PERMANENT RULES
Date of Adoption: March 12, 2002.
Purpose: To make changes in existing rules as a result of legislation passed by the legislature in 2001; to eliminate the reports required for vote-by-mail elections.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Repealing WAC 434-236-040, 434-236-050, 434-236-210, 434-240-025 and 434-240-160; and amending WAC 434-236-030, 434-236-060, 434-236-070, 434-236-080, 434-236-100, 434-236-110, 434-236-140, 434-236-180, 434-240-010, 434-240-020, 434-240-060, 434-240-090, 434-240-120, 434-240-130, 434-240-150, 434-240-190, 434-240-205, 434-240-230, 434-240-235, 434-240-250, 434-240-320, and 434-262-020.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 29.04.210, 29.36.150.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 02-03-133 on January 23, 2002.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 4, Amended 21, Repealed 2.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 0, Amended 1, Repealed 3.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 0, Amended 1, Repealed 3.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making:
New 4,
Amended 22,
Repealed 5;
Pilot Rule Making:
New 0,
Amended 0,
Repealed 0;
or Other Alternative Rule Making:
New 0,
Amended 0,
Repealed 0.
Effective Date of Rule:
Thirty-one days after filing.
March 11, 2002
Steve Excell
Assistant Secretary of State
OTS-4949.4
NEW SECTION
WAC 434-236-025
Mail ballot precincts.
(1) The county
auditor may designate any precinct having fewer than two hundred
active registered votes at the time of the closing of the voter
registration files for that primary or election as a mail ballot
precinct. In making this determination, persons who are ongoing
absentee voters as described in WAC 434-240-010(7) shall not be
counted.
(2) In such a case, the auditor shall notify each registered voter in the designated precinct by mail that for all future primaries and elections, or until a specified date, the voting in the voter's precinct will be by mail ballot only.
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[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-030, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-030, filed 11/1/83.]
(a) For an office or ballot measure of a special purpose district that is entirely within the county;
(b) For an office or ballot measure of a special purpose district that lies in the county and one or more other counties if the auditor first secures the concurrence of the county auditors of those other counties to conduct the primary in this manner district-wide; and
(c) For ballot measures or nonpartisan offices of a county, city, or town if the auditor first secures the concurrence of the legislative authority of the county, city, or town involved.
(2) In the event that a primary is to be held by mail ballot only, the auditor must notify the jurisdiction involved not later than forty-five days before the primary date.
(3) An all mail primary shall not be held if a partisan office, or state office, or state ballot measure is to be voted upon.
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(1) The title of each office to be voted upon, if any;
(2) The names and addresses of all candidates; and
(3) The ballot titles of all ballot measures.
The notice shall also list:
(a) The precincts that are voting by mail ballot only if not the entire election;
(b) The location where voters may obtain replacement ballots; and
(c) The location(s) where unmailed ballots may be deposited between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on the day of the election, and any other dates and times such locations will be open.
The auditor shall additionally notify local radio, television, and newspapers, if applicable, that the election is to be conducted by mail ballot only.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-060, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-060, filed 11/1/83.]
(2) The auditor shall send each inactive registered voter either a ballot or an application to receive a ballot. If the voter returns a voted ballot, the ballot must be counted and the voter returned to active status.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-070, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-070, filed 11/1/83.]
(1) Postal service endorsements to prevent forwarding of
((the)) ballots and ensure undeliverable ballots are returned to
the county auditor with address corrections; or
(2) Postal service endorsements to allow forwarding of the ballots, to receive from the post office the addresses to which ballots were forwarded, and the return of unforwardable ballots. Forwarded ballots shall also contain a clear explanation of the qualifications necessary to vote in that election and must also advise a voter who has questions about his or her eligibility to contact the county auditor.
In all other respects, mail ballot election envelopes shall conform to the requirements for absentee ballot envelopes provided in chapter 434-240 WAC.
County auditors shall be permitted to use any existing stock of mail ballot envelopes and instructions in the form specified by state law or administrative rule prior to August 1, 2001. Upon exhaustion of that stock or not later than July 1, 2002, county auditors shall comply with the provisions of this regulation when ordering mail ballot return envelopes.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-080, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-080, filed 11/1/83.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-100, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-100, filed 11/1/83.]
The county auditor shall maintain a record of each replacement ballot so issued. Any absentee ballot request made wherein the voter lists an address different from that to which his or her mail ballot has been or is to be mailed shall be handled as provided by RCW 29.36.030.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-110, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-110, filed 11/1/83.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-140, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-140, filed 11/1/83.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-236-180, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1983 1st ex.s. c 71. 83-22-055 (Order 83-2), § 434-36-180, filed 11/1/83.]
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
WAC 434-236-040 | Mail ballot election plan. |
WAC 434-236-050 | Review of the plan by the secretary of state. |
WAC 434-236-210 | Report to the secretary of state. |
OTS-4950.3
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 97-21-045, filed 10/13/97,
effective 11/13/97)
WAC 434-240-010
Definitions.
As used in this chapter:
(1) An "elector" of the state of Washington is any person who qualifies under state or federal law as an overseas voter, service voter, or out-of-state voter and who:
(a) Is not currently a registered voter in Washington or any other state;
(b) Will be at least eighteen years of age at the time of the next election;
(c) Is a citizen of the United States;
(d) Is a legal resident of the state, county, and precinct for at least thirty days preceding the election at which he or she offers to vote;
(e) Is not currently being denied his or her civil rights by being convicted of a crime for which he or she could have been sentenced to the state penitentiary;
(2) "Out-of-state voters," "overseas voters," "protected records voters," and "service voters" are electors of the state of Washington and are not registered voters of Washington or any other state; electors of the state of Washington who are spouses or dependents of service voters shall be considered to be either out-of-state voters or overseas voters;
(3) "Service voters" are electors of the state of Washington who are outside the state during the period available for voter registration and who are members of the armed forces while in active service, are students or members of the faculty at a United States military academy, are members of the merchant marine of the United States, are members of a religious group or welfare agency officially attached to and serving with the armed forces of the United States, or are certified participants in the address confidentiality program authorized by chapter 40.24 RCW.
(4) "Canvassing" is that process of examining, in detail, a ballot, groups of ballots, election subtotals, or grand totals in order to determine the final official returns of a primary, special, or general election and in order to safeguard the integrity of the election process;
(5) "Canvassing board" or "county canvassing board" is that body charged by law with the duty of canvassing absentee ballots, of ruling on the validity of special or challenged ballots, of verifying all unofficial returns as listed in the auditor's abstract of votes, and of producing the official county canvass report; it shall be composed of the county auditor, prosecuting attorney, and chairperson of the board of the county legislative authority, or their representatives, designated pursuant to the provisions of WAC 434-240-210;
(6) "Territorial limits of the United States" means the fifty United States and the District of Columbia;
(7) "Ongoing absentee ballot" is a ballot provided to voters who have requested in writing to automatically receive an absentee ballot for each ensuing election for which he or she is entitled to vote, and provided to voters who are certified participants in the address confidentiality program, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 40.24 RCW;
(8) "Hospital absentee ballot" is that absentee ballot
provided to voters confined to a ((hospital no earlier than five
days before)) healthcare facility on the day of a primary or
election((, pursuant to the provisions of RCW 29.36.010));
(9) "Special absentee ballot" is that ballot provided to registered voters and electors in state primary and general elections who indicate on their application that they believe they will be residing or stationed or working outside the continental United States at the time of the election and that they will be unable to vote and return a regular absentee ballot during the time period provided by law;
(10) "Regular absentee ballot" is that absentee ballot provided to voters or electors who request an absentee ballot and who do not either request or qualify for an ongoing absentee ballot, hospital absentee ballot, or special absentee ballot;
(11) "Secure storage" are those locations provided for the storage of all material connected with the absentee ballot process, including ballots, and shall be under the direct control of the county auditor. Secure storage shall employ the use of numbered seals and logs or any other security measures which will detect any inappropriate access to the secured materials when such materials are not being prepared or processed by the county auditor or persons authorized by the county canvassing board;
(12) "Challenged ballot" is that ballot issued to any voter whose registration has been challenged pursuant to the provisions of chapter 29.10 RCW and this chapter;
(13) "Special ballot" is that ballot issued to a voter by
precinct election officers pursuant to WAC ((434-240-250 or
whenever any doubt exists as to the voter's qualifications to
vote in an election and no challenge has been made by either a
registered voter or the precinct election officer)) 434-253-043.
(14) "County auditor" shall be as defined by RCW 29.01.043, and with respect to the processing of absentee ballots and applications, the term includes any employee of the county auditor who is directed in writing to perform those duties on behalf of the county auditor.
(15) "Mail ballot precinct" is any precinct containing less than two hundred active registered voters at the closing of voter registration under RCW 29.07.160 in which the county auditor has determined to conduct the voting by mail ballot.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-010, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1991 c 23. 91-20-074, § 434-40-010, filed 9/26/91, effective 10/27/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-010, filed 1/12/88.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-020, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-020, filed 1/12/88.]
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(1) The cancellation of the voter's registration record;
(2) The written request of the voter;
(3) The death or disqualification of the voter;
(4) The return of an ongoing absentee ballot as undeliverable;
(5) Upon being placed on inactive status.
A service voter, as defined in RCW 29.01.155, who is a certified participant in the address confidentiality program authorized by chapter 40.24 RCW, shall maintain ongoing absentee voter status throughout the term of their program participation.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-060, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: 1991 c 23. 91-20-074, § 434-40-060, filed 9/26/91, effective 10/27/91. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-060, filed 1/12/88.]
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(1) The applicant's printed name and the address at which he or she is registered to vote or, if an elector, the last physical residence for voting purposes in Washington;
(2) The address to which the special ballot is to be mailed;
(3) An indication of the election for which the ballot is requested;
(4) The voter's signature;
(5) A box for the voter to check indicating that they want a regular absentee ballot forwarded to them as soon as it is available;
((The application shall also state that the applicant
believes that he or she will be residing or stationed outside the
continental United States and that he or she believes that they
will be unable to vote and return a regular absentee ballot by
mail during the period provided by law for the return of regular
absentee ballots.)) (6) The declaration required in WAC 434-240-190. The county auditor shall honor any application for
a special absentee ballot that is in substantial compliance with
the provisions of this section.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-090, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-090, filed 1/12/88.]
(1) A statement by the voter that he or she was admitted to the hospital no earlier than five days prior to a primary or general election;
(2) A statement by the voter that he or she will be confined to the hospital on the day of the primary or election;
(3) A place for the voter to print his or her name and address;
(4) A place for the voter to sign the application;
(5) A place for the hospital administrator or his or her designee to verify the voter's date of admission and status as a patient;
Voters qualifying for hospital absentee ballots may apply by messenger on the day of the primary or election for that ballot.)) a registered voter who is a resident of a health care facility, as defined by RCW 70.37.020(3), to apply for an absentee ballot by messenger on election day. The messenger may pick up the voter's absentee ballot and deliver it to the voter and return it to the county auditor's office.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-120, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-120, filed 1/12/88.]
(2) If, in the judgment of the auditor, insufficient time exists to permit this action, the auditor may issue the absentee ballot that would be issued if the applicant had listed the courthouse as his or her legal residence.
(3) Upon its return, the ballot shall be referred to the county canvassing board, and only that part of the ballot containing candidates and measures common to the entire county, and any other offices or issues on which it can be conclusively determined the voter is qualified to cast a ballot, shall be tabulated.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-130, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-130, filed 1/12/88.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-150, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-150, filed 1/12/88.]
(1) Instructions for correctly voting the absentee
ballot((,));
(2) Instructions how to correct a vote;
(3) A security envelope which shall bear no markings
identifying the voter((,)); and
(4) A return envelope which shall bear the return address of
the ((issuing officer)) county auditor and shall have a space for
the voter to sign his or her name. The return envelope shall
also have the following statement:
I . . . . . . . . . do solemnly swear or affirm under penalty of
law that I am a legal resident of the state of Washington
entitled to vote in this election I have not voted another
ballot, and I understand that any person attempting to vote when
he or she is not entitled or who falsely signs this affidavit
shall be guilty of a felony, punishable by imprisonment of not
more than five years or a fine of not more than ten thousand
dollars, or both such fine and imprisonment.
. . . . . . . . . . . .
Date Ballot Voted Signature of Voter
All absentee ballot envelopes and return envelopes shall conform
to existing postal department regulations . The return envelope
shall bear the words "OFFICIAL BALLOT - DO NOT DELAY" prominently
displayed on the front, and shall also bear the words "POSTAGE
REQUIRED" in the upper right-hand corner.
County auditors shall be permitted to use any existing stock of
absentee ballot return envelopes and instructions, in the form
specified by state law or administrative ((rate)) rule prior to
((June 1, 1997)) August 1, 2001. Upon exhaustion of that stock
or not later than ((December 31, 1998)) July 1, 2002, county
auditors shall comply with the provisions of this regulation when
ordering absentee ballot return envelopes.
If the county auditor chooses to forward absentee ballots, he or she must include with the ballot a clear explanation of the qualifications necessary to vote in that election and must also advise a voter who has questions about his or her eligibility to contact the county auditor. This explanation may be provided on the ballot envelope, on an enclosed insert, or printed directly on the ballot itself. Postal service endorsements to allow forwarding of the ballots, to receive from the post office the addresses to which ballots were forwarded, and the return of unforwardable ballots shall be used on any forwardable absentee ballots. If the information is not included, the envelope must clearly indicate that the ballot is not to be forwarded and that return postage is guaranteed.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 98-03-033, § 434-240-190, filed 1/13/98, effective 2/13/98; 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-190, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-190, filed 1/12/88.]
(1) Requested an absentee ballot prior to election day; and
(2) Did not receive the absentee ballot or whose absentee ballot was damaged, lost, or destroyed.
A voter may request an absentee replacement ballot in person, by mail, by telephone, or by other electronic transmission for himself or herself and for any member of his or her immediate family.)) claims that the ballot originally issued was destroyed, spoiled, lost, or not received. The voter may request a replacement ballot by telephone, mail, electronic mail, fax, or in person at the county auditor's office. The county auditor shall keep a record of each replacement ballot provided under this section.
The request must be received by the auditor prior to 8:00 p.m. on election day.
((The county auditor shall maintain a record of each
replacement ballot issued, including the date of the request.)) Replacement absentee ballots or the original absentee ballot,
whichever is received first, shall be credited to the voter's
registration file and tabulated if the ballot meets all
requirements for tabulation. If the auditor receives additional
ballot(s) from a voter, as indicated by the fact that the voter
is already credited with voting, the additional ballot(s) shall
not be counted and shall be forwarded to the county canvassing
board.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080 and 29.04.210. 99-08-089, § 434-240-205, filed 4/6/99, effective 5/7/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, § 434-240-205, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97.]
(2) All absentee ballot return envelopes may be opened and subsequently processed no earlier than the tenth day prior to any primary or election. In counties tabulating absentee ballots by hand, the inner security envelope may not be opened until after 8:00 p.m. on election day.
(3) In counties tabulating absentee ballots on an electronic vote tallying system, the canvassing board or its representatives may perform the initial processing of absentee ballots at any time on or after the tenth day prior to the primary or election. Following initial processing, all absentee ballots must be kept in secure storage until they are ready for final processing.
(4) Final processing may be performed only after 7:00 a.m. on the day of that primary or election.
(5) Tabulation may not occur until after 8:00 p.m. on the day of the primary or election.
(6) In counties tabulating ballots on an optical scan/mark sense vote tallying system, the auditor will set the devices to reject all overvotes and blank ballots.
(a) All rejected ballots shall be outstacked for additional manual inspection.
(b) The outstacked ballots shall be inspected in a manner similar to the original inspection with special attention being given to stray marks, erasures, and other conditions that may have caused the vote-tallying device to misread and reject the ballot.
(c) The reinspected ballots will then be processed in a manner prescribed in this chapter according to the findings of the inspection.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 98-03-033, § 434-240-230, filed 1/13/98, effective 2/13/98; 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-230, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-230, filed 1/12/88.]
(a) Require the voter to appear in person and sign the return envelope not later than the day before the certification of the primary or election; or
(b) Provide the voter with a copy of the return envelope affidavit and require the voter to sign the copy of the affidavit and mail it back to the auditor so that it arrives not later than the day before the certification of the primary or election.
(2) The auditor shall advise the voter about the correct procedures for completing the unsigned affidavit and that, in order for the ballot to be counted, the voter must either:
(a) Sign the copy of the return envelope affidavit, if one is provided by the auditor, and mail it back to the auditor so that it arrives not later than the day before the certification of the primary or election; or
(b) Appear in person at the auditor's office not later than the day before the certification of the primary or election and complete the affidavit on the return envelope.
(3) A record shall be kept of the date on which the voter was contacted or on which the notice was mailed to the voter, as well as the date on which the voter signed the return envelope or a copy of the return envelope affidavit. That record is a public record pursuant to RCW 42.17 and may be disclosed to interested parties on written request.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 98-03-033, § 434-240-235, filed 1/13/98, effective 2/13/98.]
This regulation and WAC 434-240-260 shall not apply to any county that does not tabulate absentee ballots until the poll books have been examined to ensure that no voter has voted twice.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-240-250, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.36.150. 88-03-019 (Order 88-1), § 434-40-250, filed 1/12/88.]
If the precinct exceeds two hundred registered voters, or the auditor determines to return to a polling place election environment, the auditor shall notify each registered voter, by mail, of this and shall provide the address of the polling place to be used.
Unless otherwise provided for by law or administrative rule, mail ballot precinct ballots shall be processed in the same manner as absentee ballots. For all other purposes, including the rotation of ballots and the reporting of returns, mail ballot precinct ballots shall be treated in the same manner as polling place ballots unless otherwise provided for by law or administrative rule.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 98-03-033, § 434-240-320, filed 1/13/98, effective 2/13/98.]
The following sections of the Washington Administrative Code are repealed:
WAC 434-240-025 | Telephone requests for absentee ballots. |
WAC 434-240-160 | Notification to voter of incomplete application. |
OTS-4952.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 97-21-045, filed 10/13/97,
effective 11/13/97)
WAC 434-262-020
Preliminary abstract of votes.
Following
the election and prior to the official canvass, the county
auditor shall prepare an abstract of votes, listing the number of
registered voters and votes cast, votes cast for and against
measures, ((and)) votes cast for candidates, overvotes and
undervotes, by precinct or groups of precincts in the event that
precincts have been combined ((pursuant to)) in accordance with
RCW 29.04.055, for canvassing purposes. The county auditor shall
inspect the report for errors that may affect the results of the
election. Correction of any errors discovered must be made prior
to the official canvass.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080, 29.04.210, 29.36.150 and 29.79.200. 97-21-045, recodified as § 434-262-020, filed 10/13/97, effective 11/13/97. Statutory Authority: RCW 29.04.080. 80-15-008 (Order 80-3), § 434-62-020, filed 10/3/80.]