PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 03-08-027.
Title of Rule: Amendment of chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code.
Purpose: To consider amendments to the Washington State Energy Code, chapter 51-11 WAC.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045.
Statute Being Implemented: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW.
Summary: The proposed rules amend the Washington State Energy Code. Proposals include a clarification of building commissioning requirements, updating economizer requirements, inclusion of aluminum frame windows in the default tables and updating the metal U-factor default table. (See below for itemized list of proposed changes.)
Reasons Supporting Proposal: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Krista Braaksma, P.O. Box 48350, Olympia, WA 98504-8350, (360) 725-2964; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
Name of Proponent: Washington State Building Code Council, governmental.
Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: The council is seeking comments on the issues proposed in the rules shown below.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Explanation of Rule, its Purpose, and Anticipated Effects: The purpose of the proposed rule is to amend the Washington State Energy Code, including increasing the energy efficiency for buildings and structures, updating default tables, and clarifying building commissioning requirements for nonresidential buildings. The proposed amendments will provide greater simplicity, improved energy efficiency, and consistency with other state and national codes, than the existing requirements.
Proposal Changes the Following Existing Rules:
GENERAL
1. Default U-Factors for Metal Assemblies (Table 10-5A): This proposal would revise Table 10-5A to correspond with ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2001, Section A3.3 and Table A-10. This provides a wider range of realistic options.
2. Default U-Factors for Windows (Table 10-6): This proposal adds prescriptive options for aluminum frames and revises sloped glazing values to correspond with revisions to Tables 13-1 and 13-2 to assist with prescriptive compliance.
3. Default U-Factors for Doors (Table 10-7): This proposal expands Table 10-7 to provide a wider range of options.
RESIDENTIAL
4. Existing Buildings (Section 101.3.2.5): A provision is proposed to allow residential alterations to use a prescriptive method of increasing glazing area rather than submitting calculations.
5. Slab on Grade Insulation (Section 502.1.4.8): This proposal provides a clarification that the slab insulation shall extend down 24 inches or to the top of the footing, whichever is less.
6. Wall Assemblies (Section 602.2): One additional wall assembly is proposed to meet R-21, and four new assemblies are proposed to meet R-21 int.
7. Chapter 9: The proposed amendment provides additional prescriptive options for meeting the heating systems sizing requirements using winter design temperatures as well as zones.
8. Chapter 7: The standards listed in Chapter 7 have been updated and reordered to eliminate duplication. This has necessitated some further editorial changes throughout the code to update references.
NONRESIDENTIAL
9. Semi-Heated Space (Chapter 2, Section 1310): The proposal revises the definitions of Heated Space and Semi-Heated Space to provide some consistency with the requirements in Oregon. Semi-heated spaces are exempted from the envelope provisions for wall insulation.
10. Automatic Lighting Controls (Section 1132.3 and 1513.6): This proposal adds automatic shut-off control requirements to unnecessary electric lighting energy consumption during the daytime to both new construction and altered spaces.
11. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Sections 1312 and 1323.3): This proposal would add alternate compliance options for SHGC.
12. Slab Penetrations (Section 1322): This proposal amends the exception allowing slab edge penetrations to remain uninsulated.
13. Component Performance Option (Section 1330): This proposal eliminates the use of the 1989 version of EnvStd.
14. Building Envelope Requirements (Tables 13-1 and 13-2): This proposal upgrades fenestration requirements to reflect current practices and upgrades the wall assembly to reduce thermal bridging.
15. Water Cooled Systems (Section 1411.1, Tables 14-1K, 14-1L, and 14-1M): This proposal adopts the ASHRAE 90.1 NPLC efficiency tables for water cooled centrifugal chillers and sets a new compliance method.
16. Setback and Shut-off Controls (Section 1412.4): This proposal adds requirements for retention of programming and manual override, and allow exception for occupancy sensors and manual timers per ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2001.
17. Economizers (Sections 1413.3, 1423, 1433): The proposed amendments provide alternatives, clarifications, and consistency with national standards.
18. Duct Sealing (Section 1414.1): The proposed amendment provides consistency with the duct sealing changes adopted for the residential requirements.
19. Building Commissioning (Section 1416): The proposal rewrites the building commissioning requirements with better organizing and describing acceptable commissioning criteria.
20. Heat Recovery (Section 1436): The proposed amendments add provisions for steam condensate recovery for energy and water conservation, and update the requirements to current ASHRAE standards.
21. Electric Motor Efficiency (Section 1437): This proposal would require high-efficiency or electronically-commutated motors for small fan motors in series.
22. Service Water Heating (Section 1440): These proposals would require that service water heating equipment and commercial clothes washers meeting minimum efficiency requirements.
23. Prescriptive Lighting Requirements (Section 1521 and Table 15-1): These proposals revise the lighting power allowance based on current lighting practice and provide support for electronic dimming ballasts with photocell control for daylighting and lumen maintenance.
No small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW. The proposed amendments have been reviewed by the Energy Code Technical Advisory Group and some were identified as having a cost impact on businesses required to comply with the rule. These costs were felt to be low to moderate increases in first cost on businesses required to comply. However, the increases do not represent a disproportionate cost to small business and if any additional first cost of construction is passed on to consumers, it will be completely offset by the consumer's energy savings. They are also offset by other cost-saving proposals.
RCW 34.05.328 does not apply to this rule adoption. The State Building Code Council is not listed in this section as one of the agencies required to comply with this regulation.
Hearing Location: Spokane City Council Chambers, West 808 Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA, on October 10, 2003, at 10:00 a.m.; and at the Holiday Inn Select/Renton, One Grady Way South, Renton, WA, on October 17, 2003, at 10:00 a.m.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Sue Mathers by September 26, 2003, TDD (360) 753-7427 or (360) 725-2967.
Submit Written Comments to: Stan Price, Chairman, State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 48350, Olympia, WA 98504-8350, fax (360) 586-9383, e-mail sbcc@cted.wa.gov, by October 17, 2003.
Date of Intended Adoption: November 21, 2003.
August 7, 2003
Tim Nogler
for Stan Price
Council Chair
OTS-6612.1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-0101
Section 101. Scope and general
requirements.
101.1 Title: Chapters 1 through 10 of this Code shall be
known as the "Washington State Residential Energy Code" and
may be cited as such; and will be referred to herein as "this
Code."
101.2 Purpose and Intent: The purpose of this Code is to
provide minimum standards for new or altered buildings and
structures or portions thereof to achieve efficient use and
conservation of energy.
The purpose of this Code is not to create or otherwise
establish or designate any particular class or group of
persons who will or should be especially protected or
benefitted by the terms of this Code.
It is intended that these provisions provide flexibility
to permit the use of innovative approaches and techniques to
achieve efficient use and conservation of energy. These
provisions are structured to permit compliance with the intent
of this Code by any one of the following three paths of
design:
1. A systems analysis approach for the entire building
and its energy-using sub-systems which may utilize renewable
energy sources, Chapter 4.
2. A component performance approach for various building
elements and mechanical systems and components, Chapter 5.
3. A prescriptive requirements approach, Chapter 6.
Compliance with any one of these approaches meets the
intent of this Code. This Code is not intended to abridge any
safety or health requirements required under any other
applicable codes or ordinances.
The provisions of this Code do not consider the
efficiency of various energy forms as they are delivered to
the building envelope. A determination of delivered energy
efficiencies in conjunction with this Code will provide the
most efficient use of available energy in new building
construction.
101.3 Scope: This Code sets forth minimum requirements
for the design of new buildings and structures that provide
facilities or shelter for residential occupancies by
regulating their exterior envelopes and the selection of their
HVAC, service water heating and lighting systems and equipment
for efficient use and conservation of energy.
Buildings shall be designed to comply with the
requirements of either Chapter 4, 5, or 6 of this Code.
101.3.1 Exempt Buildings: Buildings and structures or
portions thereof meeting any of the following criteria shall
be exempt from the building envelope requirements of sections
502 and 602, but shall comply with all other requirements for
building mechanical systems, and service water heating.
101.3.1.1: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
whose peak design rate of energy usage is less than three and
four tenths (3.4) Btu/h per square foot or one point zero
(1.0) watt per square foot of floor area for space
conditioning requirements.
101.3.1.2: Buildings and structures or portions thereof
which are neither heated according to the definition of heated
space in Chapter 2, nor cooled by a nonrenewable energy
source, provided that the nonrenewable energy use for space
conditioning complies with requirements of section 101.3.1.1.
101.3.1.3: Greenhouses isolated from any conditioned
space and not intended for occupancy.
101.3.1.4: The provisions of this code do not apply to
the construction, alteration, or repair of temporary worker
housing except as provided by rule adopted under chapter 70.114A RCW or chapter 37, Laws of 1998 (SB 6168). "Temporary
worker housing" means a place, area, or piece of land where
sleeping places or housing sites are provided by an employer
for his or her employees or by another person, including a
temporary worker housing operator, who is providing such
accommodations for employees, for temporary, seasonal
occupancy, and includes "labor camps" under RCW 70.54.110.
101.3.2 Application to Existing Buildings: Additions,
historic buildings, changes of occupancy or use, and
alterations or repairs shall comply with the requirements in
the subsections below.
| EXCEPTION: | The building official may approve designs of alterations or repairs which do not fully conform with all of the requirements of this Code where in the opinion of the building official full compliance is physically impossible and/or economically impractical and: |
| 1. | The alteration or repair improves the energy efficiency of the building; or |
| 2. | The alteration or repair is energy efficient and is necessary for the health, safety, and welfare of the general
public. |
| In no case, shall building envelope requirements or mechanical system requirements be less than those requirements in effect at the time of the initial construction of the building. |
EXCEPTION:
New additions which do not fully comply with the requirements of this Code and which have a floor area which is
less than seven hundred fifty square feet shall be approved provided that improvements are made to the existing
occupancy to compensate for any deficiencies in the new addition. Compliance shall be demonstrated by either
systems analysis or component performance calculations. The nonconforming addition and upgraded, existing
occupancy shall have an energy budget or Target UA which is less than or equal to the unimproved existing
building (minus any elements which are no longer part of the building envelope once the addition is added), with
the addition designed to comply with this Code.
101.3.2.2 Historic Buildings: The building official may
modify the specific requirements of this Code for historic
buildings and require in lieu thereof alternate requirements
which will result in a reasonable degree of energy efficiency.
This modification may be allowed for those buildings which
have been specifically designated as historically significant
by the state or local governing body, or listed in The
National Register of Historic Places or which have been
determined to be eligible for listing.
101.3.2.3 Change of Occupancy or Use:
Any Other than Group R Occupancy which is converted to
Group R Occupancy shall be brought into full compliance with
this Code.
101.3.2.4 Alterations and Repairs: All alterations and
repairs to buildings or portions thereof originally
constructed subject to the requirements of this Code shall
conform to the provisions of this Code without exception. For
all other existing buildings, initial tenant alterations shall
comply with the new construction requirements of this Code. Other alterations and repairs may be made to existing
buildings and moved buildings without making the entire
building comply with all of the requirements of this Code for
new buildings, provided the following requirements are met:
101.3.2.5 Building Envelope: The result of the
alterations or repairs both:
1. Improves the energy efficiency of the building, and
2. Complies with the overall average thermal
transmittance values of the elements of the exterior building
envelope in Table 5-1 of Chapter 5 or the nominal R-values and
glazing requirements of the reference case in Tables 6-1 ((to
6-6)) and 6-2. For Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy alteration
where the glazing area is being increased, the glazing
U-factor shall comply with Prescriptive Option IV for Climate
Zone 1 and Prescriptive Option V for Climate Zone 2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Untested storm windows may be installed over existing glazing for an assumed U-factor of 0.90, however,
where glass and sash are being replaced in Group R Occupancy, glazing shall comply with the appropriate
reference case in Table 6-1 through Table ((
6-6)) 6-2.
2. Where the structural elements of the altered portions of roof/ceiling, wall or floor are not being replaced, these
elements shall be deemed to comply with this Code if all existing framing cavities which are exposed during
construction are filled to the full depth with batt insulation or insulation having an equivalent nominal R-value
while, for roof/ceilings, maintaining the required space for ventilation. Existing walls and floors without framing
cavities need not be insulated. Existing roofs shall be insulated to the requirements of this Code if
a. The roof is uninsulated or insulation is removed to the level of the sheathing, or
b. All insulation in the roof/ceiling was previously installed exterior to the sheathing or nonexistent.
101.3.2.6 Building Mechanical Systems: Those parts of
systems which are altered or replaced shall comply with
section 503 of this Code.
101.3.2.7 Service Water Heating: Those parts of systems
which are altered or replaced shall comply with section 504.
101.3.2.8 Lighting: Alterations shall comply with
section 1132.3.
| EXCEPTION: | Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy and the dwelling unit portions of Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy. |
101.4 Amendments by Local Government: Except as provided
in RCW 19.27A.020(7), this Code shall be the maximum and
minimum energy code for Group R Occupancy in each town, city
and county, no later than July 1, 1991.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0101, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-24-078, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0101, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0101, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0101, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
105.1 General: All construction or work for which a permit is
required shall be subject to inspection by the building
official and all such construction or work shall remain
accessible and exposed for inspection purposes until approved
by the building official.
105.2 Approvals Required: No work shall be done on any
part of the building or structure beyond the point indicated
in each successive inspection without first obtaining the
approval of the building official.
105.2.1 Required Inspections: The building official,
upon notification, shall make the following inspection in
addition to those inspections required in section ((108.5))
109.3 of the Washington State ((Uniform)) Building Code:
1. Wall insulation inspection: To be made after all wall
insulation and air vapor retarder sheet or film materials are
in place, but before any wall covering is placed.
105.3 Reinspection: The building official may require a
structure to be reinspected.
[Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0105, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0105, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
Where, in any specific case, different sections of this Code specify different materials, methods of construction or other requirements, the most restrictive shall govern. Where there is a conflict between a general requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall be applicable. Wherever in this Code reference is made to the appendix, the provisions in the appendix shall not apply unless specifically adopted.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076, § 51-11-0108, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0108, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0108, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
201.1 Application of Terms: For the purposes of this
Code, certain abbreviations, terms, phrases, words and their
derivatives, shall be as set forth in this chapter. Where
terms are not defined, they shall have their ordinary accepted
meanings within the context with which they are used. In the
event there is a question about the definition of a term, the
definitions for terms in the codes enumerated in RCW 19.27.031
and the edition of Webster's dictionary referenced therein
shall be considered as the sources for providing ordinarily
accepted meanings.
Addition: See the Washington State Building Code.
Advanced framed ceiling: Advanced framing assumes full and even depth of insulation extending to the outside edge of exterior walls. (See Standard Framing and Section 1007.2 of this Code.)
Advanced framed walls: Studs framed on twenty-four inch centers with double top plate and single bottom plate. Corners use two studs or other means of fully insulating corners, and one stud is used to support each header. Headers consist of double 2X material with R-10 insulation between the header and exterior sheathing. Interior partition wall/exterior wall intersections are fully insulated in the exterior wall. (See Standard Framing and Section 1005.2 of this Code.)
AFUE. Annual fuel utilization efficiency: Unlike steady state conditions, this rating is based on average usage including on and off cycling as set out in the standardized Department of Energy Test Procedures.
Air conditioning, comfort: The process of treating air to control simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution to meet requirements of the conditioned space.
ARI: Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute.
ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
Automatic: Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some impersonal influence, as for example, a change in current strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical configuration. (See Manual.)
Below grade walls: Walls or the portion of walls which are entirely below the finish grade or which extend two feet or less above the finish grade.
Boiler capacity: The rate of heat output in Btu/h measured at the boiler outlet, at the design inlet and outlet conditions and rated fuel/energy input.
Building envelope: For Group R Occupancy, the elements of a building which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior or to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of Section 101.3.1. For other than Group R Occupancy, the elements of a building which enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior, or to or from unconditioned spaces, or to or from semi-heated spaces, or to or from spaces exempted by the provisions of Section 1301.
Building, existing: See the Washington State Building Code.
Building official: The official authorized to act in behalf of a jurisdiction code enforcement agency or its authorized representative.
Building project: A building or group of buildings, including on-site energy conversion or electric-generating facilities, which utilize a single submittal for a construction permit or are within the boundary of a contiguous area under one ownership.
Conditioned floor area: (See Gross conditioned floor area.)
Conditioned space: A cooled space, heated space (fully heated), heated space (semi-heated) or indirectly conditioned space.
Cooled space: An enclosed space within a building that is cooled by a cooling system whose sensible capacity
a. exceeds 5 Btu/(h • ft2), or
b. is capable of maintaining space dry bulb temperature of 90°F or less at design cooling conditions.
COP - Coefficient of performance: The ratio of the rate of net heat output (heating mode) or heat removal (cooling mode) to the rate of total on-site energy input to the heat pump, expressed in consistent units and under designated rating conditions. (See Net Heat Output, Net Heat Removal, Total On-Site Energy Input.)
Daylighted zone:
a. Under overhead glazing: the area under overhead glazing whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the overhead glazing dimension in that direction plus either the floor to ceiling height or the dimension to a ceiling height opaque partition, or one-half the distance to adjacent overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
b. At vertical glazing: the area adjacent to vertical glazing which receives daylighting from the glazing. For purposes of this definition and unless more detailed daylighting analysis is provided, the daylighting zone depth is assumed to extend into the space a distance of 15 feet or to the nearest ceiling height opaque partition, whichever is less. The daylighting zone width is assumed to be the width of the window plus either two feet on each side (the distance to an opaque partition) or one-half the distance to adjacent overhead or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
Daylight sensing control (DS): A device that automatically regulates the power input to electric lighting near the glazing to maintain the desired workplace illumination, thus taking advantage of direct or indirect sunlight.
Deadband: The temperature range in which no heating or cooling is used.
Design cooling conditions: The cooling outdoor design temperature from the 0.5% column for summer from the Puget Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE."
Design heating conditions: The heating outdoor design temperature from the 0.6% column for winter from the Puget Sound Chapter of ASHRAE publication "Recommended Outdoor Design Temperatures, Washington State, ASHRAE."
Door: All operable opening areas, which are not glazing, in the building envelope including swinging and roll-up doors, fire doors, smoke vents and access hatches.
Door area: Total area of door measured using the rough opening and including the door and frame.
Dwelling unit: See the Washington State Building Code.
EER. Energy efficiency ratio: The ratio of net equipment cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under designated operating conditions.
Economizer, air: A ducting arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling supply fan system to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during mild or cold weather.
Economizer, water: A system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled directly, indirectly or both, by evaporation of water or by other appropriate fluid in order to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration.
Efficiency, HVAC system: The ratio of useful energy (at the point of use) to the energy input for a designated time period, expressed in percent.
Emissivity: The ability to absorb infrared radiation. A low emissivity implies a higher reflectance of infrared radiation.
Energy: The capacity for doing work; taking a number of forms which may be transformed from one into another, such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical and chemical; in customary units, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh) or British thermal units (Btu). (See New energy.)
Energy, recovered: (See Recovered energy.)
Exterior envelope: (See Building envelope.)
Facade area: Vertical projected area including nonhorizontal roof area, overhangs, cornices, etc. measured in elevation in a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the building face.
Floor over unconditioned space: A floor which separates a conditioned space from an unconditioned space which is buffered from exterior ambient conditions including vented crawl spaces and unconditioned basements or other similar spaces, or exposed to exterior ambient conditions including open parking garages and enclosed garages which are mechanically ventilated.
F-Factor: The perimeter heat loss factor expressed in Btu/hr • ft •°F.
F-Value: (See F-Factor.)
Garden window: A multisided glazing product that projects beyond the plane of the wall.
Glazed wall system: A category of site assembled fenestration products used in the NFRC 100 and NFRC 200 rating procedures that include curtainwalls.
Glazing: All areas, including the frames, in the shell of a conditioned space that let in natural light including windows, clerestories, skylights, sliding or swinging glass doors and glass block walls.
Glazing area: Total area of the glazing measured using the rough opening, and including the glazing, sash, and frame. For doors where the daylight opening area is less than 50% of the door area, the glazing area is the daylight opening area. For all other doors, the glazing area is the door area.
Gross conditioned floor area: The horizontal projection of that portion of interior space which is contained within exterior walls and which is conditioned directly or indirectly by an energy-using system, and which has an average height of five feet or greater, measured from the exterior faces.
Gross exterior wall area: The normal projection of the building envelope wall area bounding interior space which is conditioned by an energy-using system and which separates conditioned space from: Unconditioned space, or semi-heated space, or exterior ambient conditions or earth; includes opaque wall, vertical glazing and door areas. The gross area of walls consists of all opaque wall areas, including foundation walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, vertical glazing areas and door areas, where such surfaces are exposed to exterior ambient conditions and enclose a conditioned space including interstitial areas between two such spaces. (See Below grade wall.)
Gross floor area: The sum of the areas of the several floors of the building, including basements, cellars, mezzanine and intermediate floored tiers and penthouses of headroom height, measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the center line of walls separating buildings, but excluding: Covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces. Pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs and similar features.
Gross roof/ceiling area: A roof/ceiling assembly shall be considered as all components of the roof/ceiling envelope through which heat flows, thus creating a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such assembly is exposed to exterior ambient conditions and encloses a conditioned space. The assembly does not include those components that are separated from a heated and/or cooled space by a vented airspace. The gross area of a roof/ceiling assembly consists of the total interior surface of such assembly, including overhead glazing.
Guest room: See the Washington State Building Code.
Heat: The form of energy that is transferred by virtue of a temperature difference.
Heat storage capacity: The physical property of materials (mass) located inside the building envelope to absorb, store, and release heat.
Heated space (Fully heated): An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system whose output capacity is
a. Capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of 45°F or greater at design heating conditions; or
b. ((8)) 15 Btu/(h • ft2) of heated floor area or greater
in Climate Zone 1 and ((12)) 2.0 Btu/(h • ft2) of heated floor
area or greater in Climate Zone 2.
Heated space (Semi-heated): An enclosed space within a building, including adjacent connected spaces separated by an uninsulated component (e.g., basements, utility rooms, garages, corridors), which is heated by a heating system
a. whose output capacity is 3 Btu/(h • ft2) of heated floor area or greater in Climate Zone 1 and 5 Btu/(h • ft2) of heated floor area or greater in Climate Zone 2; and
b. is not a Heated Space (Fully Heated).
HSPF. Heating season performance factor: The total heating output (in Btu) of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided by the total (watt hour) electric power input during the same period, as determined by test procedures consistent with the U.S. Department of Energy "Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners, Including Heat Pumps" published in Standard RS-30. When specified in Btu per watt hour an HSPF of 6.826 is equivalent to a COP of 2.0.
Humidistat: A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control of relative humidity.
HVAC: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning.
HVAC system components: HVAC system components provide, in one or more factory-assembled packages, means for chilling and/or heating water with controlled temperature for delivery to terminal units serving the conditioned spaces of the buildings. Types of HVAC system components include, but are not limited to, water chiller packages, reciprocating condensing units and water source (hydronic) heat pumps. (See HVAC system equipment.)
HVAC system efficiency: (See Efficiency, HVAC system.)
HVAC system equipment: HVAC system equipment provides, in one (single package) or more (split system) factory-assembled packages, means for air circulation, air cleaning, air cooling with controlled temperature and dehumidification; and optionally, either alone or in combination with a heating plant, the functions of heating and humidifying. The cooling function may be either electrically or heat operated and the refrigerant condenser may be air, water or evaporatively cooled. Where the equipment is provided in more than one package, the separate packages shall be designed by the manufacturer to be used together. The equipment may provide the heating function as a heat pump or by the use of electric elements. (The word "equipment" used without modifying adjective may, in accordance with common industry usage, apply either to HVAC system equipment or HVAC system components.)
Indirectly conditioned space: An enclosed space within a building that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area weighted heat transfer coefficient to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that to the outdoors or to unconditioned spaces; or through which air from heated or cooled spaces is transferred at a rate exceeding three air changes per hour. Enclosed corridors between conditioned spaces shall be considered as indirectly conditioned space. (See Heated Space, Cooled Space and Unconditioned Space.)
Infiltration: The uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and interstices in any building element and around windows and doors of a building caused by the pressure effects of wind and/or the effect of differences in the indoor and outdoor air density.
Insulation baffle: A rigid material, resistant to wind driven moisture, the purpose of which is to allow air to flow freely into the attic or crawl space and to prevent insulation from blocking the ventilation of these spaces, or the loss of insulation. Example materials for this purpose are sheet metal, or wax impregnated cardboard.
Insulation position:
a. Exterior Insulation Position: a wall having all or nearly all of its mass exposed to the room air with the insulation on the exterior of the mass.
b. Integral Insulation Position: a wall having mass exposed to both room and outside air, with substantially equal amounts of mass on the inside and outside of the insulation layer.
c. Interior Insulation Position: a wall not meeting either of the above definitions; particularly a wall having most of its mass external to the insulation layer.
International Building Code (IBC): (See Washington State Building Code.)
International Mechanical Code (IMC): (See Washington State Building Code.)
IPLV -- Integrated part-load value: A single number figure of merit based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load efficiency for air conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capacities for the equipment as specified in the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI) and Cooling Tower Institute (CTI) procedures.
Luminaire: A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps and to connect the lamps to the electric power supply.
Manual: Capable of being operated by personal intervention. (See Automatic.)
Microcell: A wireless communication facility consisting of an antenna that is either: (a) Four (4) feet in height and with an area of not more than 580 square inches; or (b) if a tubular antenna, no more than four (4) inches in diameter and no more than six (6) feet in length; and the associated equipment cabinet that is six (6) feet or less in height and no more than 48 square feet in floor area.
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association.
NFRC: National Fenestration Rating Council.
Net heat output: The change in the total heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (not including supplementary heat and heat from boilers).
Net heat removal: The total difference in heat content of the air entering and leaving the equipment (without heat) or the difference in total heat content of the water or refrigerant entering and leaving the component.
New energy: Energy, other than recovered energy, utilized for the purpose of heating or cooling. (See energy.)
Nominal R-value: The thermal resistance of insulation as specified by the manufacturer according to recognized trade and engineering standards.
Nonrenewable energy sources: All energy sources that are not renewable energy sources including natural gas, oil, coal, wood, liquified petroleum gas, steam, and any utility-supplied electricity.
Nonresidential: All buildings and spaces in the
((Uniform)) International Building Code (((UBC))) (IBC)
occupancies other than Group R.
Occupancy: See the Washington State Building Code.
Occupancy sensor: A device that detects occupants within an area, causing any combination of lighting, equipment or appliances to be turned on or shut off.
Opaque envelope areas: All exposed areas of a building envelope which enclose conditioned space, except openings for doors, glazing and building service systems.
Open blown: Loose fill insulation pneumatically installed in an unconfined attic space.
Outdoor air (outside air): Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circulated through a building.
Overhead glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of less than 60° from the horizontal plane.
Packaged terminal air conditioner: A factory-selected
combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies or
sections intended to serve a room or zone. (For the complete
technical definition, see Standard ((RS-10)) RS-5.)
Permeance (perm): The ability of a material of specified
thickness to transmit moisture in terms of amount of moisture
transmitted per unit time for a specified area and
differential pressure (grains per hour • ft2 • inches of HG).
Permeance may be measured using ASTM ((E-96-72)) E-96-00 or
other approved dry cup method as specified in ((RS-27)) RS-1.
Personal wireless service facility: A Wireless Communication Facility (WCF), including a microcell, which is a facility for the transmission and/or reception of radio frequency signals and which may include antennas, equipment shelter or cabinet, transmission cables, a support structure to achieve the necessary elevation, and reception and/or transmission devices or antennas.
Pool cover: A vapor-retardant cover which lies on or at the surface of the pool.
Power: In connection with machines, the time rate of doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of all types, the rate at which energy is transmitted; in customary units, it is measured in watts (W) or British Thermal Units per hour (Btu/h).
Process energy: Energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than the maintenance of building comfort or amenities for building occupants.
Radiant slab floor: A slab floor assembly on grade or below, containing heated pipes, ducts, or electric heating cables that constitute a floor or portion thereof for complete or partial heating of the structure.
Readily accessible: See the Washington State Mechanical Code.
Recooling: The removal of heat by sensible cooling of the supply air (directly or indirectly) that has been previously heated above the temperature to which the air is to be supplied to the conditioned space for proper control of the temperature of that space.
Recovered energy: Energy utilized which would otherwise be wasted (i.e. not contribute to a desired end use) from an energy utilization system.
Reheat: The application of sensible heat to supply air that has been previously cooled below the temperature of the conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or the introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
Renewable energy sources: Renewable energy sources of energy (excluding minerals) are derived from: (1) incoming solar radiation, including but not limited to, natural daylighting and photosynthetic processes; (2) energy sources resulting from wind, waves and tides, lake or pond thermal differences; and (3) energy derived from the internal heat of the earth, including nocturnal thermal exchanges.
Reset: Adjustment of the set point of a control instrument to a higher or lower value automatically or manually to conserve energy.
Roof/ceiling assembly: (See Gross roof/ceiling area.)
SEER - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio: The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period, in Btu's, divided by the total electric energy input in watt-hours, during the same period, as determined by 10 CFR, Part 430.
Semi-heated space: Sub-category of Heated Space. (See Heated Space.)
Sequence: A consecutive series of operations.
Service systems: All energy-using systems in a building that are operated to provide services for the occupants or processes housed therein, including HVAC, service water heating, illumination, transportation, cooking or food preparation, laundering or similar functions.
Service water heating: Supply of hot water for domestic or commercial purposes other than comfort heating.
Shaded: Glazed area which is externally protected from direct solar radiation by use of devices permanently affixed to the structure or by an adjacent building, topographical feature, or vegetation.
Shading coefficient: The ratio of solar heat gain occurring through nonopaque portions of the glazing, with or without integral shading devices, to the solar heat gain occurring through an equivalent area of unshaded, 1/8 inch thick, clear, double-strength glass.
| Note: | Heat gains to be compared under the same conditions. See Chapter (( |
Single family: One and two family residential dwelling units with no more than two units in a single building.
Skylight: (See Overhead glazing.)
Slab-below-grade: Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is more than 24 inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
Slab-on-grade, exterior: Any portion of a slab floor in contact with the ground which is less than or equal to twenty-four inches below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
Small business: Any business entity (including a sole proprietorship, corporation, partnership, or other legal entity) which is owned and operated independently from all other businesses, which has the purpose of making a profit, and which has fifty or fewer employees, or which has a million dollars or less per year in gross sales, of window products.
Solar energy source: Source of natural daylighting and of thermal, chemical or electrical energy derived directly from conversion of incident solar radiation.
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the glazing product to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation which is then reradiated, conducted or convected into the space.
Split system: Any heat pump or air conditioning unit which is provided in more than one assembly requiring refrigeration piping installed in the field.
Standard framing: All framing practices not defined as "intermediate" or "advanced" shall be considered standard. (See Advanced framed ceiling, Advanced framed walls, Intermediate framed wall and Section 1005.2 of this Code.)
Substantial contact: A condition where adjacent building materials are placed in a manner that proximal surfaces are contiguous, being installed and supported as to eliminate voids between materials, without compressing or degrading the thermal performance of either product.
System: A combination of central or terminal equipment or components and/or controls, accessories, interconnecting means, and terminal devices by which energy is transformed so as to perform a specific function, such as HVAC, service water heating or illumination.
Tapering: Installation of a reduced level of ceiling insulation at the eaves, due to reduced clearance.
Thermal by-pass: An area where the envelope surrounding the conditioned space is breached, or where an ineffective application compromises the performance of a thermal or infiltration barrier, increasing the structure's energy consumption by exposing finished surfaces to ambient conditions and additional heat transfer.
Thermal conductance (C): Time rate of heat flow through a body (frequently per unit area) from one of its bounding surfaces to the other for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady conditions (Btu/hr•ft2•°F).
Thermal resistance (R): The reciprocal of thermal conductance (hr • ft2 •°F/Btu).
Thermal transmittance (U): The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air). It is the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit temperature difference between the warm side and cold side air films (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F).
Thermal transmittance, overall (Uo): The overall (average) heat transmission of a gross area of the exterior building envelope (Btu/hr • ft2 •°F). The Uo-factor applies to the combined effect of the time rate of heat flows through the various parallel paths, such as glazing, doors and opaque construction areas, comprising the gross area of one or more exterior building components, such as walls, floors or roof/ceiling.
Thermostat: An automatic control device actuated by temperature and designed to be responsive to temperature.
Total on-site energy input: The combination of all the energy inputs to all elements and accessories as included in the equipment components, including but not limited to, compressor(s), compressor sump heater(s), circulating pump(s), purge devices, fan(s), and the HVAC system component control circuit.
Transmission coefficient: The ratio of the solar heat gain through a glazing system to that of an unshaded single pane of double strength window glass under the same set of conditions.
Transverse joint: The primary connection between air distribution system fittings.
U-factor: (See thermal transmittance.)
U-Value: (See U-factor.)
((Uniform Building Code (UBC): (See Washington State
Building Code.)
Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC): (See Washington State Mechanical Code.)))
Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC): (See Washington State Plumbing Code.)
Unitary cooling and heating equipment: One or more factory-made assemblies which include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor and condenser combination, and may include a heating function as well. Where such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
Unitary heat pump: One or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including means to provide both heating and cooling functions. When such equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
Vapor retarder: A layer of low moisture transmissivity material (not more than 1.0 perm dry cup) placed over the warm side (in winter) of insulation, over the exterior of below grade walls, and under floors as ground cover to limit the transport of water and water vapor through exterior walls, ceilings, and floors. Vapor retarding paint, listed for this application, also meets this definition.
Vaulted ceilings: All ceilings where enclosed joist or rafter space is formed by ceilings applied directly to the underside of roof joists or rafters.
Ventilation: The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or may not have been conditioned.
Ventilation air: That portion of supply air which comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space.
Vertical glazing: A glazing surface that has a slope of 60° or greater from the horizontal plane.
Walls (exterior): Any member or group of members which defines the exterior boundaries or courts of a building and which have a slope of sixty degrees or greater with the horizontal plane, and separates conditioned from unconditioned space. Band joists between floors are to be considered a part of exterior walls.
Washington State Building Code: The ((building code as
modified by the)) Washington State Building Code is comprised
of the International Building Code; the International
Mechanical Code; the International Fire Code; the Uniform
Plumbing Code; the state regulations for barrier-free
facilities, as designated in RCW 19.27.031; the State Energy
Code; and any other codes so designated by the Washington
state legislature as adopted and amended by the State Building
Code Council.
((Washington State Mechanical Code: The mechanical code
as modified by the Washington State Building Code Council.
Washington State Plumbing Code: The plumbing code as modified by the Washington State Building Code Council.))
Zone: A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and/or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a single controlling device. Each dwelling unit in residential buildings shall be considered a single zone.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0201, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0201, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0201, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0201, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0201, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
402.1 Special Requirements for All Group R Occupancy:
402.1.1 Energy Budgets: Proposed buildings designed in
accordance with this section shall be designed to use no more
energy from nonrenewable sources for space heating, and
domestic hot water heating than a standard building whose
enclosure elements and energy consuming systems are designed
in accordance with section 502.2 of this Code for the
appropriate climate zone, and heating system type. Energy
derived from renewable sources may be excluded from the total
annual energy consumption attributed to the alternative
building.
402.1.2 Calculation of Energy Consumption: The
application for a building permit shall include documentation
which demonstrates, using a calculation procedure as listed in
Chapter 8, or an approved alternate, that the proposed
building's annual space heating energy use does not exceed the
annual space heating and water heating energy use of a
standard building conforming to Chapter 5 of this Code for the
appropriate climate zone. The total calculated annual energy
consumption shall be shown in units of ((kWh/ft2/year or
Btu/ft2/year)) kWh/ft2-yr or Btu/ft2-yr of conditioned area.
402.1.3 Input Values: The following standardized input
values shall be used in calculating annual space heating
budgets:
| PARAMETER | VALUE | |
| Thermostat set point, heating Thermostat set point, cooling Thermostat night set back Thermostat night set back period |
65° F 78° F 65° F 0 hours |
|
| Internal gain | ||
| R-3 and R-4 units R-1 and R-2 units |
3000 Btu/hr 1500 Btu/hr |
|
| Domestic Hot Water Heater Setpoint |
120° F |
|
| Domestic Hot Water Consumption |
20 gallons/person/day. | |
| Minimum heat storage | Calculated using standard engineering practice for the actual building or as approved. | |
Site weather data |
Typical meteorological year (TMY) or ersatz TMY data for the closest appropriate TMY site or other sites as approved. |
|
| Heating equipment efficiency | ||
| Electric resistance heat Heat Pumps Other Fuels |
1.00 6.80 HSPF. 0.78 AFUE. |
|
1. Overall thermal transmittance, Uo, of building envelope
or individual building components;
2. Heat storage capacity of building;
3. Glazing orientation; area; and solar heat
coefficients;
4. Heating system efficiency.
402.1.4 Solar Shading and Access: Building designs using
passive solar features with eight percent or more south facing
equivalent glazing to qualify shall provide to the building
official a sun chart or other approved documentation depicting
actual site shading for use in calculating compliance under
this section. The building shall contain at least forty-five
Btu/°F for each square foot of south facing glass.
402.1.5 Infiltration: Infiltration levels used shall be
set at 0.35 air changes per hour for thermal calculation
purposes only.
402.1.6 Heat Pumps: The heating season performance
factor (HSPF) for heat pumps shall be calculated using
procedures consistent with section 5.2 of the U.S. Department
of Energy Test Procedure for Central Air Conditioners,
including heat pumps published in the December 27, 1979
Federal Register Vol. 44, No. 24.10 CFR 430. Climate data as
specified above, the proposed buildings overall thermal
performance value (Btu/°F) and the standardized input
assumptions specified above shall be used to model the heat
pumps HSPF.
402.2 Energy Analysis: Compliance with this chapter will
require an analysis of the annual energy usage, hereinafter
called an annual energy analysis.
EXCEPTIONS:
Chapters 5, and 6 of this Code establish criteria for different energy-consuming and enclosure elements of the
building which, will eliminate the requirement for an annual systems energy analysis while meeting the intent of
this Code.
A building designed in accordance with this chapter will be deemed as complying with this Code if the
calculated annual energy consumption is not greater than a similar building (defined as a "standard design") whose
enclosure elements and energy-consuming systems are designed in accordance with Chapter 5.
For an alternate building design to be considered similar to a "standard design," it shall utilize the same energy
source(s) for the same functions and have equal floor area and the same ratio of envelope area to floor area,
environmental requirements, occupancy, climate data and usage operational schedule.
402.3 Design: The standard design, conforming to the
criteria of Chapter 5 and the proposed alternative design
shall be designed on a common basis as specified herein:
The comparison shall be expressed as kBtu or kWh input
per square foot of conditioned floor area per year at the
building site.
402.4 Analysis Procedure: The analysis of the annual
energy usage of the standard and the proposed alternative
building and system design shall meet the following criteria:
a. The building heating/cooling load calculation
procedure used for annual energy consumption analysis shall be
detailed to permit the evaluation of effect of factors
specified in section 402.5.
b. The calculation procedure used to simulate the
operation of the building and its service systems through a
full-year operating period shall be detailed to permit the
evaluation of the effect of system design, climatic factors,
operational characteristics, and mechanical equipment on
annual energy usage. Manufacturer's data or comparable field
test data shall be used when available in the simulation of
systems and equipment. The calculation procedure shall be
based upon eight thousand seven hundred sixty hours of
operation of the building and its service systems.
402.5 Calculation Procedure: The calculation procedure
shall cover the following items:
a. Design requirements -- Environmental requirements as
required in Chapter 3.
b. Climatic data -- Coincident hourly data for
temperatures, solar radiation, wind and humidity of typical
days in the year representing seasonal variation.
c. Building data -- Orientation, size, shape, mass, air,
moisture and heat transfer characteristics.
d. Operational characteristics -- Temperature, humidity,
ventilation, illumination, control mode for occupied and
unoccupied hours.
e. Mechanical equipment -- Design capacity, part load
profile.
f. Building loads -- Internal heat generation, lighting,
equipment, number of people during occupied and unoccupied
periods.
| EXCEPTION: | Group R Occupancy shall comply with calculation procedures in Chapter 8, or an approved alternate. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0402, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0402, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0402, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
502.1 General:
502.1.1: The stated U- or F-factor of any component
assembly, listed in Table 5-1 or 5-2, such as roof/ceiling,
opaque wall or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor
for other components decreased, provided that the total heat
gain or loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed
the total resulting from compliance to the U-factors specified
in this Section.
The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are
included in Chapter 10. These values shall be used for all
calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not
represented in Chapter 10, values shall be calculated in
accordance with Chapters ((21-29)) 23-30 in Standard RS-1
listed in Chapter 7, using the framing factors listed in
Chapter 10 where applicable.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the
U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory or field measurements.
2. Standard ((RS-25)) RS-1, listed in Chapter 7, where
the metal framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal
skin or covering.
3. The zone method as provided in Chapter ((24)) 25 of
Standard RS-1, listed in Chapter 7.
4. Results of parallel path correction factors effective
framing/cavity R-values as provided in Table 10-5A - EFFECTIVE
R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY for metal stud walls and
roof/ceilings.
502.1.2: For consideration of thermal mass effects, see
section 402.4.
502.1.3: When return air ceiling plenums are employed,
the roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the
ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly;
and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior
face of the upper plenum surface.
502.1.4 Insulation:
502.1.4.1 General: All insulating materials shall comply
with sections ((2602 and/or 707)) 2603 and/or 719 of the
((Uniform)) International Building Code. Substantial contact
of the insulation with the surface being insulated is
required. All insulation materials shall be installed
according to the manufacturer's instructions to achieve proper
densities and maintain uniform R-values and shall be installed
in a manner which will permit inspection of the manufacturer's
R-value identification mark. To the maximum extent possible,
insulation shall extend over the full component area to the
intended R-value.
Alternatively, the thickness of roof/ceiling and wall
insulation that is either blown in or spray-applied shall be
identified by inches of thickness, density and R-value markers
installed at least one for every 300 square feet (28 m2)
through the attic, ceiling and/or wall space. In attics, the
markers shall be affixed to the trusses or joists and marked
with the minimum initial installed thickness and minimum
settled thickness with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in
height. Each marker shall face the attic access. The
thickness of installed attic insulation shall meet or exceed
the minimum initial installed thickness shown by the marker. In cathedral ceilings and walls, the markers shall be affixed
to the rafter and wall frame at alternating high and low
intervals and marked with the minimum installed density and
R-value with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall face the conditioned room area.
502.1.4.2 Insulation Materials: All insulation materials
including facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers
installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a flame
spread rating of less than 25 and a smoke density not to
exceed 450 when tested in accordance with ((UBC Standard 8-1))
ASTM E84-01.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with section ((
2602 of the Uniform)) 2603 of the International Building
Code.
2. When such materials are installed in concealed spaces of Types III, IV and V construction, the flame spread
and smoke developed limitations do not apply to facing, provided that the facing is installed in substantial
contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall comply with section ((
707 of the Uniform)) 719 of the International Building Code.
502.1.4.3 Clearances: Where required, insulation shall
be installed with clearances according to manufacturer's
specifications. Insulation shall be installed so that
required ventilation is unobstructed. For blown or poured
loose fill insulation, clearances shall be maintained through
installation of a permanent retainer.
502.1.4.4 Access Hatches and Doors: Access doors from
conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and
crawl spaces) shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a
level equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding
surfaces. Access shall be provided to all equipment which
prevents damaging or compressing the insulation. A wood
framed or equivalent baffle or retainer must be provided when
loose fill insulation is installed, the purpose of which is to
prevent the loose fill insulation from spilling into the
living space when the attic access is opened, and to provide a
permanent means of maintaining the installed R-value of the
loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.5 Roof/Ceiling Insulation: Open-blown or poured
loose fill insulation may be used in attic spaces where the
slope of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12 and there
is at least 30 inches of clear distance from the top of the
bottom chord of the truss or ceiling joist to the underside of
the sheathing at the roof ridge. When eave vents are
installed, baffling of the vent openings shall be provided so
as to deflect the incoming air above the surface of the
insulation. Baffles shall be, rigid material, resistant to
wind driven moisture. Requirements for baffles for ceiling
insulation shall meet the ((Uniform)) International Building
Code section ((1505.3)) 1203.2 for minimum ventilation
requirements. When feasible, the baffles shall be installed
from the top of the outside of the exterior wall, extending
inward, to a point 6 inches vertically above the height of
noncompressed insulation, and 12 inches vertically above loose
fill insulation.
502.1.4.6 Wall Insulation: Insulation installed in
exterior walls shall comply with the provisions of this
section. All wall insulation shall fill the entire framed
cavity. Exterior wall cavities isolated during framing shall
be fully insulated to the levels of the surrounding walls. All faced insulation shall be face stapled to avoid
compression.
502.1.4.7 Floor Insulation: Floor insulation shall be
installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with
the surface being insulated. Insulation supports shall be
installed so spacing is no more than 24 inches on center. Foundation vents shall be placed so that the top of the vent
is below the lower surface of the floor insulation.
EXCEPTION:
Insulation may be omitted from floor areas over heated basements, heated garages or underfloor areas used as
HVAC supply plenums. See ((
Uniform)) International Mechanical Code section ((607)) 602.3 for underfloor
supply plenum requirements. When foundation walls are insulated, the insulation shall be attached in a permanent
manner. The insulation shall not block the airflow through foundation vents when installed. When foundation
vents are not placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower surface of the floor insulation, a permanently
attached baffle shall be installed at an angle of 30° from horizontal, to divert air flow below the lower surface of
the floor insulation.
502.1.4.8 Slab-On-Grade: Slab-on-grade insulation,
installed inside the foundation wall, shall extend downward
from the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches
or downward and then horizontally beneath the slab for a
minimum combined distance of 24 inches. Insulation installed
outside the foundation shall extend downward to a minimum of
24 inches or to the ((frostline)) top of the footing,
whichever is less. Above grade insulation shall be protected.
EXCEPTION:
For monolithic slabs, the insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab to the bottom of the footing.
502.1.4.9 Radiant Slabs: The entire area of a radiant
slab shall be thermally isolated from the soil, with a minimum
of R-10 insulation. The insulation shall be an approved
product for its intended use. If a soil gas control system is
present below the radiant slab, which results in increased
convective flow below the radiant slab, the radiant slab shall
be thermally isolated from the sub-slab gravel layer.
502.1.4.10 Below Grade Walls: Below grade exterior wall
insulation used on the exterior (cold) side of the wall shall
extend from the top of the below grade wall to the top of the
footing and shall be approved for below grade use. Above
grade insulation shall be protected.
Insulation used on the interior (warm) side of the wall
shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the below
grade floor level.
502.1.5 Glazing and Door U-factors: Glazing and door
U-factors shall be determined in accordance with sections
502.1.5.1 and 502.1.5.2. All products shall be labeled with
the NFRC certified or default U-factor. The labeled U-factor
shall be used in all calculations to determine compliance with
this Code. Sealed insulating glass shall conform to, or be in
test for, ASTM E-774-81 class A.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. For glazed wall systems, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing
U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and greater: |
| a. Double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e = 0.10 maximum,
with 90% minimum argon gas fill, and a non-aluminum spacer (as defined in footnote 1 to Table 10-6B), and |
|
| b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood,
vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl. |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing U-factor requirement using the
exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code." |
|
| 2. For overhead glazing, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the overhead glazing
U-factor requirement in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options except the unlimited glazing area options ((( |
|
| a. Either, double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e =0.20
maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, or, triple glazed plastic domes, and |
|
| b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood,
vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl. |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 overhead glazing U-factor requirement using the
exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code." |
|
| 3. For solariums with a floor area which does not exceed 300 square feet, assemblies which comply with the
features listed in exception 2 are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing and overhead glazing U-factor requirement
in Table 6-1 or 6-2 options with vertical glazing U-0.40 and greater. |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the Table 6-1 or 6-2 vertical glazing and overhead glazing U-factor
requirements using the exception to Section 502.1.5 in the Washington State Energy Code." |
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Glazing products without NFRC ratings may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for vertical
glazing and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
2. Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A
for garden windows, from Table 10-6B for other vertical glazing, and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
502.1.5.2 Standard Procedure for Determination of Door
U-factors: All doors, including fire doors, shall be assigned
default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. U-factors determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating Council
(NFRC) Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification and inspection
agency licensed by the NFRC.
2. The default values for the opaque portions of doors shall be those listed in Table 10-6C, provided that the
U-factor listed for a door with a thermal break shall only be allowed if both the door and the frame have a
thermal break.
3. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be installed for
ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be included in the U-factor
calculation requirements, however glazing area shall be included in glazing area calculations.
502.1.6 Moisture Control:
502.1.6.1 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarders shall be
installed on the warm side (in winter) of insulation as
specified in the following cases.
| EXCEPTION: | Vapor retarder installed with not more than 1/3 of the nominal R-value between it and the conditioned space. |
502.1.6.3 Roof/Ceilings: Roof/ceiling assemblies where
the ventilation space above the insulation is less than an
average of 12 inches shall be provided with a vapor retarder. Faced batt insulation where used as a vapor retarder shall be
face stapled. Single rafter joist vaulted ceiling cavities
shall be of sufficient depth to allow a minimum one inch
vented air space above the insulation.
502.1.6.4: Vapor retarders shall not be required in
roof/ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space above the
insulation averages 12 inches or greater.
502.1.6.5: Vapor retarders shall not be required where
all of the insulation is installed between the roof membrane
and the structural roof deck.
502.1.6.6 Walls: Walls separating conditioned space from
unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed. Faced batt insulation shall be face stapled.
502.1.6.7 Ground Cover: A ground cover of six mil (0.006
inch thick) black polyethylene or approved equal shall be laid
over the ground within crawl spaces. The ground cover shall
be overlapped 12 inches minimum at the joints and shall extend
to the foundation wall.
| EXCEPTION: | The ground cover may be omitted in crawl spaces if the crawl space has a concrete slab floor with a minimum thickness of 3-1/2 inches. |
502.2.1 UA Calculations: The proposed UA as calculated
using Equations 2 and 3 shall not exceed the target UA as
calculated using Equation 1. For the purpose of determining
equivalent thermal performance, the glazing area for the
target UA shall be calculated using values in Table 5-1. The
opaque door area shall be the same in the target UA and the
proposed UA.
| EXCEPTION: | Log and solid timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" and with space heat type other than electric resistance, are exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations. |
1. Electric Resistance: Space heating systems which
include baseboard units, radiant units and forced air units as
either the primary or secondary heating system.
| EXCEPTION: | Electric resistance systems for which the total electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling unit does not exceed the greater of: 1) One thousand watts (1000 w) per dwelling unit, or; 2) One watt per square foot (1 w/ft2) of the gross floor area. |
502.3 Reserved.
502.4 Air Leakage:
502.4.1 General: The requirements of this section shall
apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof,
and only to those locations separating outdoor ambient
conditions from interior spaces that are heated or
mechanically cooled.
502.4.2 Doors and Windows, General: Exterior doors and
windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from
the building envelope. Site-constructed doors and windows
shall be sealed in accordance with Section 502.4.3.
502.4.3 Seals and Weatherstripping:
a. Exterior joints around windows and door frames,
openings between walls and foundation, between walls and roof
and wall panels; openings at penetrations of utility services
through walls, floors and roofs; and all other openings in the
building envelope for all occupancies and all other openings
in between units in R-1 and R-2 Occupancy shall be sealed,
caulked, gasketed or weatherstripped to limit air leakage. Other exterior joints and seams shall be similarly treated, or
taped, or covered with moisture vapor permeable housewrap.
b. All exterior doors or doors serving as access to an
enclosed unheated area shall be weatherstripped to limit
leakage around their perimeter when in a closed position.
c. Site built windows are exempt from testing but shall
be made tight fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained
by stops with sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash
shall have weatherstripping working against overlapping trim
and a closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The
window frame to framing crack shall be made tight with
caulking, overlapping membrane or other approved technique.
d. Openings that are required to be fire resistive are
exempt from this section.
502.4.4 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: When installed in
the building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet
one of the following requirements:
1. Type IC rated, manufactured with no penetrations
between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity
and sealed or gasketed to prevent air leakage into the
unconditioned space.
2. Type IC rated, installed inside a sealed box
constructed from a minimum 1/2 inch thick gypsum wall board,
or constructed from a preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or
other air tight assembly manufactured for this purpose.
3. Type IC rated, certified under ASTM E283 to have no
more than 2.0 cfm air movement from the conditioned space to
the ceiling cavity. The lighting fixture shall be tested at 75
Pascals or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and have a label
attached, showing compliance.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0502, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, § 51-11-0502, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 02-24-076, filed 12/4/02,
effective 5/1/03)
WAC 51-11-0503
Building mechanical systems.
503.1 General: This section covers the determination of design requirements, system and component performance, control requirements, insulating systems and duct sealing. For all other duct construction requirements, refer to the State Mechanical Code (chapter 51-42 WAC).
503.2 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads, and
System Sizing Limits: The design parameters specified in
Chapter 3 shall apply for all computations.
503.2.1 Calculation Procedures: Heating and cooling
design loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems are
required and shall be calculated in accordance with accepted
engineering practice, including infiltration and ventilation.
503.2.2 Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing
Limits: Building mechanical systems for all buildings which
provide space heating and/or space cooling shall be sized no
greater than two hundred percent (200%) of the heating and
cooling design loads as calculated above.
EXCEPTIONS:
The following limited exemptions from the sizing limit shall be allowed; however, in all cases heating and/or
cooling design load calculations shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and cooling in one package unit, including heat pumps with electric
heating and cooling and gas-pack units with gas heating and electric cooling, compliance need only be
demonstrated for either the space heating or space cooling system size.
2. Natural gas- or oil-fired space heating equipment whose total rated space heating output in any one dwelling
unit is
a. 40,000 Btu/h or less is exempt from the sizing limit,
b. larger than 40,000 Btu/h may exceed the two hundred (200%) percent sizing limit provided that the installed
equipment has an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of not less than ninety (90%) percent.
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and other devices are provided which allow redundant
equipment to operate only when the primary equipment is not operating.
503.3 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: Systems and
equipment that provide simultaneous heating and cooling shall
comply with the requirements in, as appropriate, Section 1422
or Section 1435.
503.4 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements: All
heating equipment shall meet the requirements of the 1987
National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) and be so
labeled. Equipment shall also comply with Section 1411.
503.5 Reserved.
503.6 Balancing: The HVAC system design shall provide a
means for balancing air and water systems. Balancing the
system shall include, but not be limited to, dampers,
temperature and pressure test connections and balancing
valves.
503.7 Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer Cycle):
Systems and equipment that provide mechanical cooling shall
comply with Section 1413 and, as appropriate, Section 1423 or
1433.
503.8 Controls:
503.8.1 Temperature Control: Each system shall be
provided with at least one adjustable thermostat for the
regulation of temperature. Each thermostat shall be capable
of being set by adjustment or selection of sensors as follows:
503.8.1.1: When used to control heating only:
Fifty-five degrees to seventy-five degrees F.
503.8.1.2: When used to control cooling only: Seventy
degrees to eighty-five degrees F.
503.8.1.3: When used to control both heating and
cooling, it shall be capable of being set from fifty-five
degrees to eighty-five degrees F and shall be capable of
operating the system heating and cooling in sequence. The
thermostat and/or control system shall have an adjustable
deadband of not less than ten degrees F.
503.8.2 Humidity Control: If a system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected
relative humidities in space or zones, a humidistat shall be
provided. Humidistats shall be capable of being set to
prevent new energy from being used to produce space-relative
humidity above thirty percent.
EXCEPTION:
Special uses requiring different relative humidities may be permitted when approved by the building official.
503.8.3 Zoning for Temperature Control:
503.8.3.1 One- and Two-Family Dwellings: At least one
thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be
provided for each separate system. In addition, a readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each zone or floor.
503.8.3.2 Multifamily Dwellings: For multifamily
dwellings, each individual dwelling unit shall have at least
one thermostat for regulation of space temperature. A readily
accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided to
partially restrict or shut off the heating and/or cooling
input to each room. Spaces other than living units shall meet
the requirements of 503.8.3.3.
503.8.3.3 Reserved.
503.8.3.4 Control Setback and Shutoff:
Residential Occupancy Groups. One- and Two-Family and
Multifamily dwellings -- The thermostat required in section
503.8.3.1 or section 503.8.3.2, or an alternate means such as
a switch or clock, shall provide a readily accessible, manual
or automatic means for reducing the energy required for
heating and cooling during the periods of nonuse or reduced
need, such as, but not limited to unoccupied periods and
sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set points to reduce
energy consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy
to be expended to reach the reduced setting.
503.8.3.5 Heat Pump Controls: Programmable thermostats
are required for all heat pump systems. The cut-on
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than
the cut-on temperature for the supplementary heat, and the
cut-off temperature for the compression heating shall be
higher than the cut-off temperature for the supplementary
heat. Heat pump thermostats will be capable of providing at
least two programmable setback periods per day. The automatic
setback thermostat shall have the capability of limiting the
use of supplemental heat during the warm-up period.
503.9 Air Handling Duct System Insulation: Ducts,
plenums and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall be
thermally insulated per Table 5-11.
EXCEPTIONS:
Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not required in any of the following cases:
1. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the
building.
2. Within the HVAC equipment.
3. Exhaust air ducts.
4. Supply or return air ducts installed in unvented crawl spaces with insulated walls, basements, or cellars in
one-and two-family dwellings.
503.10 Ducts.
503.10.1 Leakage Testing: High-pressure and
medium-pressure ducts shall be leak tested in accordance with
the 1985 Edition of the SMACNA HVAC Air Duct Leakage Test
Manual with the rate of air leakage not to exceed the maximum
rate specified in that standard.
503.10.2 Seams and Joints: All low-pressure supply and
return duct transverse joints, and enclosed stud bays or joist
cavities/space used to transport air, shall be securely
fastened and sealed with welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives),
or mastic-plus-embedded-fabric systems installed in accordance
with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Ducts or building cavities used for air distribution that are located entirely within the conditioned space of the building are exempt from this section. |
| 2. UL 181A listed tapes used with listed rigid fibrous glass ducts may be used as the primary sealant, when installed in accordance with the listing. | |
| 3. UL 181B listed tapes used with listed flexible air ducts may be used as the primary sealant, when installed in accordance with the listing. | |
| 4. Where enclosed stud bays or joist cavities/spaces are used to transport air sealing may be accomplished using drywall, drywall tape plus joint compound. | |
| 5. Tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions, providing detailed information specific to application on ducts, including approved duct materials and required duct surface cleaning. |
503.11 Pipe Insulation: All piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 5-12.
EXCEPTION:
Piping installed within unitary HVAC equipment.
Cold water pipes outside the conditioned space shall be
insulated in accordance with the Washington State Plumbing
Code (chapter ((51-46)) 51-56 WAC).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045. 02-24-076, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/4/02, effective 5/1/03. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 02-01-112, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/18/01, effective 7/1/02; 01-03-010, § 51-11-0503, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045, and 19.27.020. 98-24-075, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, § 51-11-0503, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, § 51-11-0503, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
504.1 Scope: The purpose of this section is to provide
criteria for design and equipment selection that will produce
energy savings when applied to service water heating.
504.2 Water Heaters, Storage Tanks and Boilers:
504.2.1 Performance Efficiency: All Storage water
heaters shall meet the requirements of the 1987 National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act and be so labeled. All
electric water heaters in unheated spaces or on concrete
floors shall be placed on an incompressible, insulated surface
with a minimum thermal resistance of R-10.
For combination space and service water heaters with a
principal function of providing space heat, the Combined
Annual Efficiency (CAE) may be calculated by using ASHRAE
Standard 124-1991. Storage water heaters used in combination
space heat and water heat applications shall have either an
Energy Factor (EF) or a Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) of
not less than the following:
| Energy Factor (EF) | Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) | |
| <50 gallon storage | 0.58 | 0.71 |
| 50 to 70 gallon storage | 0.57 | 0.71 |
| >70 gallon storage | 0.55 | 0.70 |
504.2.3 Combination Service Water Heating/Space Heating
Boilers: Service water heating equipment shall not be
dependent on year round operation of space heating boilers.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Systems with service/space heating boilers having a standby loss Btu/h less than: | ||
| (13.3 pmd + 400)/n | |||
| determined by the fixture count method where: | |||
| pmd = probably maximum demand in gallons/hour
as determined in accordance with Chapter (( |
|||
| n = fraction of year when outdoor daily mean temperature exceeds 64.9° F. |
|||
| The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of twenty-four-hour duration while maintaining a boiler water temperature of ninety degrees F above an ambient of sixty degrees F and a five foot stack on appliance. | |||
| 2. For systems where the use of a single heating unit will lead to energy savings, such unit shall be utilized. | |||
504.4 Shutdown: A separate switch shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to electric service
water heating systems. A separate valve shall be provided to
permit turning off the energy supplied to the main burner(s)
of all other types of service water heater systems.
504.5 Swimming Pools:
504.5.1: All pool heaters shall be equipped with readily
accessible ON/OFF switch to allow shutting off the operation
of the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. Controls shall be provided to allow the water temperature to
be regulated from the maximum design temperature down to
sixty-five degrees F.
504.5.2 Pool Covers: Heated swimming pools shall be
equipped with a pool cover, approved by the building official.
504.6 Pump Operation: Circulating hot water systems
shall be controlled so that the circulation pump(s) can be
conveniently turned off, automatically or manually, when the
hot water system is not in operation.
504.7 Pipe Insulation: Piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with section 503.11.
504.8 Conservation of Hot Water:
504.8.1 Showers and Lavatories: Showers and lavatories
used for other than safety reasons shall be equipped with flow
control devices or specially manufactured showerheads or
aerators to limit the total water flow rate as set forth in
chapter ((51-26)) 51-56 WAC, as measured with both hot and
cold faucets turned on to their maximum flow.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, § 51-11-0504, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, § 51-11-0504, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, § 51-11-0504, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
505.1 Lighting Controls: Hotel and motel guest rooms and
guest suites shall have a master control device at the main
room entry that controls all permanently installed luminaires
and switched receptacles.
505.2 Lighting Power: Lighting shall comply with the
Prescriptive Lighting Option in Section 1520 or the Lighting
Power Allowance Option in Section 1530.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Group R-3 and R-4 Occupancy and the dwelling unit portions of Group R-1 and R-2 Occupancy. |
| 2. Lighting exempted by Section 1512. |