| Oak Harbor | 16.0 | 74 | ||
| Odessa | 7.0 | 100 | ||
| Olga 2 SE | 24.0 | 71 | ||
| Olympia, AP | 17.0 | 85 | ||
| Omak 2 NW | 3.0 | 90 | ||
| Oroville | 5.0 | 93 | ||
| Othello | 9.0 | 98 | ||
| Packwood | 16.0 | 90 | ||
| Plain | -3.0 | 89 | ||
| Pleasant View | 16.0 | 98 | ||
| Pomeroy | 3.0 | 95 | ||
| Port Angeles | 28.0 | 75 | ||
| Port Townsend | 25.0 | 76 | ||
| Prosser | 12.0 | 97 | ||
| Puyallup | 19.0 | 86 | ||
| Quilcene 2 SW | 23.0 | 83 | ||
| Quinault RS | 25.0 | 84 | ||
| Rainier, Longmire | 15.0 | 85 | ||
| Paradise RS | 8.0 | 71 | ||
| Raymond | 28.0 | 81 | ||
| Redmond | 17.0 | 83 | ||
| Republic | -9.0 | 87 | ||
| Richland | 11.0 | 101 | ||
| Ritzville | 6.0 | 99 | ||
| Satus Pass | 10.0 | 90 | ||
| Seattle: Sea-Tac AP | 24.0 | 83 | ||
| Sedro Woolley 1 E | 19.0 | 78 | ||
| Sequim | 23.0 | 78 | ||
| Shelton | 23.0 | 85 | ||
| Smyrna | 8.0 | 102 | ||
| Snohomish | 21.0 | 81 | ||
| Snoqualmie Pass | 6.0 | 80 | ||
| Spokane AP | 4.0 | 92 | ||
| Spokane CO | 10.0 | 96 | ||
| Stampede Pass | 7.0 | 76 | ||
| Stehekin 3 NW | 12.0 | 85 | ||
| Stevens Pass | 6.0 | 77 | ||
| Tacoma CO | 29.0 | 82 | ||
| Tatoosh Island | 31.0 | 63 | ||
| Toledo AP | 17.0 | 84 | ||
| Vancouver | 22.0 | 88 | ||
| Vashon Island | 28.0 | 78 | ||
| Walla Walla AP | 6.0 | 96 | ||
| Waterville | 1.0 | 88 | ||
| Wellpinit | 1.0 | 93 | ||
| Wenatchee CO | 10.0 | 92 | ||
| Whidbey Island | 11.0 | 71 | ||
| Willapa Harbor | 26.0 | 81 | ||
| Wilson Creek | 3.0 | 96 | ||
| Winthrop 1 WSW | -12.0 | 91 | ||
| Yakima AP | 11.0 | 94 | ||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0302, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0303, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
401.1 General: This chapter establishes design criteria
in terms of total energy use by a building, including all of
its systems. Analysis of design for all ((Group R Occupancy))
single-family residential shall comply with Sections 402.1 to
402.6. In addition, the design shall comply with the
additional energy efficiency requirements of Chapter 9.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0401, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0401, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
402.1 Special Requirements for ((All Group R Occupancy))
Single-Family Residential:
402.1.1 Energy Budgets: Proposed buildings designed in
accordance with this section shall be designed to use no more
energy from nonrenewable sources for space heating, space
cooling and domestic hot water heating than a standard
building whose enclosure elements and energy consuming systems
are designed in accordance with section 502.2 of this Code for
the appropriate climate zone, and heating system type and
cooling system and whose mechanical system type is the same as
the proposed building and which complies with Section 503 of
this Code. Energy derived from renewable sources may be
excluded from the total annual energy consumption attributed
to the alternative building.
402.1.2 Calculation of Energy Consumption: The
application for a building permit shall include documentation
which demonstrates, using a calculation procedure as listed in
Chapter 8, or an approved alternate, that the proposed
building's annual space heating, space cooling and domestic
hot water heating energy use does not exceed the annual space
heating, space cooling and domestic hot water heating energy
use of a standard building conforming to Chapter 5 of this
Code for the appropriate climate zone. The total calculated
annual energy consumption shall be shown in units of kWh/ft2-yr
or Btu/ft2-yr of conditioned area.
402.1.3 Input Values: The following standardized input
values shall be used in calculating annual space heating
budgets:
| PARAMETER | VALUE | |
| Thermostat set point, heating Thermostat set point, cooling Thermostat night set back Thermostat night set back period |
65° F 78° F 65° F 0 hours |
|
| Internal gain | 3000 Btu/h | |
| (( R-1 and R-2 units |
1500 Btu/hr)) |
|
| Domestic Hot Water Heater Setpoint |
120° F |
|
| Domestic Hot Water Consumption |
20 gallons/person/day. | |
| Minimum heat storage | Calculated using standard engineering practice for the actual building or as approved. | |
Site weather data |
Typical meteorological year (TMY) or ersatz TMY data for the closest appropriate TMY site or other sites as approved. |
|
| Heating and cooling equipment efficiency |
Equipment shall comply with Section 1411. | |
1. Overall thermal transmittance, Uo, of building envelope
or individual building components;
2. Heat storage capacity of building;
3. Glazing orientation; area; and solar heat
coefficients; (where Chapter 5 does not contain SHGC
requirements, the standard design shall be modeled with
glazing SHGC as determined by Tables 13-1 and 13-2. SHGC
values shall be determined in accordance with Section 1312.2.)
4. Heating system efficiency.
Parameter values that may not be varied:
• Domestic hot water consumption.
402.1.4 Solar Shading and Access: Building designs using
passive solar features with eight percent or more south facing
equivalent glazing to qualify shall provide to the building
official a sun chart or other approved documentation depicting
actual site shading for use in calculating compliance under
this section. The building shall contain at least forty-five
Btu/°F for each square foot of south facing glass.
402.1.5 Infiltration: Infiltration levels used shall be
set at 0.35 air changes per hour for thermal calculation
purposes only.
402.1.6 Heat Pumps: The heating season performance
factor (HSPF) for heat pumps shall be calculated using
procedures consistent with section 5.2 of the U.S. Department
of Energy Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners,
including heat pumps published in the December 27, 1979
Federal Register Vol. 44, No. 24.10 CFR 430. Climate data as
specified above, the proposed buildings overall thermal
performance value (Btu/°F) and the standardized input
assumptions specified above shall be used to model the heat
pumps HSPF.
402.2 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this chapter will
require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereinafter
called an annual energy analysis.
EXCEPTIONS:
Chapters 5, and 6 of this Code establish criteria for different energy-consuming and enclosure elements
of the building which, will eliminate the requirement for an annual systems energy analysis while
meeting the intent of this Code.
A building designed in accordance with this chapter will be deemed as complying with this Code if the
calculated annual energy consumption is ((
not greater than)) 16 percent less than a similar building
(defined as a "standard design") whose enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems are designed
in accordance with Chapter 5.
For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the
same energy source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope
area to floor area, environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational
schedule.
402.3 Design: The standard design, conforming to the
criteria of Chapter 5 and the proposed alternative design
shall be designed on a common basis as specified herein:
The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu or kWh input
per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at the
building site.
402.4 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the annual
energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative
building and system design shall meet the following criteria:
a. The building heating/cooling load calculation
procedure used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be
detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of factors
specified in section 402.5.
b. The calculation procedure used to simulate the
operation of the building and its service systems through a
full-year operating period shall be detailed to permit the
evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors,
operational characteristics, and mechanical equipment on
annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable field
test data shall be used when available in the simulation of
systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be
based upon eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours of
operation of the building and its service systems.
402.5 Calculation Procedure: The calculation procedure
shall cover the following items:
a. Design requirements -- Environmental requirements as
required in Chapter 3.
b. Climatic data -- Coincident hourly data for
temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of typical
days in the year representing seasonal variation.
c. Building data -- Orientation, size, shape, mass, air,
moisture and heat transfer characteristics.
d. Operational characteristics -- Temperature, humidity,
ventilation, illumination, control mode for occupied and
unoccupied hours.
e. Mechanical equipment -- Design capacity, part load
profile.
f. Building loads -- Internal heat generation, lighting,
equipment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied
periods.
| EXCEPTION: | (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0402, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0402, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
501.1 General: Buildings that are heated or mechanically
cooled shall be constructed so as to provide the required
thermal performance of the various components. A building
that is designed to be both heated and cooled shall meet the
more stringent of the heating or cooling requirements as
provided in this Code when requirements of the exterior
envelope differ. In addition, the design shall comply with
the additional energy efficiency requirements of Chapter 9.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0501, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
502.1 General:
502.1.1: The stated U- or F-factor of any component
assembly, listed in Table 5-1, such as roof/ceiling, opaque
wall or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor for
other components decreased, provided that the total heat gain
or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the
total resulting from compliance to the U-factors specified in
this section.
The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are
included in Chapter 10. These values shall be used for all
calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not
represented in Chapter 10, values shall be calculated in
accordance with Chapters ((23-30)) 16 through 18 and 25
through 27 in Standard RS-1 listed in Chapter 7, using the
framing factors listed in Chapter 10 where applicable.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the
U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory or field measurements.
2. Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7, where the metal
framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or
covering.
3. The zone method as provided in Chapter ((25)) 27 of
Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7.
4. Results of parallel path correction factors effective
framing/cavity R-values as provided in Table 10-5A - EFFECTIVE
R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY for metal stud walls and
roof/ceilings.
502.1.2: For consideration of thermal mass effects, see
section 402.4.
502.1.3: When return air ceiling plenums are employed,
the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the
ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly;
and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior
face of the upper plenum surface.
502.1.4 Insulation:
502.1.4.1 General: All insulating materials shall comply
with sections 2603 and/or 719 of the International Building
Code. Substantial contact of the insulation with the surface
being insulated is required. All insulation materials shall
be installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to
achieve proper densities and maintain uniform R-values and
shall be installed in a manner which will permit inspection of
the manufacturer's R-value identification mark. To the
maximum extent possible, insulation shall extend over the full
component area to the intended R-value.
((Alternatively,)) The thickness of roof/ceiling ((and
wall)) insulation that is either blown in or spray-applied
shall be identified by inches of thickness, density and
R-value markers installed at least one for every 300 square
feet (28 m2) through the attic, ceiling ((and/or wall)) space. In attics, the markers shall be affixed to the trusses or
joists and marked with the minimum initial installed thickness
((and minimum settled thickness)) with numbers a minimum 1.0
inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the attic
access. The thickness of installed attic insulation shall
meet or exceed the minimum initial installed thickness shown
by the marker. ((In cathedral ceilings and walls, the markers
shall be affixed to the rafter and wall frame at alternating
high and low intervals and marked with the minimum installed
density and R-value with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in
height. Each marker shall face the conditioned room area.))
502.1.4.2 Insulation Materials: All insulation materials
including facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers
installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a flame
spread rating of less than 25 and a smoke density not to
exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ASTM E84-01.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with section 2603 of the International Building Code.
2. When such materials are installed in concealed spaces of Types III, IV and V construction, the flame
spread and smoke developed limitations do not apply to facing, provided that the facing is installed in
substantial contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall comply with section 719 of the International Building Code.
502.1.4.3 Clearances: Where required, insulation shall
be installed with clearances according to manufacturer's
specifications. Insulation shall be installed so that
required ventilation is unobstructed. For blown or poured
loose fill insulation, clearances shall be maintained through
installation of a permanent retainer.
502.1.4.4 Access Hatches and Doors: Access doors from
conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and
crawl spaces) shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a
level equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding
surfaces. Access shall be provided to all equipment which
prevents damaging or compressing the insulation. A wood
framed or equivalent baffle or retainer must be provided when
loose fill insulation is installed, the purpose of which is to
prevent the loose fill insulation from spilling into the
living space when the attic access is opened, and to provide a
permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the
loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.5 Roof/Ceiling Insulation: Where two or more
layers of rigid board insulation are used in a roof assembly,
the vertical joints between each layer shall be staggered.
Open-blown or poured loose fill insulation may be used in
attic spaces where the slope of the ceiling is not more than 3
feet in 12 and there is at least 30 inches of clear distance
from the top of the bottom chord of the truss or ceiling joist
to the underside of the sheathing at the roof ridge. When
eave vents are installed, baffling of the vent openings shall
be provided so as to deflect the incoming air above the
surface of the insulation. Baffles shall be, rigid material,
resistant to wind driven moisture. Requirements for baffles
for ceiling insulation shall meet the International Building
Code section 1203.2 for minimum ventilation requirements. When feasible, the baffles shall be installed from the top of
the outside of the exterior wall, extending inward, to a point
6 inches vertically above the height of noncompressed
insulation, and 12 inches vertically above loose fill
insulation.
502.1.4.6 Wall Insulation: Insulation installed in
exterior walls shall comply with the provisions of this
section. All wall insulation shall fill the entire framed
cavity. Exterior wall cavities isolated during framing shall
be fully insulated to the levels of the surrounding walls.
All faced insulation shall be face stapled to avoid
compression.
| EXCEPTION: | Framed cavity can be empty or partially filled provided: |
| 1. The wall assembly calculations are performed along with a completed performance calculation for
the whole building; and |
|
| 2. Insulation installed in partially filled cavities is not included in the performance calculation. |
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Insulation may be omitted from floor areas over heated basements, heated garages or underfloor
areas used as HVAC supply plenums. When foundation walls are insulated, the insulation shall be
attached in a permanent manner. The insulation shall not block the airflow through foundation vents
when installed. When foundation vents are not placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower
surface of the floor insulation, a permanently attached baffle shall be installed at an angle of 30° from
horizontal, to divert air flow below the lower surface of the floor insulation.
2. Substantial contact with the surface being insulated is not required in enclosed floor/ceiling
assemblies containing ducts where full depth insulation is installed between the duct and the exterior
surface.
502.1.4.8 Slab-On-Grade: Slab-on-grade insulation((,
installed)) shall be placed on the outside of the foundation
or on the inside of the foundation wall((,)). The insulation
shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum
distance of 24 inches or downward to at least the bottom of
the slab and then horizontally ((beneath the slab for a
minimum combined distance of 24 inches. Insulation installed
outside the foundation shall extend downward to a minimum of
24 inches or to the frostline)) to the interior or exterior
for the total distance of 24 inches. Above grade insulation
shall be protected. A 2-inch by 2-inch (maximum) nailer may
be placed at the finished floor elevation for attachment of
interior finish materials.
((
EXCEPTION:For monolithic slabs, the insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab to the bottom of
the footing.))
502.1.4.9 Radiant Slabs: The entire area of a radiant
slab shall be thermally isolated from the soil, with a minimum
of R-10 insulation. The insulation shall be an approved
product for its intended use. If a soil gas control system is
present below the radiant slab, which results in increased
convective flow below the radiant slab, the radiant slab shall
be thermally isolated from the sub-slab gravel layer. R-10
radiant slab insulation is required for all compliance paths.
502.1.4.10 Below Grade Walls: Below grade exterior wall
insulation used on the exterior (cold) side of the wall shall
extend from the top of the below grade wall to the top of the
footing and shall be approved for below grade use. Above
grade insulation shall be protected.
Insulation used on the interior (warm) side of the wall
shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the below
grade floor level.
502.1.5 Glazing and Door U-factors: Glazing and door
U-factors shall be determined in accordance with sections
502.1.5.1 and 502.1.5.2. All products shall be labeled with
the NFRC certified or default U-factor. The labeled U-factor
shall be used in all calculations to determine compliance with
this Code. Sealed insulating glass shall conform to, or be in
test for, ASTM E-774-81 class A.
| (( |
|
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Glazing products without NFRC ratings may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for
vertical glazing and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
2. Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from
Table 10-6A for garden windows, from Table 10-6B for other vertical glazing, and from Table 10-6E
for overhead glazing.
502.1.5.2 Standard Procedure for Determination of Door
U-factors: All doors, including fire doors, shall be assigned
default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. U-factors determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating
Council (NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification
and inspection agency licensed by the NFRC.
2. The default values for the opaque portions of doors shall be those listed in Table 10-6C, provided
that the U-factor listed for a door with a thermal break shall only be allowed if both the door and the
frame have a thermal break.
3. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be
installed for ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be
included in the U-factor calculation requirements, however glazing area shall be included in glazing area
calculations.
502.1.6 Moisture Control:
502.1.6.1 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarders shall be
installed on the warm side (in winter) of insulation as
specified in the following cases.
| EXCEPTION: | Vapor retarder installed with not more than 1/3 of the nominal R-value between it and the conditioned space. |
502.1.6.3 Roof/Ceilings: Roof/ceiling assemblies where
the ventilation space above the insulation is less than an
average of 12 inches shall be provided with a vapor retarder.
Faced batt insulation where used as a vapor retarder shall be
face stapled. Single rafter joist vaulted ceiling cavities
shall be of sufficient depth to allow a minimum one inch
vented air space above the insulation.
| EXCEPTION: | Unvented attic assemblies (spaces between the ceiling joists of the top story and the roof rafters) shall be permitted if all the following conditions are met: |
| 1. The unvented attic space is completely contained within the building thermal envelope. | |
| 2. No interior vapor retarders are installed on the ceiling side (attic floor) of the unvented attic assembly. | |
| 3. Where wood shingles or shakes are used, a minimum 1/4 inch (6 mm) vented air space separates the shingles or shakes and the roofing underlayment above the structural sheathing. | |
| 4. Any air-impermeable insulation shall be a vapor retarder, or shall have a vapor retarder coating or covering in direct contact with the underside of the insulation. | |
| 5. Either items a, b or c shall be met, depending on the air permeability of the insulation directly under the structural roof sheathing. | |
| a. Air-impermeable insulation only. Insulation shall be applied in direct contact to the underside of the structural roof sheathing. | |
| b. Air-permeable insulation only. In addition to the air-permeable insulation installed directly below the structural sheathing, rigid board or sheet insulation shall be installed directly above the structural roof sheathing as specified per WA Climate Zone for condensation control. | |
| i. Climate Zone #1 R-10 minimum rigid board or air-impermeable insulation R-value. | |
| ii. Climate Zone #2 R-25 minimum rigid board or air-impermeable insulation R-value. | |
| c. Air-impermeable and air-permeable insulation. The air-impermeable insulation shall be applied in direct contact to the underside of the structural roof sheathing as specified per WA Climate Zone for condensation control. The air-permeable insulation shall be installed directly under the air-impermeable insulation. | |
| i. Climate Zone #1 R-10 minimum rigid board or air-impermeable insulation R-value. | |
| ii. Climate Zone #2 R-25 minimum rigid board or air-impermeable insulation R-value. |
502.1.6.5: Vapor retarders shall not be required where
all of the insulation is installed between the roof membrane
and the structural roof deck.
502.1.6.6 Walls: Walls separating conditioned space from
unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed.
Faced batt insulation shall be face stapled.
| EXCEPTION: | For climate zone 1, wood framed walls with a minimum of nominal R-5 continuous insulated sheathing installed outside of the framing and structural sheathing. For climate zone 2, wood framed walls with a minimum of nominal R-7.5 continuous insulated sheathing installed outside of the framing and structural sheathing. The interior cavity insulation for this exception shall be a maximum of nominal R-21. |
| EXCEPTION: | The ground cover may be omitted in crawl spaces if the crawl space has a concrete slab floor with a minimum thickness of 3-1/2 inches. |
502.2.1 UA Calculations: The proposed UA as calculated
using Equations 2 and 3 shall not exceed the target UA as
calculated using Equation 1. For the purpose of determining
equivalent thermal performance, the glazing area for the
target UA shall be calculated using values in Table 5-1. The
opaque door area shall be the same in the target UA and the
proposed UA. When showing compliance with Table 9-1 using
options 3a, 3b or 3c, the proposed design shall be less than
the target UA by the fraction noted in the table.
| EXCEPTION: | Log and solid timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" and with space heat type other than electric resistance, are exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations. |
1. Electric Resistance: Space heating systems which
include baseboard units, radiant units and forced air units as
either the primary or secondary heating system.
| EXCEPTION: | Electric resistance systems for which the total electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling unit does not exceed the greater of: 1) One thousand watts (1000 w) per dwelling unit, or; 2) One watt per square foot (1 w/ft2) of the gross floor area. |
502.3 Reserved.
502.4 Air Leakage:
502.4.1 General: The requirements of this section shall
apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof,
and only to those locations separating outdoor ambient
conditions from interior spaces that are heated or
mechanically cooled.
502.4.2 Doors and Windows, General: Exterior doors and
windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from
the building envelope. Site-constructed doors and windows
shall be sealed in accordance with Section 502.4.3.
502.4.3 Seals and Weatherstripping:
a. Exterior joints around windows and door frames,
openings between walls and foundation, between walls and roof
and wall panels; openings at penetrations of utility services
through walls, floors and roofs; and all other openings in the
building envelope ((for all occupancies)) and all other
openings in between units ((in R-1 and R-2 Occupancy)) shall
be sealed, caulked, gasketed or weatherstripped to limit air
leakage. Other exterior joints and seams shall be similarly
treated, or taped, or covered with moisture vapor permeable
housewrap.
b. All exterior doors or doors serving as access to an
enclosed unheated area shall be weatherstripped to limit
leakage around their perimeter when in a closed position.
c. Site built windows are exempt from testing but shall
be made tight fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained
by stops with sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash
shall have weatherstripping working against overlapping trim
and a closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The
window frame to framing crack shall be made tight with
caulking, overlapping membrane or other approved technique.
d. Openings that are required to be fire resistive are
exempt from this section.
502.4.4 Recessed ((Lighting Fixtures)) Luminaires: When
installed in contact with the building envelope, recessed
((lighting fixtures)) luminaires shall be Type IC rated and
certified under ASTM E283 to have no more than 2.0 cfm air
movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. The ((lighting fixture)) luminaire shall be tested at 75
Pascals or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and have a label
attached, showing compliance with this test method. Recessed
((lighting fixtures)) luminaires shall be installed with a
gasket or caulk between the fixture and ceiling to prevent air
leakage.
502.4.5 Building Air Leakage Testing: Building envelope
air leakage control shall be considered acceptable when tested
to have an air leakage is less than 0.00030 Specific Leakage
Area (SLA) when tested with a blower door at a pressure of 50
Pascals (0.2 inch w.g.). Testing shall occur any time after
rough in and after installation of penetrations of the
building envelope, including penetrations for utilities,
plumbing, electrical, ventilation, and combustion appliances
and sealing thereof. When required by the building official,
the test shall be conducted in the presence of department
staff. The blower door test results shall be recorded on the
certificate required in Section 105.4.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Additions less than 750 square feet. |
| 2. Once a visual inspection has confirmed the presence of a gasket (see Section 502.4), operable windows and doors manufactured by a small business shall be permitted to be sealed off at the frame prior to the test. |
| SLA | = | (CFM50 x 0.055) / (CFA x 144) |
| CFM50 | = | Blower door fan flow at 50 Pascal pressure difference |
| CFA | = | Conditioned Floor Area of the housing unit |
1. Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors shall be closed, but not sealed;
2. Dampers shall be closed, but not sealed; including exhaust, intake, makeup air, back draft, and flue dampers;
3. Interior doors connecting conditioned spaces shall be open; access hatches to conditioned crawl spaces and conditioned attics shall be open; doors connecting to unconditioned spaces closed but not sealed;
4. Exterior openings for continuous operation ventilation systems and heat recovery ventilators shall be closed and sealed;
5. Heating and cooling system(s) shall be turned off;
6. HVAC ducts supply and return registers shall not be sealed.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 09-06-024, § 51-11-0502, filed 2/23/09, effective 7/1/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0502, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
503.1 General: This section covers the determination of
design requirements, system and component performance, control
requirements, insulating systems and duct sealing. For all
other duct construction requirements, refer to the State
Mechanical Code (chapter ((51-42)) 51-52 WAC).
503.2 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads, and
System Sizing Limits: The design parameters specified in
Chapter 3 shall apply for all computations.
503.2.1 Calculation Procedures: Heating and cooling
design loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems are
required and shall be calculated in accordance with accepted
engineering practice, including infiltration and ventilation.
503.2.2 Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing
Limits: ((Building)) Mechanical systems for all buildings
which provide space heating and/or space cooling shall be
sized ((no greater than one hundred fifty percent (150%) of
the heating and cooling design loads as calculated above)) as
required in IRC Section M1401.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
The following limited exemptions from the sizing limit shall be allowed; however, in all cases heating
and/or cooling design load calculations shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and cooling in one package unit, including heat pumps
with electric heating and cooling and gas-pack units with gas heating and electric cooling, compliance
need only be demonstrated for ((
either)) the larger of the space heating or space cooling load for the
selected system size.
2. Natural gas- or oil-fired space heating equipment whose total rated space heating output in any one
dwelling unit is 40,000 Btu/h or less is exempt from the sizing limit.
((
a. 40,000 Btu/h or less is exempt from the sizing limit,
b. Larger than 40,000 Btu/h may exceed the one hundred fifty (150%) percent sizing limit but not
exceed 250 percent provided that the installed equipment has an annual fuel utilization efficiency
(AFUE) of ninety (90%) percent or greater.))
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and other devices are provided which allow
redundant equipment to operate only when the primary equipment is not operating.
4. Electric resistance heaters under 2 kW.
503.3 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: Systems and
equipment that provide simultaneous heating and cooling shall
comply with the requirements in, as appropriate, Section 1422
or Section 1435.
503.4 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements: All
heating equipment shall meet the requirements of the National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) and be so labeled. Equipment shall also comply with Section 1411.
503.4.1 Fan Power: Furnace and space conditioning air
handling equipment covered under this section shall have
direct induction fans (variable speed DC motors) with the
capability of having reduced speed of at least 75 percent of
the main rating power. The use of these fans for ventilation
or circulation separate from space conditioning shall be
restricted to a maximum of 50 percent of the rated fan power.
503.5 Reserved.
503.6 Balancing: The HVAC system design shall provide a
means for balancing air and water systems. Balancing the
system shall include, but not be limited to, dampers,
temperature and pressure test connections and balancing
valves.
503.7 Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer Cycle):
Systems and equipment that provide mechanical cooling shall
comply with Section 1413 and, as appropriate, Section 1423 or
1433.
503.8 Controls:
503.8.1 Temperature Control: The primary space
conditioning system within each dwelling unit shall be
provided with at least one programmable thermostat for the
regulation of temperature. The thermostat shall allow for, at
a minimum, a 5-2 programmable schedule (weekdays/weekends) and
be capable of providing at least two programmable setback
periods per day.
Each additional system provided within a dwelling unit shall be provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the regulation of temperature. The thermostat shall allow for, at a minimum, a 5-2 programmable scheduled (weekdays/weekends).
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Systems controlled by an occupant sensor that is capable of shutting the system off when no occupant is sensed for a period of up to thirty minutes. |
| 2. Systems controlled solely by a manually operated timer capable of operating the system for no more than two hours. |
503.8.1.1: When used to control heating only:
Fifty-five degrees to seventy-five degrees F.
503.8.1.2: When used to control cooling only: Seventy
degrees to eighty-five degrees F.
503.8.1.3: When used to control both heating and
cooling, it shall be capable of being set from fifty-five
degrees to eighty-five degrees F and shall be capable of
operating the system heating and cooling in sequence. The
thermostat and/or control system shall have an adjustable
deadband of not less than ten degrees F.
503.8.2 Humidity Control: If a system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected
relative humidities in space or zones, a humidistat shall be
provided. Humidistats shall be capable of being set to
prevent new energy from being used to produce space-relative
humidity above thirty percent.
EXCEPTION:
Special uses requiring different relative humidities may be permitted when approved by the building
official.
503.8.3 Zoning for Temperature Control:
503.8.3.1 One- and Two-Family Dwellings: At least one
thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be
provided for each separate system. In addition, a readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each zone or floor.
503.8.3.2 Multifamily Dwellings: For multifamily
dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall have at least
one thermostat for regulation of space temperature. A readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each room. Spaces other than living units shall meet
the requirements of 503.8.3.3.
503.8.3.3 Control Setback and Shutoff:
One- and Two-Family and Individual Multifamily dwelling
units -- The thermostat required in section 503.8.3.1 or section
503.8.3.2, or an alternate means such as a switch or clock,
shall provide a readily accessible, manual or automatic means
for reducing the energy required for heating and cooling
during the periods of nonuse or reduced need, such as, but not
limited to unoccupied periods and sleeping hours. Lowering
thermostat set points to reduce energy consumption of heating
systems shall not cause energy to be expended to reach the
reduced setting.
503.8.3.4 Systems Serving Multiple Dwelling Units, Guest
Rooms, and Common Areas: Systems that serve more than two
dwelling units, guest rooms, and common areas shall comply
with the control requirements in Sections 1412 and 1432, with
the exceptions of Sections 1412.4.2 and 1432.1.
503.8.3.5 Heat Pump Controls: ((Programmable thermostats
are required for all heat pump systems. The cut-on
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than
the cut-on temperature for the supplementary heat, and the
cut-off temperature for the compression heating shall be
higher than the cut-off temperature for the supplementary
heat. Heat pump thermostats will be capable of providing at
least two programmable setback periods per day. The automatic
setback thermostat shall have the capability of limiting the
use of supplemental heat during the warm-up period.)) Heat
pumps with supplementary electric resistance heaters shall
have controls complying with Section 503.8.1. In addition,
controls shall meet the following requirements:
1. Prevent supplementary heater operation when the
heating load can be met by the heat pump alone; and
2. The cut-on temperature for compression heating shall
be higher than the cut-on temperature for supplementary
heating, and the cut-off temperature for compressing heating
shall be higher than the cut-off temperature for supplementary
heating.
All heat pumps installed under this section shall include
the capability to lock out the supplementary heat based on
outdoor temperature. This control shall have a maximum
setting of 40°F. At final inspection, the lock out control
shall be set to 32°F or less.
| EXCEPTION: | The controls may allow supplementary heater operation during defrost. |
EXCEPTIONS:
Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not required in any of the following
cases:
1. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements
of the building.
2. Within the HVAC equipment.
3. Exhaust air ducts.
4. Supply or return air ducts installed in ((
unvented crawl spaces with insulated walls,)) basements((,)) or
cellars in one- and two-family dwellings.
5. The insulation required on supply air ducts may be reduced to R-4 when installed in buffer spaces not
intended for human occupancy such as insulation crawl spaces and enclosed attic spaces. The buffer
space must be air sealed and insulated to the full value of conditioned spaces.
503.10 Ducts.
503.10.1 Installation of ducts in exterior walls, floors
or ceilings shall not displace required envelope insulation.
Building cavities may not be used as ducts.
503.10.2 Leakage Testing: ((High-pressure and
medium-pressure ducts shall be leak tested in accordance with
the 1985 Edition of the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test
Manual with the rate of air leakage not to exceed the maximum
rate specified in that standard.)) Ducts shall be leak tested
in accordance with RS-33, using the maximum duct leakage rates
specified in Section 503.10.3.
((503.10.2)) 503.10.3 Sealing: All ducts, air handlers,
filter boxes, and building cavities used as ducts shall be
sealed. Joints and seams shall comply with Section M1601.3 of
the International Residential Code or Section 603.9 of the
International Mechanical Code. Duct tightness testing shall
be conducted to verify that the ducts are sealed. A signed
affidavit documenting the test results shall be provided to
the jurisdiction having authority by the testing agent. When
required by the building official, the test shall be conducted
in the presence of department staff. Duct tightness shall be
verified by either of the following:
1. Postconstruction test: Leakage to outdoors shall be
less than or equal to 6 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor
area or a total leakage less than or equal to 8 cfm per 100 ft2
of conditioned floor area when tested at a pressure
differential of 0.1 inches w.g. (25 Pa) across the entire
system, including the manufacturer's air handler enclosure.
All register boots shall be taped or otherwise sealed during
the test.
2. Rough-in test: Total leakage shall be less than or
equal to 6 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area when
tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 inches w.g. (25 Pa)
across the roughed-in system, including the manufacturer's air
handler enclosure. All register boots shall be taped or
otherwise sealed during the test. If the air handler is not
installed at the time of the test, total leakage shall be less
than or equal to 4 cfm per 100 ft2 of conditioned floor area.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Duct tightness test is not required if the air handler and all ducts are located within conditioned space. |
| 2. Duct tightness test is not required if the furnace is a nondirect vent type combustion appliance installed in an unconditioned space. A maximum of six feet of connected ductwork in the unconditioned space is allowed. All additional supply and return ducts shall be within the conditioned space. Ducts outside the conditioned space shall be sealed with a mastic type duct sealant and insulated on the exterior with R-8 insulation for above grade ducts and R-5 water resistant insulation when within a slab or earth. |
503.11 Pipe Insulation: All piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 5-12.
EXCEPTION:
Piping installed within unitary HVAC equipment.
Cold water pipes outside the conditioned space shall be
insulated in accordance with the Washington State Plumbing
Code (chapter 51-56 WAC).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 09-06-024, § 51-11-0503, filed 2/23/09, effective 7/1/10. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0503, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045, and 19.27.020. 98-24-075, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0503, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0503, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
504.1 Scope: The purpose of this section is to provide
criteria for design and equipment selection that will produce
energy savings when applied to ((service)) domestic water
((heating)) systems.
504.2 Water Heaters, Storage Tanks and Boilers:
504.2.1 Performance Efficiency: ((All Storage water
heaters shall meet the requirements of the National Appliance
Energy Conservation Act and be so labeled.)) Domestic water
heating equipment shall comply with the applicable
efficiencies in Tables 14-1A through 14-1G. All electric
water heaters in unheated spaces or on concrete floors shall
be placed on an incompressible, insulated surface with a
minimum thermal resistance of R-10.
For combination space and service water heaters with a
principal function of providing space heat, the Combined
Annual Efficiency (CAE) may be calculated by using ASHRAE
Standard 124-1991. Storage water heaters used in combination
space heat and water heat applications shall have either an
Energy Factor (EF) or a Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) of
not less than the following:
| Energy Factor (EF) | Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) | |
| <50 gallon storage | 0.58 | 0.71 |
| 50 to 70 gallon storage | 0.57 | 0.71 |
| >70 gallon storage | 0.55 | 0.70 |
504.2.3 Combination Service Water Heating/Space Heating
Boilers: Service water heating equipment shall not be
dependent on year round operation of space heating boilers.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Systems with service/space heating boilers having a standby loss Btu/h less than: | ||
| (13.3 pmd + 400)/n | |||
| determined by the fixture count method where: | |||
| pmd | = | probably maximum demand in gallons/hour as determined in accordance with Chapter 49 of Standard RS-11. | |
| n | = | fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9° F. | |
| The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of twenty-four-hour duration while maintaining a boiler water temperature of ninety degrees F above an ambient of sixty degrees F and a five foot stack on appliance. | |||
| 2. For systems where the use of a single heating unit will lead to energy savings, such unit shall be utilized. | |||
504.4 Shutdown: A separate switch shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to electric service
water heating systems. A separate valve shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s)
of all other types of service water heater systems.
504.5 Swimming Pools:
504.5.1 Controls: All pool heaters shall be equipped
with readily accessible ON/OFF switch to allow shutting off
the operation of the heater without adjusting the thermostat
setting. Controls shall be provided to allow the water
temperature to be regulated from the maximum design
temperature down to sixty-five degrees F.
504.5.2 Residential Pool Pumps:
504.5.2.1 Motor Efficiency: Pool pump motors may not be
split-phase or capacitor start-induction run type.
504.5.2.2 Two-Speed Capability:
1. Pump motors: Pool pump motors with a capacity of 1 hp
or more shall have the capability of operating at two or more
speeds with low speed having a rotation rate that is no more
than one-half of the motor's maximum rotation rate.
2. Pump controls: Pool pump motor controls shall have
the capability of operating the pool pump with at least two
speeds. The default circulation speed shall be the lowest
speed, with a high speed override capability being for a
temporary period not to exceed one normal cycle.
504.5.2.3 Portable Electric Spas: The standby power of
portable electric spas shall not be greater than 5(V2/3) watts
where V = the total volume, in gallons.
504.5.3 Pool Covers: Heated swimming pools shall be
equipped with a pool cover, approved by the building official.
504.6 Pump Operation: Circulating ((hot)) water systems
shall be controlled so that the circulation pump(s) can be
conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the
((hot)) water system is not in operation.
504.7 Pipe Insulation: Piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with section 503.11.
504.8 Conservation of ((Hot)) Water:
504.8.1 Showers and Lavatories: Showers and lavatories
used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow
control devices or specially manufactured showerheads or
aerators to limit the total water flow rate as set forth in
chapter 51-56 WAC, as measured with both hot and cold faucets
turned on to their maximum flow.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0504, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0504, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
505.1 Interior Lighting ((Controls)): ((Hotel and motel
guest rooms and guest suites shall have a master control
device at the main room entry that controls all permanently
installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
505.2 Lighting Power: Lighting shall comply with the
Prescriptive Lighting Option in Section 1520 or the Lighting
Power Allowance Option in Section 1530.
| EXCEPTION: | Lighting that complies with the Prescriptive Lighting Option in Section 1520 or the Lighting Power Allowance Option in Section 1530. |
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Permanently installed outdoor luminaires that are not high efficacy shall be allowed provided they are controlled by a motion sensor(s) with integral photocontrol photosensor. |
| 2. Permanently installed luminaires in or around swimming pools, water features. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0505, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0505, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0505, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
align="center"
EQUATION 1 -- ((GROUP R OCCUPANCY)) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
TARGET UA
| UAT | = | UWAW + UBGWABGW + UVGAVG + UOGAOG + UFAF + URCARC + UCCACC + UDAD + FSPS | ||
| Where: | ||||
| UAT | = | the target combined thermal transmittance of the gross exterior wall, floor and roof/ceiling assembly area. | ||
| UW | = | the thermal transmittance value of the opaque above grade wall area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| AW | = | opaque above grade wall area. | ||
| UBGW | = | the thermal transmittance value of the below grade opaque wall area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| ABGW | = | opaque below grade wall area. | ||
| UVG | = | the thermal transmittance value of the vertical glazing area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| AVG | = | 15% of the total floor area of the conditioned space minus AOG. | ||
| UOG | = | the thermal transmittance value of the overhead glazing area found in Table 5-1 (see Table 5-1 footnote 2). | ||
| AOG | = | overhead glazing area (if the proposed AOG exceeds 15 percent, the target AOG shall be 15 percent of the total floor area of the conditioned space). | ||
| UF | = | the thermal transmittance value of the floor area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| AF | = | floor area over unconditioned space. | ||
| URC | = | the thermal transmittance value of the roof/ceiling area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| ARC | = | roof/ceiling area. | ||
| UCC | = | the thermal transmittance value of the cathedral ceiling area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| ACC | = | cathedral ceiling area. | ||
| UD | = | the thermal transmittance value of the opaque door area found in Table 5-1. | ||
| AD | = | opaque door area. | ||
| FS | = | concrete slab component F-factor found in Table 5-1. | ||
| PS | = | lineal ft. of concrete slab perimeter. | ||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0525, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0525, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0525, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0525, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
EQUATION 3 -- ((GROUP R OCCUPANCY)) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
PROPOSED UA
| UA | = | UWAW+ UBGWABGW+ UVGAVG+ UOGAOG+ UFAF+ URCARC+ UCCACC+ UDAD+ FSPS | |
| Where: | |||
| UA | = | the combined thermal transmittance of the gross exterior wall, floor and roof/ceiling assembly area. | |
| UW | = | the thermal transmittance of the opaque wall area. | |
| AW | = | opaque wall area. | |
| UBGW | = | the thermal transmittance value of the below grade opaque wall area. | |
| ABGW | = | opaque below grade wall area. | |
| UVG | = | the thermal transmittance value of the vertical glazing area. | |
| AVG | = | vertical glazing area, including windows in exterior doors. | |
| UOG | = | the thermal transmittance value of the overhead glazing area. | |
| AOG | = | overhead glazing area. | |
| UF | = | the thermal transmittance of the floor area. | |
| AF | = | floor area over unconditioned space. | |
| URC | = | the thermal transmittance of the roof/ceiling area. | |
| ARC | = | roof/ceiling area. | |
| UCC | = | the thermal transmittance of the cathedral ceiling area. | |
| ACC | = | cathedral ceiling area. | |
| UD | = | the thermal transmittance value of the opaque door area. | |
| AD | = | opaque door area. | |
| FS | = | concrete slab component F-factor. | |
| PS | = | lineal ft. of concrete slab perimeter. | |
| NOTE : Where more than one type of wall, window, roof/ceiling, door and skylight is used, the U and A terms for those items shall be expanded into sub-elements as: | |||
| UW1AW1+ UW2AW2+ UW3AW3+ . . . etc. | |||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0527, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0527, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0527, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
TABLE 5-1
TARGET COMPONENT VALUES FOR ((GROUP R
OCCUPANCY)) SINGLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
| Climate Zone | ||
| Component | 1 | 2 |
| Glazing % Floor Area | 15% | 15% |
| Vertical Glazing U-Factor | U = 0.30 | U = 0.30 |
| Vertical Glazing U-Factor (( |
|
U = 0.400 U = 0.350 U = 0.30 |
| Overhead Glazing U-Factor | (( |
(( |
| Doors | U = 0.200 (( |
U = 0.200 (( |
| Ceilings (( Single Rafter/ Joist Vaulted3)) |
(( (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30))) U = 0.027 |
(( (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30))) U = 0.027 |
| Walls((
|
U = (( (R-21))) 0.056 |
U = (( (R-19A +R-5))) 0.056 |
| Floors | U = 0.029 (( |
U = 0.029 (( |
| Slab on Grade (( |
F = (( (R-10))) 0.36 |
F = (( (R-10))) 0.36 |
| Below Grade (( |
||
| Wall R-Value | (( |
(( |
| 2' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = (( F = (( |
U = (( F = (( |
| 3.5' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.041 F = 0.64 |
U = 0.041 F = 0.64 |
| 7' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.037 F = 0.57 |
U = 0.037 F = 0.57 |
| (( |
||
Slab |
F = 0.60 |
F = 0.60 |
Slab |
F = 0.57 |
F = 0.57 |
Slab |
F = 0.42 |
F = 0.42)) |
((2. "A" means advanced framing. For more information, see Section 1005.2.
3. Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings where both (a) the distance between the top of the ceiling and the underside of the roof sheathing is less than 12 inches and (b) there is a minimum 1-inch vented airspace above the insulation. Other single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings shall comply with the "ceiling" requirements. This option is limited to 500 square feet of ceiling area for any one dwelling unit.))
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0530, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0530, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0530, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0530, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0530, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0530, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
| TABLE 5-11 INSULATION OF DUCTS |
||
DUCT LOCATION |
CLIMATE ZONE |
(( HEATING OR COOLING DUCTS |
On roof or on exterior of building |
I II |
E and W D and W |
| Attic, garage, crawl space, in walls1, in floor/ceiling1 |
I II |
E E |
| Within the
conditioned space
or in heated
basement |
None Required |
|
| In cement slab or in ground |
B |
| 1 | Insulation may be omitted on that portion of a duct which is located within a wall or floor-ceiling space where both sides of this space are exposed to conditioned air and where this space is not ventilated or otherwise exposed to unconditioned air. |
| 2 | Vapor barriers shall be installed on conditioned air
supply ducts in geographic areas where the average of the
July, August, and September mean dewpoint temperature
exceeds 60°F. |
| A. | 0.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-2. |
| B. | 2-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket 1.5-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket. 1.5-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-5. |
| C. | 3-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket 2-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket. 2-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-7. |
| D. | 4-inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket 3-inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiber blanket. 3-inch 3 to 7 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber board or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-10. |
| E. | 3.5 inch 0.60 lb/cu. ft. mineral or glass fiber blanket, 2.5 inch 1.5 to 2 lb/cu. ft. duct liner, mineral or glass fiberboard or equivalent to provide an installed total thermal resistance of at least R-8. |
| V. | Vapor barrier, with perm rating not greater than 0.5 perm, all joints sealed. |
| W. | Approved weatherproof barrier. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0540, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0540, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0540, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
TABLE 5-12
MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION ((REQUIREMENTS)) THICKNESS1
| Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range, °F |
Insulation Conductivity | Normal Pipe (( |
||||||
| Conductivity Range Btu•in./(h•ft2•°F) |
Mean Rating Temp. °F |
(( |
<1 (( less)) |
(( to (( |
(( to 4 |
(( to
(( |
> (( |
|
| Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate and Hot water)2 | (( |
|||||||
| (( 251-350 201-250 141-200 105-140 |
0.32-0.34 0.29-(( 0.27-0.30 0.25-0.29 0.24-0.28 |
250 200 150 125 100 |
(( (( (( (( (( |
(( 2.0 (( 2.0 1.5 1.0 |
(( 3.5 (( 3.0 (( 1.5 1.0 |
(( 3.5 (( 3.5 (( 2.5 1.5 (( 1.5 |
(( 4.5 3.5 (( 2.5 (( 2.0 1.5 |
(( 3.5 (( (( 1.5 |
| Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems | ||||||||
| ≥105 (( |
(( |
100 | (( |
1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine and Refrigerant) | ||||||||
| 40-55 (( |
(( 0.22-0.28 (( 0.22-0.28 |
(( 100 (( 100 |
(( (( |
(( 1.0 1.0 |
(( 1.0 1.5 |
(( 1.5 1.5 |
(( 1.5 1.5 |
(( (( |
| 1. | (( |
| T | = | (( |
||||
| Where: | ||||||
| T | = | Minimum insulation thickness (( |
||||
| (( |
= | (( |
||||
| t | = | Insulation thickness from Table 5-12(( |
||||
| K | = | Conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating
temperature indicated (( |
||||
| k | = | The (( |
||||
| 2. | (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0541, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0541, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
601.1 General: This chapter establishes design criteria
in terms of prescribed requirements for building construction.
The provisions of this chapter are applicable to all
((Group R Occupancies)) Single-Family residential. ((Occupancies)) Spaces shall comply with all the requirements
of Chapter 5 except for the modifications herein specified.
In addition, the design shall comply with the additional
energy efficiency requirements of Chapter 9.
For duplexes and townhouses, compliance shall be shown on a dwelling-unit by dwelling-unit basis. Averaging is not allowed.
For wood frame assemblies, the building envelope
requirements of this chapter may be met by installing one of
the prescriptive packages in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)). Installed
components shall meet the requirements of section 602.
Compliance with nominal R-Values shall be demonstrated for the
thermal resistance of the added insulation in framing cavities
and/or insulated sheathing only and shall not include the
thermal transmittance of other building materials or air
films, but shall permit interruption by occasional framing
members. Other than wood frame assemblies with continuous
insulation uninterrupted by framing shall also be allowed to
comply with nominal R-values.
For metal frame assemblies, compliance shall be
demonstrated in accordance with Chapter 4 or Chapter 5 based
on the assemblies in Chapter 10. Compliance with nominal
R-values is not allowed, unless the full nominal R-value of
the insulation is installed either inside or outside of the
framing and is uninterrupted by framing.
| (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0601, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, § 51-11-0601, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0601, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0601, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0601, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0601, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
602.1 Roof/Ceiling: Ceilings below vented attics and
single-rafter, joist-vaulted ceilings shall be insulated to
not less than the nominal R-value specified for ceilings in
Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
602.2 Exterior Walls Both Above and Below Grade: Above
grade exterior walls shall be insulated to not less than the
nominal R-value specified in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)) as
applicable. The following walls should be considered to meet
R-21 without additional documentation:
1. 2 x 6 framed and insulated with R-21 fiberglass batts.
2. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-15 fiberglass batts
plus R-4.0 foam sheathing.
3. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-13 fiberglass batts
plus R-5.0 foam sheathing.
4. 2 x 6 framed and insulated to full depth with spray
applied or blown insulation having a minimum R-value of 3.6
per inch of thickness.
602.3 Exterior Walls (Below Grade): Below grade exterior
walls surrounding conditioned space shall be insulated to not
less than the nominal R-value specified for below grade walls
in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)) as applicable.
602.4 Slab-on-grade Floors: Slab-on-grade floors shall
be insulated along their perimeter to not less than the
nominal R-values specified for slab-on-grade floors in Table
6-1 ((or 6-2)) as applicable. Slab insulation shall be
installed in compliance with section 502.1.4.8. See Chapter
5, section 502.1.4.9, for additional requirements for radiant
slab heating.
602.5 Floors Over Unconditioned Space: Floors over
unconditioned spaces, such as vented crawl spaces,
unconditioned basements, and parking garages shall be
insulated to not less than the nominal R-value shown for
floors over unconditioned spaces, in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)).
602.6 Exterior Doors: Doors shall comply with Sections
602.6.1 and 602.6.2.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Glazed doors whose area and U-factor are included in the calculations for compliance with the
requirements for glazing in section 602.7 shall be exempt from the door U-factor requirements
prescribed in Table 6-1 (( |
| 2. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be
installed per unit for ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall
not be included in either the U-factor or glazing area calculation requirements. |
602.6.2 Exterior Door U-Factor: Doors, including fire
doors, shall have a maximum area weighted average U-factor not
exceeding that prescribed in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)).
602.7 Glazing:
602.7.1 Glazing Area: The total glazing area as defined
in Chapter 2 shall not exceed the percentage of gross
conditioned floor area specified in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)). This area shall also include any glazing in doors.
602.7.2 Glazing U-Factor: The total glazing area as
defined in Chapter 2 shall have an area weighted average
U-factor not to exceed that specified in Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)).
U-factors for glazing shall be determined in accordance with
section 502.1.5. These areas and U-factors shall also include
any doors using the exception of section 602.6.
If the U-factors for all vertical and overhead glazing
products are below the appropriate U-factor specified, then no
calculations are required. If compliance is to be achieved
through an area weighted calculation, then the areas and
U-factors shall be included in the plans submitted with a
building permit application.
EXCEPTION:
((
Single glazing for ornamental, security, or architectural purposes and)) Double glazed garden windows
with a wood or vinyl frame shall be exempt from the U-factor calculations but shall have its area
tripled and shall be included in the percentage of the total glazing area as allowed for in Table 6-1 ((or
6-2)). The maximum area (before tripling) allowed for the total of all ((single glazing and)) garden
windows is one percent of the floor area or 20 square feet, whichever is less.
602.8 Air Leakage For ((Group R Occupancy)) Single-Family
Residential: The minimum air leakage control measures shall
be as specified in section 502.4 as applicable, including
building envelope air leakage testing.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0602, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076, § 51-11-0602, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0602, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0602, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0602, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0602, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
603.1: ((Group R Occupancies)) Spaces that are ((space))
heated by air-to-air, ground-to-air, or water-to-air heat
pumps shall comply with Table 6-1 ((or 6-2)). System sizing
shall be determined by an analysis consistent with section
503.2 of this Code((, or, when approved by the building
official, Chapter 9)). All mechanical equipment efficiencies
((and service water heating system efficiencies)) shall comply
with standard((s)) as stated in Section((s)) 503 ((and 504))
of this Code.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0603, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0603, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0603, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0604, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0604, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
TABLE 6-1
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR ((GROUP R OCCUPANCY)) SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL
CLIMATE ZONE 1 AND 2
| Option | Glazing Area10: % of Floor |
Glazing U-Factor | Door9 U- Factor |
Ceiling2 | Vaulted Ceiling3 | Wall12 Above Grade | Wall• int4 Below Grade | Wall• ext4 Below Grade | Floor5 | Slab6 on Grade |
|
| Vertical | Overhead11 | ||||||||||
| I. | (( 13% |
(( 0.34 |
(( |
0.20 | R-49 or R-38 adv | (( R-38 |
(( R-21 int7 |
(( R-21 TB |
R-10 | R-30 | R-10 2' |
| II.* | (( 25% |
(( 0.32 |
(( 0.50 |
0.20 | R-49 or R-38 adv | (( R-38 |
R-21 int7 | R-21 TB | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 2' |
| (( |
Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy only |
U = 0.031 |
U = 0.034 |
U = 0.057 |
U = 0.029 |
||||||
| (( |
Unlimited
(( |
(( 0.30 |
(( 0.50 |
0.20 | R-49 or
R-38(( U = 0.031)) adv |
(( U = 0.034)) R-38 |
R-21(( U = 0.057)) int |
(( |
R-10 | R-30(( U = 0.029)) |
R-10 2' |
| * | Reference Case |
| 0. | Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1. |
| 1. | Minimum requirements for each option listed. For example, if a proposed design has a glazing ratio to the conditioned floor area of 13%, it shall comply with all of the requirements of the 15% glazing option (or higher). Proposed designs which cannot meet the specific requirements of a listed option above may calculate compliance by Chapters 4 or 5 of this Code. |
| 2. | Requirement applies to all ceilings except single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings complying with note 3. 'Adv' denotes Advanced Framed Ceiling. |
| 3. | Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings (( |
| 4. | Below grade walls shall be insulated either on the exterior to a minimum level of (( |
| 5. | Floors over crawl spaces or exposed to ambient air conditions. |
| 6. | Required slab perimeter insulation shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.4. For slabs inside a foundation wall, the insulation shall be installed to provide a thermal break between the slab edge and the foundation. Monolithic slabs shall include insulation, installed outside the foundation wall, and shall extend downward from the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or downward and then horizontally for a minimum combined distance of 24 inches. Monolithic slabs shall also include R-10 insulation under the nonload bearing portions of the slab. |
| 7. | Int. denotes standard framing 16 inches on center with headers insulated with a minimum of R-10 insulation. |
| 8. | (( |
| 9. | Doors, including all fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C. |
| 10. | Where a maximum glazing area is listed, the total glazing area (combined vertical plus overhead) as a percent of gross
conditioned floor area shall be less than or equal to that value. Overhead glazing with U-factor of (( |
| 11. | Overhead glazing shall have U-factors determined in accordance with NFRC 100 or as specified in Section 502.1.5. |
| 12. | Log and solid timber walls with a minimum average thickness of 3.5" are exempt from this insulation requirement. |
TABLE 6-2
((PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY)) RESERVED.
CLIMATE ZONE 2
| (( |
% of Floor |
U- Factor |
on Grade |
||||||||
+R-58 |
|||||||||||
+R-58 |
|||||||||||
Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy only |
U = 0.031 |
U = 0.034 |
U = 0.054 |
U = 0.029 |
F = 0.54 |
||||||
Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy only |
|||||||||||
Group R-1 Occupancy only |
U = 0.031 |
U = 0.034 |
int7/ U = 0.054 |
U = 0.029 |
F = 0.54)) |
||||||
| (( |
|
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04; 02-24-076, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0625, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0625, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0625, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0625, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
| REFERENCE STANDARD NO. |
TITLE AND SOURCE |
| RS-1 | (( |
| RS-2 | Super Good Cents Technical Reference C Builder's Field Guide. |
| RS-3 | (Reserved). |
| RS-4 | ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. |
| RS-5 | 2006 ASHRAE Refrigeration Handbook. |
| RS-6 | (( |
| RS-7 | SMACNA, HVAC Duct Construction
Standards, Metal and Flexible, (( |
| RS-8 | (( |
| RS-9 | ASHRAE/IESNA Standard (( |
| RS-10 | (( |
| RS-11 | (( |
| RS-12 | through RS-28 (Reserved). |
| RS-29 | Nonresidential Building Design by Systems Analysis. |
| RS-30 | Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 430 (March 14, 1988). |
| RS-31 | National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) Standard 100-2004. |
| RS-32 | Seattle EnvStd 2006. |
| RS-33 | Duct Testing Standard for New and Existing Construction, Washington State University Extension Energy Program Publication #WSUEEP 09-008. |
| RS-34 | Optional Acceptance Requirements for Nonresidential Buildings, SBCC 2009. |
Phone 212-642-4900 fax 212-398-0023, internet www.ansi.org
((ARI)) AHRI refers to the Air Conditioning, Heating and
Refrigeration Institute, 4301 N. Fairfax Dr., Suite 425,
Arlington, VA 22203
Phone 703-524-8800 fax 703-528-3816, internet www.ari.org
ASHRAE refers to the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791
Tullie Circle, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30329
Phone 404-636-8400 fax 404-321-5478, internet www.ashrae.org
ASTM refers to the American Society for Testing and
Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959
Phone 610-832-9585 fax 610-832-9555, internet www.astm.org
CTI refers to the Cooling Tower Institute, 530 Wells
Fargo Drive, Suite 218, Houston, TX 77090
Phone 281-583-4087 fax 281-537-1721, internet www.cti.org
IESNA refers to the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America, 120 Wall Street, Floor 17, New York, NY
10005-4001
Phone 212-248-5000 fax 212-248-5017, internet www.iesna.org
NFRC refers to the National Fenestration Rating Council,
Incorporated, 8484 Georgia Avenue, Suite 320, Silver Spring,
Maryland 20910
Phone 301-589-1776 fax 301-589-3884, internet www.nfrc.org
SBCC refers to the Washington State Building Code
Council, P.O. Box 42525, Olympia, WA 98504-2525
Phone 360-725-2990 fax 360-586-9383, internet www.sbcc.wa.gov
SMACNA refers to the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning
Contractors National Association, Inc., 4201 Lafayette Center
Drive, P.O. Box 221230, Chantilly, VA 20153-1230
Phone 703-803-2980 fax 703-803-3732, internet www.smacna.org
WSU refers to the Washington State University Extension
Energy Program, 905 Plum Street S.E., Building #3, P.O. Box
43165, Olympia, WA 98506-3166
Phone 360-956-2000 fax 360-956-2217, internet www.energy.wsu.edu
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0701, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0701, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0701, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0701, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0701, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
The following is a list of suggested software, but not limited to:
| Program Name: | Source | |
| (( |
40 Lincoln Street Lexington, MA 02173 (617) 861-0109)) |
|
| DOE (( |
(( 1204-1/2 Washington Avenue Golden, CO 80401 (303) 279-8136)) Energy Science Technology Software Center (ESTSC) P.O. Box 1220 Oakridge, TN 37831-1020 423-576-2606 |
|
| (( |
4406 Fox Bluff Rd. Middleton, WI 53562 (608) 836-8531 |
|
1721 Arroyo Drive Auburn, CA 95603 (800) 755-5903 |
||
2812 East Madison St. Seattle, WA 98112 (206) 322-3753)) |
||
| DOE 2.2 (EQuest) | James J. Hirsch & Associates Building Performance Analysis Software & Consulting 12185 Presilla Road Camarillo, CA 93012-9243 805-532-1045 |
|
| EnergyPlus | Kathy Ellington Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Building 90, Room 3147 Berkeley, CA 94720-0001 510-486-5711 |
|
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076, § 51-11-0800, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0800, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0800, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
901 Additional Residential Energy Efficiency Requirements.
Dwelling units permitted under this Code shall comply with all
provisions of Chapter 5 of this Code and develop 2 credits
from Table 9-1.
| EXCEPTION: | Buildings complying using Chapter 4 Building Design by Systems Analysis shall meet this provision of this section by demonstrating that the proposed building energy use is 16 percent less than the target building energy use. |
| TABLE 9-1 ENERGY CREDITS (DEBITS) |
||
| OPTION | DESCRIPTION | CREDIT(S) |
| 1a | HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC EQUIPMENT 1: Gas, propane or oil-fired furnace or boiler with minimum AFUE of 92%, or Air-source heat pump with minimum HSPF of 8.5. |
1.0 |
| 1b | HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC EQUIPMENT 2: Closed-loop ground source heat pump; with a minimum COP of 3.3. |
2.0 |
| 1c | HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC EQUIPMENT 3: DUCTLESS SPLIT SYSTEM HEAT PUMPS, ZONAL CONTROL: In home where the primary space heating system is zonal electric heating, a ductless heat pump system shall be installed and provide heating to at least one zone of the housing unit. |
1.0 |
| 2 | HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM:1 All heating and cooling system components installed inside the conditioned space. All combustion equipment shall be direct vent or sealed combustion. Locating system components in conditioned crawl spaces is not permitted under this option. Electric resistance heat is not permitted under this option. Direct combustion heating equipment with AFUE less than 80% is not permitted under this option. |
1.0 |
| 3a | EFFICIENT BUILDING ENVELOPE 1: Prescriptive compliance is based on Table 6-1, Option III with the following modifications: Window U = .28 floor R-38, slab on grade R-10 full, below grade slab R-10 full. or Component performance compliance: Reduce the Target UA from Table 5-1 by 5%, as determined using EQUATION 1.1 |
0.5 |
| 3b | EFFICIENT BUILDING ENVELOPE 2: Prescriptive compliance is based on Table 6-1, Option III with the following modifications: Window U = .25 and wall R-21 plus R-4 and R-38 floor, slab on grade R-10 full, below grade slab R-10 full, and R-21 plus R-5 below grade basement walls. or Component performance compliance: Reduce the Target UA from Table 5.1 by 15%, as determined using EQUATION 1.1 |
1.0 |
| 3c | SUPER-EFFICIENT BUILDING
ENVELOPE 3: Prescriptive compliance is based on Table 6-1, Option III with the following modifications: Window U = .22 and wall R-21 plus R-12 and R-38 floor, slab on grade R-10 full, below grade slab R-10 full and R-21 plus R-12 below grade basement walls and R-49 advanced ceiling and vault. or Component performance compliance: Reduce the Target UA from Table 5.1 by 30%, as determined using EQUATION 1.1 |
2.0 |
| 4a | AIR LEAKAGE CONTROL AND
EFFICIENT VENTILATION: Envelope leakage reduced to SLA of 0.00020 building envelope tightness shall be considered acceptable when tested air leakage is less than specific leakage area of 0.00020 when tested with a blower door at a pressure difference of 50 PA. Testing shall occur after rough in and after installation of penetrations of the building envelope, including penetrations for utilities, plumbing, electrical, ventilation, and combustion appliances. and All whole house ventilation requirements as determined by Section M1508 of the Washington State Residential Code shall be met with a heat recovery ventilation system in accordance with Section M1508.7 of that Code. |
0.5 |
| 4b | ADDITIONAL AIR LEAKAGE CONTROL
AND EFFICIENT VENTILATION: Envelope leakage reduced to SLA of 0.00015 building envelope tightness shall be considered acceptable when tested air leakage is less than specific leakage area of 0.00015 when tested with a blower door at a pressure difference of 50 PA. Testing shall occur after rough in and after installation of penetrations of the building envelope, including penetrations for utilities, plumbing, electrical, ventilation, and combustion appliances. and All whole house ventilation requirements as determined by Section M1508 of the Washington State Residential Code shall be met with a heat recovery ventilation system in accordance with Section M1508.7 of that Code. |
1.0 |
| 5a | EFFICIENT WATER HEATING:1 Water heating system shall include one of the following: Gas, propane or oil water heater with a minimum EF of 0.62. or Electric Water Heater with a minimum EF of .93. and for both cases All showerhead and kitchen sink faucets installed in the house shall meet be rated at 1.75 GPM or less. All other lavatory faucets shall be rated at 1.0 GPM or less.2 |
0.5 |
| 5b | HIGH EFFICIENCY WATER HEATING:1 Water heating system shall include one of the following: Gas, propane or oil water heater with a minimum EF of 0.82. or Solar water heating supplementing a minimum standard water heater. Solar water heating will provide a rated minimum savings of 85 therms or 2000 kWh based on the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) Annual Performance of OG-300 Certified Solar Water Heating Systems. or Electric heat pump water heater with a minimum EF of 2.0. |
1.5 |
| 6 | SMALL DWELLING UNIT 1:1 Dwelling units less than 1500 square feet in floor area with less than 300 square feet of window + door area. Additions to existing building that are less than 750 square feet of heated floor area. |
1.0 |
| 7 | LARGE DWELLING UNIT 1:1 Dwelling units exceeding 5000 square feet of floor area shall be assessed a deduction for purposes of complying with Section 901 of this Code. |
-1.0 |
| 8 | RENEWABLE ELECTRIC ENERGY: For each 1200 kWh of electrical generation provided annually by on-site wind or solar equipment a 0.5 credit shall be allowed, up to 3 credits. Generation shall be calculated as follows: For solar electric systems, the design shall be demonstrated to meet this requirement using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory calculator PVWATTs. Documentation noting solar access shall be included on the plans.
The wind turbine power curve; average annual wind speed at the site; frequency distribution of the wind speed at the site and height of the tower. |
0.5 |
| FOOTNOTES: | 1. Interior Duct Placement: Ducts included as Option 2 of Table 9-1 shall be placed wholly within
the heated envelope of the housing unit. The placement shall be inspected and certified to receive the
credits associated with this option. |
| EXCEPTION: | Ducts complying with this section may have up to 5% of the total linear feet of ducts located in the exterior cavities or buffer spaces of the dwelling. If this exception is used the ducts will be tested to the following standards: |
| Post-construction test: Leakage to outdoors shall be less than or equal to 1 CFM per 100 ft2 of
conditioned floor area when tested at a pressure differential of 0.1 inches w.g. (25 Pa) across the entire
system, including the manufacturer's air handler enclosure. All register boots shall be taped or
otherwise sealed during the test. |
|
| 2. Plumbing Fixtures Flow Ratings. Low flow plumbing fixtures (water closets and urinals) and fittings (faucets and showerheads) shall comply with the following requirements: | |
| (a) Residential bathroom lavatory sink faucets: Maximum flow rate - 3.8 L/min (1.0 gal/min) when tested in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. | |
| (b) Residential kitchen faucets: Maximum flow rate - 6.6 L/min (1.75 gal/min) when tested in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. | |
| (c) Residential showerheads: Maximum flow rate - 6.6 L/min (1.75 gal/min) when tested in accordance with ASME A112.18.1/CSA B125.1. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1001.1 Scope: The following defaults shall apply to
Chapters 1 through 20. This chapter includes tables of
seasonal average heat-loss coefficients for specified nominal
insulation. The heat-loss coefficients may also be used for
heating system sizing.
1001.2 Description: These coefficients were developed
primarily from data and procedures from Standard RS-1, and
taken specifically from Standard RS-2, listed in Chapter 7.
Coefficients not contained in this chapter may be
computed using the procedures listed in these references if
the assumptions in the following sections and Standard RS-2,
listed in Chapter 7, are used, along with data from the
sources referenced above.
1001.3 Air Films: Default R-values used for air films
shall be as follows:
| R-Value | Condition |
| 0.17 | All exterior surfaces |
| 0.61 | Interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow up |
| 0.92 | Interior horizontal surfaces, heat flow down |
| 0.68 | Interior vertical surfaces |
TABLE 10-A
R-Value of Fiberglass Batts Compressed within Various Depth Cavities
| Insulation R-Value at Standard Thickness | ||||||||||||||||
| Rated R-Value | 82 | 71 | 60 | 49 | 38 | 30 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 15 | 13 | 11 | (( |
(( |
(( |
|
| Standard Thickness, Inches | 26.0 | 22.5 | 19.0 | 15.5 | 12(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
(( |
||
| Nominal Lumber Sizes, Inches | Actual Depth of Cavity, Inches | Insulation R-Values when Installed in a Confined Cavity | ||||||||||||||
| Truss | 26.0 | 82 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| Truss | 22.5 | -- | 71 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| Truss | 19.0 | -- | -- | 60 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| Truss | 15.5 | -- | -- | -- | 49 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| Truss | 12.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 38 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | |||
| 2 x 12 | (( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | 37 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | (( |
(( |
(( |
| 2 x 10 | (( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | 32 | 30 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | (( |
(( |
(( |
| 2 x 8 | (( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | 27 | 26 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | (( |
(( |
(( |
| 2 x 6 | (( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 21 | 20 | 21 | 18 | -- | -- | -- | (( |
(( |
(( |
| 2 x 4 | (( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 14 | -- | 13 | 15 | 13 | 11 | (( |
(( |
(( |
| (( |
(( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 9.8 | -- | (( |
(( |
(( |
| (( |
(( |
-- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | 6.3 | 6.0 | (( |
(( |
(( |
| (( |
||||||||||||||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1001, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1001, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1001, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1004.1 General: Tables 10-3, 10-4 and 10-4a list
heat-loss coefficients for floors over unconditioned spaces in
units of Btu/h • ft2 • °F.
They are derived from procedures listed in RS-1, listed
in Chapter 7, assuming an average outdoor temperature of 45°F,
an average indoor temperature of 65°F, and a crawlspace area
of 1350 ft2 and 100 ft of perimeter. The crawlspace is assumed
to be 2.5 feet high, with 24 inches below grade and 6 inches
above grade.
1004.2 Crawlspace Description: Four configurations are
considered: ((Vented)) Naturally ventilated crawlspace,
((unvented)) mechanically ventilated crawlspace, heated plenum
crawlspace and exposed floor.
((Vented)) Naturally ventilated crawlspaces: Assumed to
have 3.0 air-changes per hour, with at least 1.0 ft2 of
net-free ventilation in the foundation for every three hundred
ft2 of crawlspace floor area. The crawlspace is not actively
heated.
Floors over unheated areas, such as garages, may only use
those values which have R-0 perimeter insulation.
((Unvented)) Mechanically ventilated crawlspaces:
Assumed to have 1.5 air changes per hour, with less than 1.0
ft2 of net-free ventilation in the foundation for every three
hundred ft2 of crawlspace floor area. The crawlspace is not
actively heated. Floors over unheated basements may only use
those values which have R-0 perimeter insulation.
Heated-plenum crawlspaces: Assumed to have 0.25
air-changes per hour, with no foundation vents. Heated supply
air from central furnace is blown into a crawlspace and
allowed to enter the living space unducted via holes cut into
the floor.
Enclosed floors: Assumes no buffer space, and a covering
of one-half inch of T1-11 on the exterior of the cavity
exposed to the outside air or rigid insulation below a
concrete floor, such as over parking garages.
1004.3 Construction Description: Floors are assumed to
be either joisted floors framed on sixteen inch centers, or
post and beam on four by eight foot squares. Insulation is
assumed to be installed under the subflooring between the
joists or beams with no space between the insulation and the
subfloor. Insulation is assumed to be uncompressed. Exposed
floors also include concrete with continuous rigid insulation
assumed.
Perimeter insulation is assumed to extend from the top of
the rim joist to the crawlspace floor and then inward along
the ground (on top of the ground cover) for at least
twenty-four inches.
Floor coverings are assumed to be light carpet with
rubber pad.
| Nominal R-value | U-factor | |||
| Floor | Perimeter | Post & Beam | Joists | |
| 0 | 0 11 19 30 |
0.112 0.100 0.098 0.093 |
0.134 0.116 0.114 0.107 |
|
| 11 | 0 11 |
0.052 0.048 |
0.056 0.052 |
|
| 19 | 0 11 |
0.038 0.036 |
0.041 0.038 |
|
| 22 | 0 11 |
0.034 0.033 |
0.037 0.035 |
|
| 25 | 0 11 |
0.032 0.031 |
0.034 0.033 |
|
| 30 | 0 11 |
0.028 0.027 |
0.029 0.028 |
|
| 38 | 0 11 |
0.024 0.024 |
0.025 0.024 |
|
| Nominal R-value Perimeter |
U-factor |
| 11 | 0.085 |
| 19 | 0.075 |
| 30 | 0.069 |
TABLE 10-4A
EXPOSED FLOOR
| Nominal R-value |
U-factor | ||
| Concrete | Wood Joist | Metal Joist | |
| R-11 | 0.077 | 0.088 | 0.14 |
| R-15 | 0.059 | 0.076 | 0.12 |
| R-19 | 0.048 | 0.062 | 0.11 |
| R-21 | 0.043 | 0.057 | 0.11 |
| R-25 | 0.037 | 0.051 | 0.10 |
| R-30 | 0.031 | 0.040 | 0.09 |
| R-38 | 0.025 | 0.034 | 0.08 |
| Note: | Crawlspaces used as heated plenums have approximately 30% higher heat-loss rate than unvented crawlspaces with the same assumed ACH. Default U-values in Table 10-4 reflect this higher rate of heat loss. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1004, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1004, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1004, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1004, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
Section 1005.1 General: Table 10-5, 10-5A and 10-5B list
heat-loss coefficients for the opaque portion of above-grade
wood stud frame walls, metal stud frame walls and concrete
masonry walls (Btu/h • ft2 • °F) respectively. They are
derived from procedures listed in RS-1, listed in Chapter 7. For intermediate floor slabs which penetrate the insulated
wall, use the concrete wall U-factors in Table 10-5B.
Insulation is assumed to uniformly fill the entire cavity
and to be installed as per manufacturer's directions. All
walls are assumed to be finished on the inside with one-half
inch gypsum wallboard, and on the outside with either beveled
wood siding over one-half inch plywood sheathing or with
five-eighths inch T1-11 siding. Insulated sheathing (either
interior or exterior) is assumed to cover the entire opaque
wall surface.
Metal building walls have a different construction and
are addressed in Table 10-5A(3).
1005.2 Framing Description: For wood stud frame walls,
three framing types are considered, and defined as follows:
Standard: Studs framed on sixteen inch centers with
double top plate and single bottom plate. Corners use three
studs and each opening is framed using two studs. Headers
consist of double 2X or single 4X material with an air space
left between the header and the exterior sheathing. Interior
partition wall/exterior wall intersections use two studs in
the exterior wall.
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .19 |
| Insulated cavity | .77 | |
| Headers | .04 |
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .18 |
| Insulated cavity | .78 | |
| Headers | .04 |
| Framing weighting factors: | Studs and plates | .13 |
| Insulated cavity | .83 | |
| Headers | .04 |
Single-Stud Wall, Tables 10-5(1) through 10-5(8):
Assumes either 2x4 or 2x6 studs framed on sixteen or
twenty-four inch centers. Headers are solid for 2x4 walls and
double 2x for 2x6 walls, with either dead-air or rigid-board
insulation in the remaining space.
((Metal Stud Wall: Assumes metal studs spaced on 16 or
24 inch centers with insulation installed to fill wall
cavities. Continuous rigid board insulation is applied
without creating uninsulated voids in the wall assembly.))
Strap Wall, Table 10-5(9): Assumes 2x6 studs framed on sixteen or twenty-four inch centers. 2x3 or 2x4 strapping is run horizontally along the interior surface of the wall to provide additional space for insulation.
Double-Stud Wall, Tables 10-5(10) and 10-5(11): Assumes
an exterior structural wall and a separate interior,
nonstructural wall. Insulation is placed in both wall
cavities and in the space between the 2 walls. Stud spacing
is assumed to be on 24 inch centers for both walls.
Log Wall, Table 10-5(12).
Stress-Skin Panel, Table 10-5(13).
Metal Stud Wall, Overall Assembly U-Factors, Table
10-5A(1): Assumes metal studs spaced on 16- or 24-inch
centers with insulation installed to fill wall cavities.
Continuous rigid board insulation is applied without creating
uninsulated voids in the wall assembly.
Metal Stud Wall, Effective R-Values for Metal Framing and
Cavity Only, Table 10-5A(2): These values may be used for the
metal-framing/cavity layers in walls with metal studs spaced
on 16- or 24-inch centers with insulation installed to fill
wall cavities in lieu of using the zone method provided in
Chapter 25 of Standard RS-1 listed in Chapter 7.
Metal Building Wall, Table 10-5A(3): A wall whose
structure consists of metal spanning panels supported by steel
structural members (does not include spandrel glass or metal
panels in curtain wall systems). The first nominal R-value is
for insulation compressed between metal wall panels and the
steel structure. For double-layer installations, the second
rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed from
the inside, covering the girts. For continuous insulation
(e.g., insulation boards) it is assumed that the insulation
boards are installed on the inside of the girts and
uninterrupted by the framing members. Insulation exposed to
the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing,
and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to
provide a continuous air barrier.
Concrete and Masonry Walls, Table 10-5B(1).
Peripheral Edges of Intermediate Concrete Floors, Table
10-5B(2).
TABLE 10-5
DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR ABOVE-GRADE WALLS
| TABLE 10-5(1) | ||||||
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-11 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-11 at 3.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-11 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.088 | 0.084 | 0.094 | 0.090 | |
| 1 | 0.080 | 0.077 | 0.085 | 0.082 | ||
| 2 | 0.074 | 0.071 | 0.078 | 0.075 | ||
| 3 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.072 | 0.070 | ||
| 4 | 0.064 | 0.062 | 0.067 | 0.065 | ||
| 5 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.061 | ||
| 6 | 0.056 | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.057 | ||
| 7 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.055 | 0.054 | ||
| 8 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.052 | 0.051 | ||
| 9 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.049 | ||
| 10 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.046 | ||
| 11 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | ||
| 12 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(2) | ||||||
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-13 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-13 at 3.63 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-12.7 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.082 | 0.078 | 0.088 | 0.083 | |
| 1 | 0.075 | 0.072 | 0.080 | 0.076 | ||
| 2 | 0.069 | 0.066 | 0.073 | 0.070 | ||
| 3 | 0.065 | 0.062 | 0.068 | 0.065 | ||
| 4 | 0.060 | 0.058 | 0.063 | 0.061 | ||
| 5 | 0.057 | 0.055 | 0.059 | 0.057 | ||
| 6 | 0.053 | 0.052 | 0.056 | 0.054 | ||
| 7 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.052 | 0.051 | ||
| 8 | 0.048 | 0.047 | 0.050 | 0.048 | ||
| 9 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.047 | 0.046 | ||
| 10 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.045 | 0.044 | ||
| 11 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| 12 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.041 | 0.040 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(3) | ||||||
| 2 x 4 Single Wood Stud: R-15 Batt | ||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | ADV | STD | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-15 at 3.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-15 in 3.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.076 | 0.071 | 0.081 | 0.075 | |
| 1 | 0.069 | 0.065 | 0.073 | 0.069 | ||
| 2 | 0.064 | 0.061 | 0.068 | 0.069 | ||
| 3 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.059 | ||
| 4 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.059 | 0.056 | ||
| 5 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.055 | 0.052 | ||
| 6 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.052 | 0.050 | ||
| 7 | 0.047 | 0.046 | 0.049 | 0.047 | ||
| 8 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 9 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.044 | 0.043 | ||
| 10 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.042 | 0.041 | ||
| 11 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 12 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.039 | 0.038 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(4) | ||||||||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-19 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-19 at 6 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-18 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.062 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.065 | 0.061 | 0.058 | |
| 1 | 0.058 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.055 | ||
| 2 | 0.054 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.056 | 0.054 | 0.051 | ||
| 3 | 0.051 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.049 | ||
| 4 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | ||
| 5 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 6 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.042 | ||
| 7 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 8 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.039 | ||
| 9 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 10 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 11 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ||
| 12 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(5) | ||||||||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-21 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-21 at 5.5 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-21 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.060 | 0.056 | 0.053 | |
| 1 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.048 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.050 | ||
| 2 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.047 | ||
| 3 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 4 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.043 | ||
| 5 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | ||
| 6 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 7 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.037 | ||
| 8 | 0.038 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 9 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | ||
| 10 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.033 | ||
| 11 | 0.033 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| 12 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(6) | ||||||||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: R-22 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-22 at 6.75 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-20 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.059 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.062 | 0.058 | 0.054 | |
| 1 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.051 | ||
| 2 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.054 | 0.051 | 0.048 | ||
| 3 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | ||
| 4 | 0.046 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 5 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.042 | ||
| 6 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 7 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.038 | ||
| 8 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 9 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.035 | ||
| 10 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 11 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 12 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(7) | ||||||||
| 2 x 6 Single Wood Stud: Two R-11 Batts | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-22 at 7 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-18.9 in 5.5 inch cavity |
0 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.063 | 0.059 | 0.056 | |
| 1 | 0.056 | 0.053 | 0.051 | 0.059 | 0.056 | 0.053 | ||
| 2 | 0.053 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.055 | 0.052 | 0.050 | ||
| 3 | 0.050 | 0.048 | 0.046 | 0.052 | 0.049 | 0.047 | ||
| 4 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.044 | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.045 | ||
| 5 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.042 | 0.046 | 0.045 | 0.043 | ||
| 6 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.041 | ||
| 7 | 0.041 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 0.039 | ||
| 8 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.038 | ||
| 9 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 0.038 | 0.036 | ||
| 10 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | ||
| 11 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 12 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.034 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(8) | ||||||||
| 2 x 8 Single Stud: R-25 Batt | ||||||||
| Siding Material/Framing Type | ||||||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||||||
| R-value of Foam Board |
STD | INT | ADV | STD | INT | ADV | ||
| NOTE:
R-25 at 8 inch thickness Installed Batt R-value: R-23.6 in 7.25 inch cavity |
0 | 0.051 | 0.047 | 0.045 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.046 | |
| 1 | 0.048 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.049 | 0.046 | 0.044 | ||
| 2 | 0.045 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.047 | 0.044 | 0.042 | ||
| 3 | 0.043 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.044 | 0.042 | 0.040 | ||
| 4 | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.038 | ||
| 5 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.040 | 0.038 | 0.037 | ||
| 6 | 0.037 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.036 | ||
| 7 | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.034 | ||
| 8 | 0.035 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.035 | 0.034 | 0.033 | ||
| 9 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.034 | 0.033 | 0.032 | ||
| 10 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.033 | 0.032 | 0.031 | ||
| 11 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.030 | ||
| 12 | 0.030 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.029 | ||
| 2 x 6: Strap Wall | ||||
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||
| Lapped Wood | T1-11 | |||
| STD | ADV | STD | ADV | |
| R-19 +R-11 Batts | 0.036 | 0.035 | 0.038 | 0.036 |
| R-19 +R-8 Batts | 0.041 | 0.039 | 0.042 | 0.040 |
2 x 6 + 2 x 4: Double Wood Stud
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||||
| Batt Configuration | Lapped Wood | T1-11 | ||||
| Exterior | Middle | Interior | STD | ADV | STD | ADV |
| R-19 | ------- | R-11 | 0.040 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 0.038 |
| R-19 | ------- | R-19 | 0.034 | 0.031 | 0.035 | 0.032 |
| R-19 | R-8 | R-11 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.031 | 0.029 |
| R-19 | R-11 | R-11 | 0.027 | 0.026 | 0.028 | 0.027 |
| R-19 | R-11 | R-19 | 0.024 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.023 |
| R-19 | R-19 | R-19 | 0.021 | 0.020 | 0.021 | 0.020 |
| 2 x 4 + 2 x 4: Double Wood Stud | ||||||
| Siding Material/Frame Type | ||||||
| Batt Configuration | Lapped Wood | T1-11 | ||||
| Exterior | Middle | Interior | STD | ADV | STD | ADV |
| R-11 | -------- | R-11 | 0.050 | 0.046 | 0.052 | 0.048 |
| R-19 | -------- | R-11 | 0.039 | 0.037 | 0.043 | 0.039 |
| R-11 | R-8 | R-11 | 0.037 | 0.035 | 0.036 | 0.036 |
| R-11 | R-11 | R-11 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.033 | 0.032 |
| R-13 | R-13 | R-13 | 0.029 | 0.028 | 0.029 | 0.028 |
| R-11 | R-19 | R-11 | 0.026 | 0.026 | 0.027 | 0.026 |
| TABLE 10-5(12) | |||
Log Walls |
|||
| Average Log Diameter, Inches |
U-factor | ||
R-value of wood: R-1.25 per inch thickness Average wall thickness 90% average log diameter |
6 | 0.148 | |
| 8 | 0.111 | ||
| 10 | 0.089 | ||
| 12 | 0.074 | ||
| 14 | 0.063 | ||
| 16 | 0.056 | ||
| TABLE 10-5(13) | |||
Stress Skin Panel |
|||
| Panel Thickness, Inches |
U-factor | ||
| R-value of expanded
polystyrene: R-3.85 per
inch Framing: 6% Spline: 8% |
3 1/2 | 0.071 | |
| 5 1/2 | 0.048 | ||
| 7 1/4 | 0.037 | ||
| 9 1/4 | 0.030 | ||
| 11 1/4 | 0.025 | ||
| No thermal bridging between interior and exterior splines | |||
Metal Stud Walls: The nominal R-values in Table 10-5A
may be used for purposes of calculating metal stud wall
section U-factors in lieu of the ASHRAE zone calculation
method as provided in Chapter ((25)) 27 of Standard RS-1.
TABLE 10-5A
Default U-factors for Overall Assembly Metal Stud Walls, Effective R-values for Metal Framing and Cavity Only,
and Default Metal Building U-factors
TABLE 10-5A(1)
OVERALL ASSEMBLY U-FACTORS FOR METAL STUD WALLS
| R-Value of | |||||||
| Continuous | Cavity Insulation | ||||||
| Metal | Foam Board | ||||||
| Framing | Insulation | R-0 | R-11 | R-13 | R-15 | R-19 | R-21 |
16" o.c. |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.352 |
U-0.132 |
U-0.124 |
U-0.118 |
U-0.109 |
U-0.106 |
| R-1 | U-0.260 | U-0.117 | U-0.111 | U-0.106 | U-0.099 | U-0.096 | |
| R-2 | U-0.207 | U-0.105 | U-0.100 | U-0.096 | U-0.090 | U-0.087 | |
| R-3 | U-0.171 | U-0.095 | U-0.091 | U-0.087 | U-0.082 | U-0.080 | |
| R-4 | U-0.146 | U-0.087 | U-0.083 | U-0.080 | U-0.076 | U-0.074 | |
| R-5 | U-0.128 | U-0.080 | U-0.077 | U-0.074 | U-0.071 | U-0.069 | |
| R-6 | U-0.113 | U-0.074 | U-0.071 | U-0.069 | U-0.066 | U-0.065 | |
| R-7 | U-0.102 | U-0.069 | U-0.066 | U-0.065 | U-0.062 | U-0.061 | |
| R-8 | U-0.092 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | U-0.061 | U-0.058 | U-0.057 | |
| R-9 | U-0.084 | U-0.060 | U-0.059 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.054 | |
| R-10 | U-0.078 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | U-0.051 | |
| R-11 | U-0.072 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | U-0.051 | U-0.050 | U-0.049 | |
| R-12 | U-0.067 | U-0.051 | U-0.050 | U-0.049 | U-0.047 | U-0.047 | |
| R-13 | U-0.063 | U-0.049 | U-0.048 | U-0.047 | U-0.045 | U-0.045 | |
| R-14 | U-0.059 | U-0.046 | U-0.045 | U-0.045 | U-0.043 | U-0.043 | |
| R-15 | U-0.056 | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | U-0.043 | U-0.041 | U-0.041 | |
| R-20 | U-0.044 | U-0.036 | U-0.036 | U-0.035 | U-0.034 | U-0.034 | |
24" o.c |
R-0 (none) |
U-0.338 |
U-0.116 |
U-0.108 |
U-0.102 |
U-0.094 |
U-0.090 |
| R-1 | U-0.253 | U-0.104 | U-0.098 | U-0.092 | U-0.086 | U-0.083 | |
| R-2 | U-0.202 | U-0.094 | U-0.089 | U-0.084 | U-0.079 | U-0.077 | |
| R-3 | U-0.168 | U-0.086 | U-0.082 | U-0.078 | U-0.073 | U-0.071 | |
| R-4 | U-0.144 | U-0.079 | U-0.075 | U-0.072 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | |
| R-5 | U-0.126 | U-0.073 | U-0.070 | U-0.067 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | |
| R-6 | U-0.112 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | U-0.063 | U-0.060 | U-0.059 | |
| R-7 | U-0.100 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | U-0.059 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | |
| R-8 | U-0.091 | U-0.060 | U-0.058 | U-0.056 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | |
| R-9 | U-0.084 | U-0.057 | U-0.055 | U-0.053 | U-0.051 | U-0.050 | |
| R-10 | U-0.077 | U-0.054 | U-0.052 | U-0.050 | U-0.048 | U-0.048 | |
| R-11 | U-0.072 | U-0.051 | U-0.049 | U-0.048 | U-0.046 | U-0.045 | |
| R-12 | U-0.067 | U-0.048 | U-0.047 | U-0.046 | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | |
| R-13 | U-0.063 | U-0.046 | U-0.045 | U-0.044 | U-0.042 | U-0.042 | |
| R-14 | U-0.059 | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | U-0.042 | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | |
| R-15 | U-0.056 | U-0.042 | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | |
| R-20 | U-0.044 | U-0.035 | U-0.034 | U-0.034 | U-0.033 | U-0.032 |
| Footnote: | Continuous foam board insulation: Continuous insulation assumes no thermal bridging of insulation by framing or z-furring through applied foam board. Zone calculation method as provided in RS-1 must be used for thermally bridged foam board insulation. |
TABLE 10-5A(2)
EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY
| Cavity | Insulation | ||||
| Nominal Depth, Inches |
Actual Depth, Inches |
Nominal R-Value |
Effective R-Value | ||
| 16" O.C. | 24" O.C. | ||||
| Air Cavity | any | any | R-0.91 (air) | 0.79 | 0.91 |
| 4 | 3-1/2 | R-11 | 5.5 | 6.6 | |
| 4 | 3-1/2 | R-13 | 6.0 | 7.2 | |
| Wall | 4 | 3-1/2 | R-15 | 6.4 | 7.8 |
| 6 | 5-1/2 | R-19 | 7.1 | 8.6 | |
| 6 | 5-1/2 | R-21 | 7.4 | 9.0 | |
| 8 | 7-1/4 | R-25 | 7.8 | 9.6 | |
| Roof | Insulation is uncompressed | R-11 | 5.5 | 6.1 | |
| R-19 | 7.0 | 9.1 | |||
| R-30 | 9.3 | 11.4 | |||
TABLE 10-5A(3)
DEFAULT METAL BUILDING WALL U-FACTORS
| (( |
||||||
| Insulation System | Rated R-Value of Insulation | Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Wall Assembly | Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Wall Plus Continuous Insulation (Uninterrupted by Framing) | |||||
| Single Layer of Mineral Fiber | R-6.5 | R-13 | R-19.5 | R-26 | R-32.5 | R-39 | ||
| None | 1.180 | 0.136 | 0.072 | 0.049 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.025 | |
| R-10 | 0.186 | 0.084 | 0.054 | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.023 | |
| R-11 | 0.185 | 0.084 | 0.054 | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.023 | |
| R-13 | 0.162 | 0.079 | 0.052 | 0.039 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.022 | |
| R-16 | 0.155 | 0.077 | 0.051 | 0.039 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.022 | |
| R-19 | 0.147 | 0.075 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 0.030 | 0.025 | 0.022 | |
TABLE 10-5B(1)
Default U-Factors for Concrete and Masonry Walls
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| (( |
||||
| Framing Type and Depth | Rated R-Value of Insulation Alone | Assembly U-Factors for 8 in. Normal Weight 145 lb/ft3 Solid Concrete Walls | Assembly U-Factors for 8 in. Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3 Concrete Block Walls: Solid Grouted | Assembly U-Factors for 8 in. Medium Weight 115 lb/ft3 Concrete Block Walls: Partially Grouted (cores uninsulated except where specified) | ||||
| R-0 | U-0.740 | U-0.580 | U-0.480 | |||||
| No Framing | Ungrouted Cores Filled with Loose-Fill Insulation | NA | NA | U-0.350 | ||||
| Continuous metal framing at 24 in. on center horizontally | ||||||||
| 1.0 in | R-0 | U-0.414 | U-0.359 | U-0.318 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-3.8 | U-0.325 | U-0.290 | U-0.263 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-5 | U-0.314 | U-0.281 | U-0.255 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-6.5 | U-0.305 | U-0.274 | U-0.249 | ||||
| 1.5 in | R-11 | U-0.267 | U-0.243 | U-0.223 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-7.6 | U-0.230 | U-0.212 | U-0.197 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-10 | U-0.219 | U-0.202 | U-0.188 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-13 | U-0.210 | U-0.195 | U-0.182 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-11.4 | U-0.178 | U-0.167 | U-0.157 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-15 | U-0.168 | U-0.158 | U-0.149 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-19.5 | U-0.160 | U-0.151 | U-0.143 | ||||
| 3.5 in | R-11.0 | U-0.168 | U-0.158 | U-0.149 | ||||
| 3.5 in | R-13.0 | U-0.161 | U-0.152 | U-0.144 | ||||
| 3.5 in | R-15.0 | U-0.155 | U-0.147 | U-0.140 | ||||
| 4.5 in | R-17.1 | U-0.133 | U-0.126 | U-0.121 | ||||
| 4.5 in | R-22.5 | U-0.124 | U-0.119 | U-0.114 | ||||
| 4.5 in | R-25.2 | U-0.122 | U-0.116 | U-0.112 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-19.0 | U-0.122 | U-0.117 | U-0.112 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-25.0 | U-0.115 | U-0.110 | U-0.106 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-28.0 | U-0.112 | U-0.107 | U-0.103 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-32.5 | U-0.109 | U-0.104 | U-0.101 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-19.0 | U-0.118 | U-0.113 | U-0.109 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-20.9 | U-0.114 | U-0.109 | U-0.105 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-21.0 | U-0.113 | U-0.109 | U-0.150 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-27.5 | U-0.106 | U-0.102 | U-0.099 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-30.8 | U-0.104 | U-0.100 | U-0.096 | ||||
| 6.0 in | R-22.8 | U-0.106 | U-0.102 | U-0.098 | ||||
| 6.0 in | R-30.0 | U-0.099 | U-0.095 | U-0.092 | ||||
| 6.0 in | R-33.6 | U-0.096 | U-0.093 | U-0.090 | ||||
| 6.5 in | R-24.7 | U-0.099 | U-0.096 | U-0.092 | ||||
| 7.0 in | R-26.6 | U-0.093 | U-0.090 | U-0.087 | ||||
| 7.5 in | R-28.5 | U-0.088 | U-0.085 | U-0.083 | ||||
| 8.0 in | R-30.4 | U-0.083 | U-0.081 | U-0.079 | ||||
| Continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing | ||||||||
| No Framing | R-1.0 | U-0.425 | U-0.367 | U-0.324 | ||||
| No Framing | R-2.0 | U-0.298 | U-0.269 | U-0.245 | ||||
| No Framing | R-3.0 | U-0.230 | U-0.212 | U-0.197 | ||||
| No Framing | R-4.0 | U-0.187 | U-0.175 | U-0.164 | ||||
| No Framing | R-5.0 | U-0.157 | U-0.149 | U-0.141 | ||||
| No Framing | R-6.0 | U-0.136 | U-0.129 | U-0.124 | ||||
| No Framing | R-7.0 | U-0.120 | U-0.115 | U-0.110 | ||||
| No Framing | R-8.0 | U-0.107 | U-0.103 | U-0.099 | ||||
| No Framing | R-9.0 | U-0.097 | U-0.093 | U-0.090 | ||||
| No Framing | R-10.0 | U-0.088 | U-0.085 | U-0.083 | ||||
| No Framing | R-11.0 | U-0.081 | U-0.079 | U-0.076 | ||||
| No Framing | R-12.0 | U-0.075 | U-0.073 | U-0.071 | ||||
| No Framing | R-13.0 | U-0.070 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | ||||
| No Framing | R-14.0 | U-0.065 | U-0.064 | U-0.062 | ||||
| No Framing | R-15.0 | U-0.061 | U-0.060 | U-0.059 | ||||
| No Framing | R-16.0 | U-0.058 | U-0.056 | U-0.055 | ||||
| No Framing | R-17.0 | U-0.054 | U-0.053 | U-0.052 | ||||
| No Framing | R-18.0 | U-0.052 | U-0.051 | U-0.050 | ||||
| No Framing | R-19.0 | U-0.049 | U-0.048 | U-0.047 | ||||
| No Framing | R-20.0 | U-0.047 | U-0.046 | U-0.045 | ||||
| No Framing | R-21.0 | U-0.045 | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | ||||
| No Framing | R-22.0 | U-0.043 | U-0.042 | U-0.042 | ||||
| No Framing | R-23.0 | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | U-0.040 | ||||
| No Framing | R-24.0 | U-0.039 | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | ||||
| No Framing | R-25.0 | U-0.038 | U-0.037 | U-0.037 | ||||
| No Framing | R-30.0 | U-0.032 | U-0.032 | U-0.031 | ||||
| No Framing | R-35.0 | U-0.028 | U-0.027 | U-0.027 | ||||
| No Framing | R-40.0 | U-0.024 | U-0.024 | U-0.024 | ||||
| No Framing | R-45.0 | U-0.022 | U-0.021 | U-0.021 | ||||
| No Framing | R-50.0 | U-0.019 | U-0.019 | U-0.019 | ||||
| No Framing | R-55.0 | U-0.018 | U-0.018 | U-0.018 | ||||
| No Framing | R-60.0 | U-0.016 | U-0.016 | U-0.016 | ||||
| Brick cavity wall with continuous insulation | ||||||||
| No Framing | R-0 | U-0.337 | U-0.299 | U-0.270 | ||||
| No Framing | R-3.8 | U-0.148 | U-0.140 | U-0.133 | ||||
| No Framing | R-5.0 | U-0.125 | U-0.120 | U-0.115 | ||||
| No Framing | R-6.5 | U-0.106 | U-0.102 | U-0.098 | ||||
| No Framing | R-7.6 | U-0.095 | U-0.091 | U-0.088 | ||||
| No Framing | R-10 | U-0.077 | U-0.075 | U-0.073 | ||||
| No Framing | R-10.5 | U-0.079 | U-0.077 | U-0.075 | ||||
| No Framing | R-11.4 | U-0.070 | U-0.068 | U-0.066 | ||||
| No Framing | R-15 | U-0.056 | U-0.055 | U-0.053 | ||||
| No Framing | R-16.5 | U-0.054 | U-0.053 | U-0.052 | ||||
| No Framing | R-19.5 | U-0.045 | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | ||||
| No Framing | R-22.5 | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | U-0.039 | ||||
| No Framing | R-28.5 | U-0.033 | U-0.032 | U-0.032 | ||||
| Continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing with stucco and continuous metal framing at 24 in. on center horizontally | ||||||||
| 1.0 in | R-0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.045 | U-0.045 | U-0.044 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-3.8 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | U-0.043 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-5 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | U-0.043 | ||||
| 1.0 in | R-6.5 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.044 | U-0.043 | U-0.042 | ||||
| 1.5 in | R-11 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.043 | U-0.042 | U-0.042 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-7.6 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.042 | U-0.041 | U-0.041 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-10 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.041 | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | ||||
| 2.0 in | R-13 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.041 | U-0.040 | U-0.040 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-11.4 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.040 | U-0.039 | U-0.039 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-15 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.039 | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | ||||
| 3.0 in | R-19.5 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | U-0.038 | ||||
| 3.5 in | R-11.0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.039 | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | ||||
| 3.5 in | R-13.0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.039 | U-0.038 | U-0.038 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-19.0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.036 | U-0.036 | U-0.035 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-25 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.035 | U-0.035 | U-0.034 | ||||
| 5.0 in | R-32.5 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.035 | U-0.034 | U-0.034 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-19.0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.036 | U-0.035 | U-0.035 | ||||
| 5.5 in | R-21.0 + R-19.5 c.i. | U-0.035 | U-0.035 | U-0.034 | ||||
| Notes for Default Table 10-5B(1) | ||
| 1. | It is acceptable to use the U-factors in Table 10-5B(1) for all concrete and masonry walls, provided that the grouting is equal to or less than that specified. | |
| For ungrouted walls, use the partially grouted column. | ||
| For metal studs and z-furring, use the continuous metal framing category. | ||
| For insulation that is attached without any framing members (e.g., glued), use the continuous insulation uninterrupted by framing member category. Continuous insulation may be installed on the interior or exterior of masonry walls, or between stand-alone walls in multilayer masonry walls, or on the interior or exterior of the concrete. | ||
| 2. | For Table 10-5B(1), the U-factor includes R-0.17 for exterior air film and R-0.68 for interior air film-vertical surfaces. For insulated walls, the U-factor also includes R-0.45 for 0.5 inch gypsum board. | |
| U-factors are provided for the following configurations: | ||
| a. | Concrete wall: 8-inch normal weight concrete wall with a density of 145 lb/ft3. | |
| b. | Solid grouted concrete block wall: 8-inch medium weight ASTM C90 concrete block with a density of 115 lb/ft3 and solid grouted cores. | |
| c. | Partially grouted concrete block wall: 8-inch medium weight ASTM C90 concrete block with a density of 115 lb/ft3 having reinforcing steel every 32 inches vertically and every 48 inches horizontally, with cores grouted in those areas only. Other cores are filled with insulating material only if there is no other insulation. | |
| 3. | For walls with insulation contained in a framing layer, the U-factors in Table 10-5B(1) assume contact (and thermal bridging) between the mass wall and other framing. For wall assemblies with multiple layers where the wood or metal framing layer does not contact the concrete or masonry layer (i.e., walls with an airspace between the stud wall and the mass wall layer), it is acceptable to use the appropriate wood or metal frame wall default U-factors in Tables 10-5 or 10-5A. | |
| Note: | It is acceptable to use this approach where the insulation extends beyond the framing and is in contact with the mass wall layer (e.g., a nominal 4-inch metal stud containing insulation that is nominally 6 inches thick and therefore extends 2 inches beyond the back of the metal stud). | |
| 4. | Except for wall assemblies qualifying for Note 3, if not taken from Table 10-5B(1), mass wall U-factors shall be determined in accordance with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix A, Section A3.1 and Tables A3.1A to A3.1D, or Section A9.4. If not taken from Table 10-9, heat capacity for mass walls shall be taken from ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Appendix A, Table A3.1B or A3.1C. | |
TABLE 10-5B(2)
Default U-Factors for Peripheral Edges of Intermediate Concrete Floors
| AVERAGE THICKNESS OF WALL ABOVE AND BELOW | ||||
| SLAB EDGE TREATMENT | 6 inches | 8 inches | 10 inches | 12 inches |
| Exposed Concrete | 0.816 | 0.741 | 0.678 | 0.625 |
| R-5 Exterior Insulation | 0.161 | 0.157 | 0.154 | 0.152 |
| R-6 Exterior Insulation | 0.138 | 0.136 | 0.134 | 0.132 |
| R-7 Exterior Insulation | 0.122 | 0.120 | 0.118 | 0.116 |
| R-8 Exterior Insulation | 0.108 | 0.107 | 0.106 | 0.104 |
| R-9 Exterior Insulation | 0.098 | 0.097 | 0.095 | 0.094 |
| R-10 Exterior Insulation | 0.089 | 0.088 | 0.087 | 0.086 |
| R-11 Exterior Insulation | 0.082 | 0.081 | 0.080 | 0.079 |
| R-12 Exterior Insulation | 0.076 | 0.075 | 0.074 | 0.074 |
| R-13 Exterior Insulation | 0.070 | 0.070 | 0.069 | 0.068 |
| R-14 Exterior Insulation | 0.066 | 0.065 | 0.065 | 0.064 |
| R-15 Exterior Insulation | 0.062 | 0.061 | 0.061 | 0.060 |
| (( |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-1005, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1005, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1005, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1005, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1005, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1006.1 Glazing and Doors without NFRC Certification:
Glazing and doors that do not have NFRC certification shall be
assigned the following U-factors:
TABLE 10-6
Other than ((Group R Occupancy)) Single-Family
Residential: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR VERTICAL
GLAZING, OVERHEAD GLAZING AND OPAQUE DOORS
| Vertical Glazing | |||
| U-Factor | |||
| Any Frame | Aluminum W/Thermal Break | Vinyl/Wood/ Fiberglass Frame |
|
| Single | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.45 |
| Double | 0.90 | 0.85 | 0.75 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed/Operable | 0.75/0.90 | 0.70/0.84 | 0.60/0.72 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed/Operable |
(( 0.70/0.84 |
(( 0.60/0.72 |
0.50/0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed/Operable | (( 0.65/0.78 |
(( 0.55/0.66 |
0.45/0.54 |
| 1/2 Inch
Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed/Operable |
(( 0.60/0.72 |
(( 0.50/0.60 |
0.40/0.48 |
| Triple | 0.75 | 0.55 | 0.50 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed/Operable | 0.55/0.66 | 0.50/0.60 | 0.45/0.54 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.20), Fixed/Operable | 0.50/0.60 | 0.45/0.54 | 0.40/0.48 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, 2 Low-e(0.10), Fixed/Operable | 0.45/0.54 | 0.35/0.42 | 0.30/0.36 |
| 1/2 Inch Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed/Operable |
0.40/0.48 | 0.30/0.36 | 0.25/0.30 |
| Overhead Glazing: Sloped Glazing (Including Frame) | |||
| U-Factor | |||
| Any Frame | Aluminum W/Thermal Break | Vinyl/Wood/ Fiberglass Frame |
|
| Single | 1.74 | 1.74 | 1.74 |
| Double | 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.90 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.72 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed | (( |
(( 0.72 |
0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.10), Fixed | (( |
(( 0.66 |
0.54 |
| 1/2 Inch Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed | (( 0.72 |
(( 0.60 |
0.48 |
| Triple | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed | 0.66 | 0.60 | 0.54 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e (0.20), Fixed | 0.60 | 0.54 | 0.48 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, 2 Low-e(0.10), Fixed | 0.54 | 0.42 | 0.36 |
| 1/2 Inch Argon, 2 Low-e(0.10), Fixed | 0.48 | 0.36 | 0.30 |
| Opaque Doors | |
| U-Factor | |
| Uninsulated Metal | 1.20 |
| Insulated Metal (Including Fire Door and Smoke Vent) | 0.60 |
| Wood | 0.50 |
| Other Doors | See Table 10-6C |
Where a gap width is listed (i.e.: 1/2 inch), that is the minimum allowed.
Where a low-emissivity emittance is listed (i.e.: 0.40, 0.20, 0.10), that is the maximum allowed.
Where a gas other than air is listed (i.e.: Argon), the gas fill shall be a minimum of 90%.
Where an operator type is listed (i.e.: Fixed), the default is only allowed for that operator type. Where a frame type is listed (i.e.: Wood/vinyl), the default is only allowed for that frame type. Wood/vinyl frame includes reinforced vinyl and aluminum-clad wood.
| Description1,2,3,4 | Frame Type5,6 | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum Thermal Break7 |
Wood/Vinyl | |||
| Windows | Single | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | |
| Double, < 1/2" | Clear | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.63 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.60 | ||
| Low-e | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.58 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.53 | ||
| Double, > 1/2" | Clear | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.58 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.55 | ||
| Low-e | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.51 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.48 | ||
| Triple, | Clear | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.43 | |
| Clear + Argon | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.41 | ||
| Low-e | 0.67 | 0.49 | 0.40 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.37 | ||
| Garden | Single | 2.60 | n.a. | 2.31 | |
| Windows | Double | Clear | 1.81 | n.a. | 1.61 |
| Clear + Argon | 1.76 | n.a. | 1.56 | ||
| Low-e | 1.73 | n.a. | 1.54 | ||
| Low-e + Argon | 1.64 | n.a. | 1.47 | ||
| 1 | < 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of less than 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. | |
| > 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches or greater between the panes of glass. | ||
| Where no gap width is listed, the minimum gap width is 1/4". | ||
| 2 | Any low-e (emissivity) coating (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4). | |
| 3 | U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, C02, SF6, argon/SF6 mixtures and Krypton. | |
| 4 | "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51. | |
| 5 | Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors. | |
| 6 | Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for wood/vinyl windows. | |
| 7 | Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics: | |
| a) | The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/°F; | |
| b) | The thermal break material must produces a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and, | |
| c) | All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. | |
| (( |
||||
THERMAL BREAK9 |
WOOD/REINFORCED VINYL10 |
|||
| Vertical Glazing Description |
Frame Type | |||||
| Any Frame | Aluminum Thermal Break2 | Wood/Vinyl Fiberglass | ||||
| Panes | Low-e1 | Spacer | Fill | |||
| A | Any | Argon | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.32 | |
| B | Any | Argon | 0.46 | 0.39 | 0.30 | |
| Double3 | C | Any | Argon | 0.44 | 0.37 | 0.28 |
| C | High Performance | Argon | 0.42 | 0.35 | Deemed to comply5 | |
| A | Any | Air | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.26 | |
| B | Any | Air | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.22 | |
| Triple4 | C | Any | Air | 0.41 | 0.34 | 0.20 |
| Any, double low-e | Any | Air | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.18 | |
Footnotes to Table 10-6B
| (( |
|
3/8" = a minimum dead air space of 0.375 inches between the panes of glass. 1/2" = a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. Product with air spaces different than those listed above shall use the value for the next smaller air space;
i.e. 3/4 inch = 1/2 inch U-factors, 7/16 inch = 3/8 inch U-factors, 5/16 inch = 1/4 inch U-factors. |
|
Low-e2 (emissivity) shall be 0.2 or less. Low-e1 (emissivity) shall be 0.1 or less. |
|
thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. |
|
| 1. | Low-eA (emissivity) shall be 0.24 to 0.16. |
| Low-eB (emissivity) shall be 0.15 to 0.08. | |
| Low-eC (emissivity) shall be 0.07 or less. | |
| 2. | Aluminum Thermal Break = An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics: |
| a) The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/° F; | |
| b) The thermal break material must produce a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and | |
| c) All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. | |
| 3. | A minimum air space of 0.375 inches between panes of glass is required for double glazing. |
| 4. | A minimum air space of 0.25 inches between panes of glass is required for triple glazing. |
| 5. | Deemed to comply glazing shall not be used for performance compliance. |
TABLE 10-6C
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR DOORS
| Door Type | No Glazing |
Single Glazing |
Double Glazing with 1/4 in. Airspace |
Double Glazing with 1/2 in. Airspace |
Double Glazing with e = 0.10, 1/2 in. Argon |
| SWINGING DOORS (Rough opening - 38 in. x 82 in.) | |||||
| Slab Doors | |||||
| Wood slab in wood framea | 0.46 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.44 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.42 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Insulated steel slab with wood edge in wood framea | 0.16 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.26 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Foam insulated steel slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.37 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.39 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.44 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.48 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Cardboard honeycomb slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.61 | ||||
| Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Sliding glass doors/French doors | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Site-Assembled Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Aluminum in aluminum frame | - | 1.32 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.79 |
| Aluminum in aluminum frame with thermal break | - | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.63 |
| (( |
|||||
| a. | Thermally broken sill (add 0.03 for nonthermally broken sill) |
| b. | Nonthermally broken sill |
| c. | Nominal U-factors are through the center of the insulated panel before consideration of thermal bridges around the edges of the door sections and due to the frame. |
| REVOLVING DOORS | |
| Size (W x H) | U-Factor |
| 3-wing 8 ft. x 7 ft. 10 ft. x 8 ft. |
0.79 0.80 |
| 4-wing 7 ft. x 6.5 ft. 7 ft. x 7.5 ft. |
0.63 0.64 |
| Open 82 in. x 84 in. |
1.32 |
| DOUBLE-SKIN STEEL EMERGENCY EXIT DOORS | ||
| Core Insulation | 3 ft. x 6 ft. 8 in. | 6 ft. x 6 ft. 8 in. |
| 1-3/8 in. thickness Honeycomb kraft paper Mineral wool, steel ribs Polyurethane foam |
0.57 0.44 0.34 |
0.52 0.36 0.28 |
| 1-3/4 in. thickness Honeycomb kraft paper Mineral wool, steel ribs Polyurethane foam |
0.57 0.41 0.31 |
0.54 0.33 0.26 |
| 1-3/8 in. thickness Honeycomb kraft paper Mineral wool, steel ribs Polyurethane foam |
0.60 0.47 0.37 |
0.55 0.39 0.31 |
| 1-3/4 in. thickness Honeycomb kraft paper Mineral wool, steel ribs Polyurethane foam |
0.60 0.44 0.34 |
0.57 0.37 0.30 |
| DOUBLE-SKIN STEEL GARAGE AND AIRCRAFT HANGAR DOORS | |||||
| One-piece tilt-upa | Sectional tilt-upb | Aircraft hangar | |||
| Insulatione | 8 ft. x 7 ft. | 16 ft. x 7 ft. | 9 ft. x 7 ft. | 72 ft. x 12 ft.c | 240 ft. x 50 ft.d |
| 1-3/8 in. thickness EPS, steel ribs XPS, steel ribs |
0.36 0.33 |
0.33 0.31 |
0.34-0.39 0.31-0.36 |
||
| 2 in. thickness EPS, steel ribs XPS, steel ribs |
0.31 0.29 |
0.28 0.26 |
0.29-0.33 0.27-0.31 |
||
| 3 in. thickness EPS, steel ribs XPS, steel ribs |
0.26 0.24 |
0.23 0.21 |
0.25-0.28 0.24-0.27 |
||
| 4 in. thickness EPS, steel ribs XPS, steel ribs |
0.23 0.21 |
0.20 0.19 |
0.23-0.25 0.21-0.24 |
||
| 6 in. thickness EPS, steel ribs XPS, steel ribs |
0.20 0.19 |
0.16 0.15 |
0.20-0.21 0.19-0.21 |
||
| 4 in. thickness Non-insulated Expanded polystyrene Mineral wool, steel ribs Extruded polystyrene |
1.10 0.25 0.25 0.23 |
1.23 0.16 0.16 0.15 |
|||
| 6 in. thickness Non-insulated Expanded polystyrene Mineral wool, steel ribs Extruded polystyrene |
1.10 0.21 0.23 0.20 |
1.23 0.13 0.13 0.12 |
|||
| Uninsulated All products |
1.15 |
||||
| a. | Values are for thermally broken or thermally unbroken doors. |
| b. | Lower values are for thermally broken doors; upper values are for doors with no thermal break. |
| c. | Typical size for a small private airplane (single-engine or twin). |
| d. | Typical hangar door for a midsize commercial jet airliner. |
| e. | EPS is extruded polystyrene, XPS is expanded polystyrene. |
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR GLAZED DOORS
See Table 10-6C
| Frame Type | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum | Reinforced | Wood or Vinyl- | |
| without | with | Vinyl/ | Clad Wood/ | |
| Thermal | Thermal | Aluminum-Clad | Vinyl without | |
| Glazing Type | Break | Break | Wood or Vinyl | Reinforcing |
| Single Glazing | ||||
| glass | U-1.58 | U-1.51 | U-1.40 | U-1.18 |
| acrylic/polycarb | U-1.52 | U-1.45 | U-1.34 | U-1.11 |
| Double Glazing | ||||
| air | U-1.05 | U-0.89 | U-0.84 | U-0.67 |
| argon | U-1.02 | U-0.86 | U-0.80 | U-0.64 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.96 | U-0.80 | U-0.75 | U-0.59 |
| argon | U-0.91 | U-0.75 | U-0.70 | U-0.54 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.10 | ||||
| air | U-0.94 | U-0.79 | U-0.74 | U-0.58 |
| argon | U-0.89 | U-0.73 | U-0.68 | U-0.52 |
| Double Glazing, e = 0.05 | ||||
| air | U-0.93 | U-0.78 | U-0.73 | U-0.56 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.71 | U-0.66 | U-0.50 |
| Triple Glazing | ||||
| air | U-0.90 | U-0.70 | U-0.67 | U-0.51 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.69 | U-0.64 | U-0.48 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.86 | U-0.68 | U-0.63 | U-0.47 |
| argon | U-0.82 | U-0.63 | U-0.59 | U-0.43 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.20 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.82 | U-0.64 | U-0.60 | U-0.44 |
| argon | U-0.79 | U-0.60 | U-0.56 | U-0.40 |
| Triple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.81 | U-0.62 | U-0.58 | U-0.42 |
| argon | U-0.77 | U-0.58 | U-0.54 | U-0.38 |
| Quadruple Glazing, e = 0.10 on 2x surfaces |
||||
| air | U-0.78 | U-0.59 | U-0.55 | U-0.39 |
| argon | U-0.74 | U-0.56 | U-0.52 | U-0.36 |
| krypton | U-0.70 | U-0.52 | U-0.48 | U-0.32 |
| 1. | U-factors are applicable to both glass and plastic, flat and domed units, all spacers and gaps. |
| 2. | Emissivities shall be less than or equal to the value specified. |
| 3. | Gap fill shall be assumed to be air unless there is a minimum of 90% argon or krypton. |
| 4. | Aluminum frame with thermal break is as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.022, 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045, and chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW. 07-01-089, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/19/06, effective 7/1/07. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045 and chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW. 05-01-013, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/2/04, effective 7/1/05. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1006, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-1006, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1006, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1007.1 General: Table 10-7 lists heat-loss coefficients for the opaque portion of exterior ceilings below vented attics, vaulted ceilings, and roof decks in units of Btu/h•ft2•°F of ceiling.
They are derived from procedures listed in Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7. Ceiling U-factors are modified for the buffering effect of the attic, assuming an indoor temperature of 65° F and an outdoor temperature of 45°F.
Metal Framed Ceilings: The nominal R-values in Table
10-5A(2) - EFFECTIVE R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY
ONLY may be used for purposes of calculating metal framed
ceiling section U-factors in lieu of the ASHRAE zone
calculation method as provided in Chapter ((25)) 27 of
Standard RS-1.
Metal building roofs have a different construction and are addressed in Table 10-7(F).
1007.2 Component Description: The four types of ceilings
are characterized as follows:
Ceilings Below a Vented Attic: Attic insulation is assumed to be blown-in, loose-fill fiberglass with a K-value of 2.6 hr • ft2 • °F/Btu per inch. Full bag count for specified R-value is assumed in all cases. Ceiling dimensions for flat ceiling calculations are forty-five by thirty feet, with a gabled roof having a 4/12 pitch. The attic is assumed to vent naturally at the rate of three air changes per hour through soffit and ridge vents. A void fraction of 0.002 is assumed for all attics with insulation baffles. Standard-framed, unbaffled attics assume a void fraction of 0.008.
Attic framing is either standard or advanced. Standard framing assumes tapering of insulation depth around the perimeter with resultant decrease in thermal resistance. An increased R-value is assumed in the center of the ceiling due to the effect of piling leftover insulation. Advanced framing assumes full and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of exterior walls. Advanced framing does not change from the default value.
U-factors for flat ceilings below vented attics with standard framing may be modified with the following table:
| U-Factor for Standard Framing |
|||
| Roof Pitch | R-30 | R-38 | |
| 4/12 | .036 | .031 | |
| 5/12 | .035 | .030 | |
| 6/12 | .034 | .029 | |
| 7/12 | .034 | .029 | |
| 8/12 | .034 | .028 | |
| 9/12 | .034 | .028 | |
| 10/12 | .033 | .028 | |
| 11/12 | .033 | .027 | |
| 12/12 | .033 | .027 | |
Vaulted Ceilings: Insulation is assumed to be fiberglass batts installed in roof joist cavities. In the vented case, at least 1.5-inches between the top of the batts and the underside of the roof sheathing is left open for ventilation in each cavity. A ventilation rate of 3.0 air changes per hour is assumed. In the unvented or dense pack case, the ceiling cavity is assumed to be fully packed with insulation, leaving no space for ventilation.
| EXCEPTION: | Where spray polyurethane foam meets the requirements of Section 502.1.6.3 or 1313.2, the cavity shall be filled to the depth to achieve R-value requirements. |
Metal Truss Framing: Overall system tested values for the roof/ceiling Uo for metal framed truss assemblies from approved laboratories shall be used, when such data is acceptable to the building official.
Alternatively, the Uo for roof/ceiling assemblies using metal truss framing may be obtained from Tables 10-7A, 10-7B, 10-7C, 10-7D and 10-7E.
Steel Truss Framed Ceiling, Table 10-7A.
Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-3 Sheathing, Table 10-7B.
Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-5 Sheathing, Table 10-7C.
Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-10 Sheathing, Table 10-7D.
Steel Truss Framed Ceiling with R-15 Sheathing, Table 10-7E.
Metal Building Roof, Table 10-7F: The base assembly is a roof
where the insulation is compressed when installed beneath
metal roof panels attached to the steel structure (purlins).
Additional assemblies include continuous insulation,
uncompressed and uninterrupted by framing.
Single Layer. The rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed perpendicular to and draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.
Double Layer. The first rated R-value of insulation is for insulation installed perpendicular to and draped over purlins. The second rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation installed above the first layer and parallel to the purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.
Continuous Insulation. For continuous insulation (e.g., insulation boards or blankets), it is assumed that the insulation is installed below the purlins and is uninterrupted by framing members. Insulation exposed to the conditioned space or semiheated space shall have a facing, and all insulation seams shall be continuously sealed to provide a continuous air barrier.
Liner System (Ls). A continuous membrane is installed below the purlins and uninterrupted by framing members. Uncompressed, unfaced insulation rests on top of the membrane between the purlins. For multilayer installations, the last rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation draped over purlins and then compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. A minimum R-3 (R-0.5) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.
Filled Cavity. The first rated R-value of insulation is for faced insulation installed parallel to the purlins. The second rated R-value of insulation is for unfaced insulation installed above the first layer, parallel to and between the purlins and compressed when the metal roof panels are attached. The facer of the first layer of insulation is of sufficient width to be continuously sealed to the top flange of the purlins and to accommodate the full thickness of the second layer of insulation. A supporting structure retains the bottom of the first layer at the prescribed depth required for the full thickness of the second layer of insulation being installed above it. A minimum R-5 (R-0.9) thermal spacer block between the purlins and the metal roof panels is required, unless compliance is shown by the overall assembly U-factor.
U-factors for Metal Building Roofs. U-factors for metal building roofs shall be taken from Table 10-7F, provided the average purlin spacing is at least 52 in. and the R-value of the thermal spacer block is greater than or equal to the thermal spacer block R-value indicated in Table 10-7F for the assembly. It is not acceptable to use the U-factors in Table 10-7F if additional insulated sheathing is not continuous.
Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck (uninterrupted by
framing), Table 10-7G: The base assembly is continuous
insulation over a structural deck. Added insulation is
continuous and uninterrupted by framing. For the insulation,
the first column lists the R-value for continuous insulation
with a uniform thickness; the second column lists the
comparable area-weighted average R-value for continuous
insulation provided that the insulation thickness is never
less than R-5 (except at roof drains) and that the slope is no
greater than 1/4 inch per foot.
TABLE 10-7
DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR CEILINGS
| Standard Frame | Advanced Frame | ||||
| Flat Ceiling | Baffled | ||||
| R-19 | 0.049 | 0.047 | |||
| R-30 | 0.036 | 0.032 | |||
| R-38 | 0.031 | 0.026 | |||
| R-49 | 0.027 | 0.020 | |||
| R-60 | 0.025 | 0.017 | |||
| Scissors Truss | |||||
| R-30 (4/12 roof pitch) | 0.043 | 0.031 | |||
| R-38 (4/12 roof pitch) | 0.040 | 0.025 | |||
| R-49 (4/12 roof pitch) | 0.038 | 0.020 | |||
| R-30 (5/12 roof pitch) | 0.039 | 0.032 | |||
| R-38 (5/12 roof pitch) | 0.035 | 0.026 | |||
| R-49 (5/12 roof pitch) | 0.032 | 0.020 | |||
| Vaulted Ceilings | |||||
| 16" O.C. | 24" O.C. | ||||
| Vented | |||||
| R-19 2x10 joist | 0.049 | 0.048 | |||
| R-30 2x12 joist | 0.034 | 0.033 | |||
| R-38 2x14 joist | 0.027 | 0.027 | |||
| Unvented | |||||
| R-30 2x10 joist | 0.034 | 0.033 | |||
| R-38 2x12 joist | 0.029 | 0.027 | |||
| R-21 + R-21 2x12 joist | 0.026 | 0.025 | |||
| Roof Deck | |||||
| 4x Beams, 48" O.C. | |||||
| R-12.5 | 2" | Rigid insulation | 0.064 | ||
| R-21.9 | 3.5" | Rigid insulation | 0.040 | ||
| R-37.5 | 6" | Rigid insulation | 0.025 | ||
| R-50 | 8" | Rigid insulation | 0.019 | ||
| Table 10-7A Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO |
|||||||||||||
| Cavity | Truss Span (ft) | ||||||||||||
| R-value | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 |
| 19 | 0.1075 | 0.0991 | 0.0928 | 0.0878 | 0.0839 | 0.0807 | 0.0780 | 0.0757 | 0.0737 | 0.0720 | 0.0706 | 0.0693 | 0.0681 |
| 30 | 0.0907 | 0.0823 | 0.0760 | 0.0710 | 0.0671 | 0.0638 | 0.0612 | 0.0589 | 0.0569 | 0.0552 | 0.0538 | 0.0525 | 0.0513 |
| 38 | 0.0844 | 0.0759 | 0.0696 | 0.0647 | 0.0607 | 0.0575 | 0.0548 | 0.0525 | 0.0506 | 0.0489 | 0.0474 | 0.0461 | 0.0449 |
| 49 | 0.0789 | 0.0704 | 0.0641 | 0.0592 | 0.0552 | 0.0520 | 0.0493 | 0.0470 | 0.0451 | 0.0434 | 0.0419 | 0.0406 | 0.0395 |
| Table 10-7B Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-3 Sheathing2 |
|||||||||||||
| Cavity | Truss Span (ft) | ||||||||||||
| R-value | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 |
| 19 | 0.0809 | 0.0763 | 0.0728 | 0.0701 | 0.0679 | 0.0661 | 0.0647 | 0.0634 | 0.0623 | 0.0614 | 0.0606 | 0.0599 | 0.0592 |
| 30 | 0.0641 | 0.0595 | 0.0560 | 0.0533 | 0.0511 | 0.0493 | 0.0478 | 0.0466 | 0.0455 | 0.0446 | 0.0438 | 0.0431 | 0.0424 |
| 38 | 0.0577 | 0.0531 | 0.0496 | 0.0469 | 0.0447 | 0.0430 | 0.0415 | 0.0402 | 0.0392 | 0.0382 | 0.0374 | 0.0367 | 0.0361 |
| 49 | 0.0523 | 0.0476 | 0.0441 | 0.0414 | 0.0393 | 0.0375 | 0.0360 | 0.0348 | 0.0337 | 0.0328 | 0.0319 | 0.0312 | 0.0306 |
| Table 10-7C Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-5 Sheathing2 |
|||||||||||||
| Cavity | Truss Span (ft) | ||||||||||||
| R-value | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 |
| 19 | 0.0732 | 0.0697 | 0.0670 | 0.0649 | 0.0633 | 0.0619 | 0.0608 | 0.0598 | 0.0590 | 0.0583 | 0.0577 | 0.0571 | 0.0567 |
| 30 | 0.0564 | 0.0529 | 0.0502 | 0.0481 | 0.0465 | 0.0451 | 0.0440 | 0.0430 | 0.0422 | 0.0415 | 0.0409 | 0.0403 | 0.0399 |
| 38 | 0.0501 | 0.0465 | 0.0438 | 0.0418 | 0.0401 | 0.0388 | 0.0376 | 0.0367 | 0.0359 | 0.0351 | 0.0345 | 0.0340 | 0.0335 |
| 49 | 0.0446 | 0.0410 | 0.0384 | 0.0363 | 0.0346 | 0.0333 | 0.0322 | 0.0312 | 0.0304 | 0.0297 | 0.0291 | 0.0285 | 0.0280 |
| Table 10-7D Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-10 Sheathing2 |
|||||||||||||
| Cavity | Truss Span (ft) | ||||||||||||
| R-value | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 |
| 19 | 0.0626 | 0.0606 | 0.0590 | 0.0578 | 0.0569 | 0.0561 | 0.0555 | 0.0549 | 0.0545 | 0.0541 | 0.0537 | 0.0534 | 0.0531 |
| 30 | 0.0458 | 0.0437 | 0.0422 | 0.0410 | 0.0401 | 0.0393 | 0.0387 | 0.0381 | 0.0377 | 0.0373 | 0.0369 | 0.0366 | 0.0363 |
| 38 | 0.0394 | 0.0374 | 0.0359 | 0.0347 | 0.0337 | 0.0330 | 0.0323 | 0.0318 | 0.0313 | 0.0309 | 0.0305 | 0.0302 | 0.0299 |
| 49 | 0.0339 | 0.0319 | 0.0304 | 0.0292 | 0.0283 | 0.0275 | 0.0268 | 0.0263 | 0.0258 | 0.0254 | 0.0251 | 0.0247 | 0.0245 |
| Table 10-7E Steel Truss1 Framed Ceiling UO with R-15 Sheathing2 |
|||||||||||||
| Cavity | Truss Span (ft) | ||||||||||||
| R-value | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 |
| 19 | 0.0561 | 0.0550 | 0.0541 | 0.0535 | 0.0530 | 0.0526 | 0.0522 | 0.0519 | 0.0517 | 0.0515 | 0.0513 | 0.0511 | 0.0509 |
| 30 | 0.0393 | 0.0382 | 0.0373 | 0.0367 | 0.0362 | 0.0358 | 0.0354 | 0.0351 | 0.0349 | 0.0347 | 0.0345 | 0.0343 | 0.0341 |
| 38 | 0.0329 | 0.0318 | 0.0310 | 0.0303 | 0.0298 | 0.0294 | 0.0291 | 0.0288 | 0.0285 | 0.0283 | 0.0281 | 0.0279 | 0.0278 |
| 49 | 0.0274 | 0.0263 | 0.0255 | 0.0249 | 0.0244 | 0.0239 | 0.0236 | 0.0233 | 0.0230 | 0.0228 | 0.0226 | 0.0225 | 0.0223 |
| 1 - Assembly values based on 24 inch on center truss spacing; 11 Truss member connections penetrating insulation (4 at the eaves, 7 in the interior space); 1/2 inch drywall ceiling; all truss members are 2x4 "C" channels with a solid web. | |
| 2 - Ceiling sheathing installed between bottom chord and drywall. |
TABLE 10-7F
Default U-Factors for Metal Building Roofs
| Insulation System | Rated R-Value of Insulation | Overall U-Factor for Entire Base Roof Assembly | Overall U-Factor for Assembly of Base Roof Plus Continuous Insulation (uninterrupted by framing) Rated R-Value of Continuous Insulation | |||||
| R-6.5 | R-13 | R-19.5 | R-26 | R-32.5 | R-39 | |||
| Standing Seam Roofs with Thermal Spacer Blocksa,b | ||||||||
| None | 1.280 | 0.137 | 0.073 | 0.049 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.025 | |
| R-10 | 0.115 | 0.066 | 0.046 | 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.021 | |
| Single | R-11 | 0.107 | 0.063 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.021 |
| Layer | R-13 | 0.101 | 0.061 | 0.044 | 0.034 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.020 |
| R-16 | 0.096 | 0.059 | 0.043 | 0.033 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.020 | |
| R-19 | 0.082 | 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.031 | 0.026 | 0.022 | 0.020 | |
| R-10 + R-10 | 0.088 | 0.056 | 0.041 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.020 | |
| R-10 + R-11 | 0.086 | 0.055 | 0.041 | 0.032 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.020 | |
| R-11 + R-11 | 0.085 | 0.055 | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | |
| R-10 + R-13 | 0.084 | 0.054 | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.023 | 0.020 | |
| Double | R-11 + R-13 | 0.082 | 0.053 | 0.040 | 0.032 | 0.026 | 0.022 | 0.020 |
| Layer | R-13 + R-13 | 0.075 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 0.030 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.019 |
| R10 + R-19 | 0.074 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 0.030 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.019 | |
| R-11 + R-19 | 0.072 | 0.049 | 0.037 | 0.030 | 0.025 | 0.022 | 0.019 | |
| R-13 + R-19 | 0.068 | 0.047 | 0.036 | 0.029 | 0.025 | 0.021 | 0.019 | |
| R-16 + R-19 | 0.065 | 0.046 | 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.024 | 0.021 | 0.018 | |
| R-19 + R-19 | 0.060 | 0.043 | 0.034 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | |
| R-19 + R-11 | 0.035 | |||||||
| Liner | R-25 + R-11 | 0.031 | ||||||
| System | R-30 + R-11 | 0.029 | ||||||
| R-25 + R-11 + R-11 | 0.026 | |||||||
| Filled Cavity with Thermal Spacer Blocksc | ||||||||
| R-10 + R-19 | 0.057 | 0.042 | 0.033 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.020 | 0.018 | |
| Standing Seam Roofs without Thermal Spacer Blocks | ||||||||
| Liner System | R-19 + R-11 | 0.040 | ||||||
| Thru-Fastened Roofs without Thermal Spacer Blocks | ||||||||
| R-10 | 0.184 | |||||||
| R-11 | 0.182 | |||||||
| R-13 | 0.174 | |||||||
| R-16 | 0.157 | |||||||
| Liner | R-19 | 0.151 | ||||||
| System | R-19 + R-11 | 0.044 | ||||||
| (Multiple R-values are listed in order from inside to outside) | ||||||||
| a. | A standing seam roof clip that provides a minimum 1.5 in. distance between the top of the purlins and the underside of the metal roof panels is required. |
| b. | A minimum R-3 thermal spacer block is required. |
| c. | A minimum R-5 thermal spacer block is required. |
TABLE 10-7G
Assembly U-Factors for Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above
Deck
(uninterrupted by framing)
| Rated R-Value of Insulation Alone: Minimum Throughout, Unsloped | Rated R-Value of Insulation Alone: Average (R-5 minimum), Sloped (1/4 inch per foot maximum) | Overall U-Factor for Entire Assembly |
| R-0 | Not Allowed | U-1.282 |
| R-1 | Not Allowed | U-0.562 |
| R-2 | Not Allowed | U-0.360 |
| R-3 | Not Allowed | U-0.265 |
| R-4 | Not Allowed | U-0.209 |
| R-5 | Not Allowed | U-0.173 |
| R-6 | R-7 | U-0.147 |
| R-7 | R-8 | U-0.129 |
| R-8 | R-9 | U-0.114 |
| R-9 | R-10 | U-0.102 |
| R-10 | R-12 | U-0.093 |
| R-11 | R-13 | U-0.085 |
| R-12 | R-15 | U-0.078 |
| R-13 | R-16 | U-0.073 |
| R-14 | R-18 | U-0.068 |
| R-15 | R-20 | U-0.063 |
| R-16 | R-22 | U-0.060 |
| R-17 | R-23 | U-0.056 |
| R-18 | R-25 | U-0.053 |
| R-19 | R-27 | U-0.051 |
| R-20 | R-29 | U-0.048 |
| R-21 | R-31 | U-0.046 |
| R-22 | R-33 | U-0.044 |
| R-23 | R-35 | U-0.042 |
| R-24 | R-37 | U-0.040 |
| R-25 | R-39 | U-0.039 |
| R-26 | R-41 | U-0.037 |
| R-27 | R-43 | U-0.036 |
| R-28 | R-46 | U-0.035 |
| R-29 | R-48 | U-0.034 |
| R-30 | R-50 | U-0.032 |
| R-35 | R-61 | U-0.028 |
| R-40 | R-73 | U-0.025 |
| R-45 | R-86 | U-0.022 |
| R-50 | R-99 | U-0.020 |
| R-55 | R-112 | U-0.018 |
| R-60 | R-126 | U-0.016 |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 04-01-106, § 51-11-1007, filed 12/17/03, effective 7/1/04. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-1007, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-1007, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-1007, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1008.1 General: Tables 10-8 and 10-8A list effective air
change rates and heat capacities for heat loss due to
infiltration for ((Group R Occupancy)) Single-Family
residential.
Estimated seasonal average infiltration rate in air
changes per hour (ACH) is given for standard air-leakage
control (see section 502.4 of this code for air leakage
requirements for ((Group R Occupancy)) Single-Family
residential). The effective air-change rate shall be used in
calculations for compliance under either the Component
Performance or Systems Analysis approaches.
Heat loss due to infiltration shall be computed using the following equation: