PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 01-11-071.
Title of Rule: Amendment of chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code.
Purpose: To consider whether to amend the 2000 Edition of the Washington State Energy Code (chapter 51-11 WAC).
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
Statute Being Implemented: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A, and 34.05 RCW.
Summary: The proposed rules include adoption of amendments to the 2000 Washington State Energy Code, including increasing the energy efficiency for residential buildings and updating the mechanical equipment efficiencies for nonresidential buildings (see Explanation of Rule below for itemized list of proposed changes).
Reasons Supporting Proposal: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Judith Darst, P.O. Box 48350, Olympia, WA 98504, (360) 725-2965; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
Name of Proponent: Washington State Building Code Council, governmental.
Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: The council is seeking comments on the issues proposed in the rules shown below.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Explanation of Rule, its Purpose, and Anticipated Effects: The proposed rule amends chapter 51-11 WAC, Washington State Energy Code. The purpose is to amend the 2000 Washington State Energy Code, including increasing the energy efficiency for residential buildings and updating the mechanical equipment efficiencies for nonresidential buildings. The proposed amendments will provide greater simplicity, improved energy efficiency, and consistency, than the published version for application in Washington state.
Regulatory Review: In compliance with Executive Order 97-02, Regulatory Improvement, the following criteria for regulatory review will be considered at the time of final adoption of the rule.
1. Need. This rule is authorized by RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. The council regularly reviews statewide amendment proposals to the Washington State Energy Code, and adopts the amendments as deemed appropriate. The purpose and objective of this review, as given in RCW 19.27.020, is to promote the health, safety and welfare of the occupants or users of buildings; to require minimum construction standards for the state of Washington; to permit the use of modern technical methods; to eliminate restrictive, obsolete, conflicting, duplicating and unnecessary regulations; and to provide standards to make buildings accessible to and usable by persons with physical disabilities. The technical advisory groups appointed by the council have identified rules that are obsolete, duplicative or ambiguous, and have proposed amendments and revisions.
2. Effectiveness and Efficiency. The mission of the council is to adopt building codes for uniform application throughout the state. In this special rule review at the request of the governor, the council examined regulatory alternatives and new technologies. The council has identified where alternatives can be used effectively and efficiently. The council efficiently achieves uniform state building codes by serving as the central administrative agency for statewide adoption of building codes.
3. Clarity. The council revised their filing procedure for state amendments to the national uniform codes. To enhance clarity, only those subsections with a state amendment will be filed under the main section number. The balance of the main section will remain as written in the national uniform code, as adopted by reference, unless otherwise noted. This reformatting change reorganizes and shortens the WACs.
4. Intent and Statutory Authority. The proposed rule is consistent with the legislative intent of the statute chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW. These statutes give the council sufficient authority to maintain the state building code, and to adopt amendments to the Washington State Energy Code.
5. Coordination. The council rule-making process has included participation by national, state, and local building, fire, mechanical and plumbing officials, as well as state agency representatives for the departments of social and health services, health, labor and industries, and the state fire marshal. The council actively seeks participation from other state agencies to assure that duplication and inconsistency is eliminated.
6. Cost. The council appointed technical advisory groups and an Economic and Regulatory Assessment Committee to examine the costs and benefits associated with the revisions to the building codes.
7. Fairness. The state amendments to the Washington State Energy Code proposed by the council are intended to mitigate disproportionate impact on the regulated community. The council is made up of representatives from the regulated community, as well as public and regulatory officials. In addition, the council enlisted the assistance of technical advisory groups, made up of the individuals, organizations and businesses impacted by the building codes, to review code changes and proposals.
Proposal Changes the Following Existing Rules: RESIDENTIAL:
1. Prescriptive Paths (Tables 6-1 through 6-6, Sections 601, 602, 603, 502.1.5) (TWO OPTIONS): Both options of this proposed amendment simplify the code by deleting the existing Tables 6-1 through 6-6 and replacing them with revised Tables 6-1 and 6-2. Also, both options increase the energy efficiency, eliminate the dual fuel element of the code, and reduce the number of overall paths. The difference between the two options is in the new Table 6-1, for 12% glazing, the wall insulation requirement:
Option 1: R-15 for both "Wall Above Grade" and "Wall interior Below Grade."
Option 2: R-13 for "Wall Above Grade" and R-19 for "Wall interior Below Grade."
2. Component Performance Paths (Table 5-1): This proposed amendment simplifies the code and increases the energy efficiency by deleting the dual fuel columns.
3. Glazing Area Calculations (Section 502.1.5.2 exception 3, 602.7.2 exception): These proposals revise two existing exceptions regarding glazing area calculations and clarify how to account for glazing in doors, single glazing for ornamental, security or architectural purposes, and double glazed garden windows.
4. Residential Mechanical Equipment Efficiencies (Section 503.4 and Tables 5-4 through 5-8): In conjunction with the proposed Nonresidential change #7, this proposed amendment first restates the present requirement: Compliance with the 1987 National Appliances Energy Conservation Act (NAECA). Also, for simplicity and consistency the remainder of Section 503.4 and Tables 5-4 through 5-8 are deleted and a reference to Section 1411 is inserted. Compliance with Section 1411 also includes compliance with the new Mechanical Equipment Efficiency Tables 14-1A through 14-1-G (ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1.1999).
5. Prescriptive Heating System Sizing: (Chapter 9): In conjunction with the residential envelope revisions (proposals #1 and #2), this proposed amendment revises the heating system sizing calculations. The houses will be more efficient and therefore the design heat load needs to be reduced. Also, the dual fuel allowances were deleted to reflect the changes made in both the prescriptive path approach and the component performance approach (listed above).
6. Vertical Glazing U-factors for Small Businesses (Table 10-6B): This proposal amends Table 10-6B to provide flexibility for small window manufacturers.
NONRESIDENTIAL:
7. Mechanical Equipment Efficiency (Tables 14-1 through 14-3 and Section 1411): This proposed amendment deletes the existing equipment efficiency tables (Tables 14-1 through 14-3) and replaces them with Tables 14-1A through 14-1-G, the current national standard (ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1.1999).
8. Dampers (Section 1412.4.1): This proposed amendment adds the word "motorized" to the damper requirement. It adds two new exceptions for nonmotorized dampers. It also requires a maximum leakage rate tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500 and requires the drawings to indicate compliance.
9. Economizers (Sections 1401, 1413, 1423 and 1433): These proposed amendments makes clarifications to the installation of economizers, adds more comprehensive exceptions, addresses water economizers and humidification, and deletes the exception to Section 1401. These proposed changes provide for new technology, give more specific guidance for designed systems, and remove vague language that could result in obsolete and inefficient systems that increase costs for no appreciable gains.
10. Pool Water Heaters (Section 1452): This proposed amendment requires minimum efficiencies for pool water heaters.
A small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW.
Proposed amendments to the following sections have been identified by the Energy Code TAG and the Economic and Regulatory Assessment Committee as having a cost impact on businesses required to comply with the rule. According to the definition established by the economic committee, these rules would impose a moderate first cost increase on businesses required to comply. A moderate cost is defined as greater than 1/4 of 1% but less than 1% of the total construction cost.
However, the increases do not represent a disproportionate cost to small business and if any additional first cost of construction is passed on to consumers, it will be completely offset by the consumer's energy savings.
Chapter 51-11 WAC, Tables 5-1, 6-1, and 6-2: For Group R (residential) construction, the proposed rule makes envelope U-factor improvements and simplifies the prescriptive path approach. Current estimates show 18% of homes in this category use tradeoffs to reduce wall insulation. Baseline window U-factors would prohibit use of aluminum framed windows under prescriptive compliance. Manufacturers of window products would be impacted since in most cases, the new window requirements will call for low-e coatings.
Chapter 51-11 WAC, Tables 14-1A through 14-1G: This proposed rule brings the mechanical equipment efficiency requirements up to the current national standard (ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1.1999). Since the national efficiencies will be effective before this code requirement would go into effect, any additional cost would not be attributed to the code. In any case, the increase in cost would be categorized as a minor cost. A minor cost is defined as less than/equal to 1/4 of 1% of the total construction cost.
A copy of the statement may be obtained by writing to Tim Nogler, Managing Director, Washington State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 48350, Olympia, WA 98504-8350, phone (360) 725-2969, fax (360) 586-9383.
RCW 34.05.328 does not apply to this rule adoption. The State Building Code Council is not listed in this section as one of the agencies required to comply with this regulation.
Hearing Location: Spokane City Council Chambers, West 808 Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA, on September 14, 2001, at 9:00 a.m.; and at the Auburn City Hall, 25 West Main Street, Auburn, WA, on October 12, 2001, at 1:00 p.m.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Patti Thorn by September 1, 2001, at (360) 725-2966, TDD (360) 753-2200.
Submit Written Comments to: Jim Lewis, Chairman, State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 48350, Olympia, WA 98504-8350, fax (360) 586-9383, by October 12, 2001.
Date of Intended Adoption: November 9, 2001.
July 13, 2001
Tim Nogler
for James M. Lewis
Council Chair
OTS-4961.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-0502
Building envelope requirements.
502.1 General:
502.1.1: The stated U- or F-factor of any component
assembly, listed in Table 5-1 or 5-2, such as roof/ceiling,
opaque wall or opaque floor may be increased and the U-factor for
other components decreased, provided that the total heat gain or
loss for the entire building envelope does not exceed the total
resulting from compliance to the U-factors specified in this
Section.
The U-factors for typical construction assemblies are
included in Chapter 10. These values shall be used for all
calculations. Where proposed construction assemblies are not
represented in Chapter 10, values shall be calculated in
accordance with Chapters 21-29 in Standard RS-1 listed in Chapter
7, using the framing factors listed in Chapter 10 where
applicable.
For envelope assemblies containing metal framing, the
U-factor shall be determined by one of the following methods:
1. Results of laboratory or field measurements.
2. Standard RS-25, listed in Chapter 7, where the metal
framing is bonded on one or both sides to a metal skin or
covering.
3. The zone method as provided in Chapter 24 of Standard
RS-1, listed in Chapter 7.
4. Results of parallel path correction factors effective
framing/cavity R-values as provided in Table 10-5A - EFFECTIVE
R-VALUES FOR METAL FRAMING AND CAVITY ONLY for metal stud walls and
roof/ceilings.
502.1.2: For consideration of thermal mass effects, see
section 402.4.
502.1.3: When return air ceiling plenums are employed, the
roof/ceiling assembly shall:
a. For thermal transmittance purposes, not include the
ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the assembly; and
b. For gross area purposes, be based upon the interior face
of the upper plenum surface.
502.1.4 Insulation:
502.1.4.1 General: All insulating materials shall comply
with sections 2602 and/or 707 of the Uniform Building Code. Substantial contact of the insulation with the surface being
insulated is required. All insulation materials shall be
installed according to the manufacturer's instructions to achieve
proper densities and maintain uniform R-values and shall be
installed in a manner which will permit inspection of the
manufacturer's R-value identification mark. To the maximum
extent possible, insulation shall extend over the full component
area to the intended R-value.
Alternatively, the thickness of roof/ceiling and wall insulation
that is either blown in or spray-applied shall be identified by
inches of thickness, density and R-value markers installed at
least one for every 300 square feet (28 m2) through the attic,
ceiling and/or wall space. In attics, the markers shall be
affixed to the trusses or joists and marked with the minimum
initial installed thickness and minimum settled thickness with
numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25 mm) in height. Each marker shall
face the attic access. The thickness of installed attic
insulation shall meet or exceed the minimum initial installed
thickness shown by the marker. In cathedral ceilings and walls,
the markers shall be affixed to the rafter and wall frame at
alternating high and low intervals and marked with the minimum
installed density and R-value with numbers a minimum 1.0 inch (25
mm) in height. Each marker shall face the conditioned room area.
502.1.4.2 Insulation Materials: All insulation materials
including facings such as vapor barriers or breather papers
installed within floor/ceiling assemblies, roof/ceiling
assemblies, walls, crawl spaces, or attics shall have a flame
spread rating of less than 25 and a smoke density not to exceed
450 when tested in accordance with UBC Standard 8-1.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with section 2602 of the Uniform Building Code.
2. When such materials are installed in concealed spaces of Types III, IV and V construction, the flame spread and
smoke developed limitations do not apply to facing, provided that the facing is installed in substantial contact with
the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
3. Cellulose insulation shall comply with section 707 of the Uniform Building Code.
502.1.4.3 Clearances: Where required, insulation shall be
installed with clearances according to manufacturer's
specifications. Insulation shall be installed so that required
ventilation is unobstructed. For blown or poured loose fill
insulation, clearances shall be maintained through installation
of a permanent retainer.
502.1.4.4 Access Hatches and Doors: Access doors from
conditioned spaces to unconditioned spaces (e.g., attics and
crawl spaces) shall be weatherstripped and insulated to a level
equivalent to the insulation on the surrounding surfaces. Access
shall be provided to all equipment which prevents damaging or
compressing the insulation. A wood framed or equivalent baffle
or retainer must be provided when loose fill insulation is
installed, the purpose of which is to prevent the loose fill
insulation from spilling into the living space when the attic
access is opened, and to provide a permanent means of maintaining
the installed R-value of the loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.5 Roof/Ceiling Insulation: Open-blown or poured
loose fill insulation may be used in attic spaces where the slope
of the ceiling is not more than 3 feet in 12 and there is at
least 30 inches of clear distance from the top of the bottom
chord of the truss or ceiling joist to the underside of the
sheathing at the roof ridge. When eave vents are installed,
baffling of the vent openings shall be provided so as to deflect
the incoming air above the surface of the insulation. Baffles
shall be, rigid material, resistant to wind driven moisture. Requirements for baffles for ceiling insulation shall meet the
Uniform Building Code section 1505.3 for minimum ventilation
requirements. When feasible, the baffles shall be installed from
the top of the outside of the exterior wall, extending inward, to
a point 6 inches vertically above the height of noncompressed
insulation, and 12 inches vertically above loose fill insulation.
502.1.4.6 Wall Insulation: Insulation installed in exterior
walls shall comply with the provisions of this section. All wall
insulation shall fill the entire framed cavity. Exterior wall
cavities isolated during framing shall be fully insulated to the
levels of the surrounding walls. All faced insulation shall be
face stapled to avoid compression.
502.1.4.7 Floor Insulation: Floor insulation shall be
installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with the
surface being insulated. Insulation supports shall be installed
so spacing is no more than 24 inches on center. Foundation vents
shall be placed so that the top of the vent is below the lower
surface of the floor insulation.
EXCEPTION:
Insulation may be omitted from floor areas over heated basements, heated garages or underfloor areas used as
HVAC supply plenums. See Uniform Mechanical Code section 607 for underfloor supply plenum requirements.
When foundation walls are insulated, the insulation shall be attached in a permanent manner. The insulation shall
not block the airflow through foundation vents when installed. When foundation vents are not placed so that the top
of the vent is below the lower surface of the floor insulation, a permanently attached baffle shall be installed at an
angle of 30 from horizontal, to divert air flow below the lower surface of the floor insulation.
502.1.4.8 Slab-On-Grade: Slab-on-grade insulation,
installed inside the foundation wall, shall extend downward from
the top of the slab for a minimum distance of 24 inches or
downward and then horizontally beneath the slab for a minimum
combined distance of 24 inches. Insulation installed outside the
foundation shall extend downward to a minimum of 24 inches or to
the frostline. Above grade insulation shall be protected.
EXCEPTION:
For monolithic slabs, the insulation shall extend downward from the top of the slab to the bottom of the footing.
502.1.4.9 Radiant Slabs: The entire area of a radiant slab
shall be thermally isolated from the soil, with a minimum of R-10
insulation. The insulation shall be an approved product for its
intended use. If a soil gas control system is present below the
radiant slab, which results in increased convective flow below
the radiant slab, the radiant slab shall be thermally isolated
from the sub-slab gravel layer.
502.1.4.10 Below Grade Walls: Below grade exterior wall
insulation used on the exterior (cold) side of the wall shall
extend from the top of the below grade wall to the top of the
footing and shall be approved for below grade use. Above grade
insulation shall be protected.
Insulation used on the interior (warm) side of the wall
shall extend from the top of the below grade wall to the below
grade floor level.
502.1.5 Glazing and Door U-factors: Glazing and door
U-factors shall be determined in accordance with sections
502.1.5.1 and 502.1.5.2. All products shall be labeled with the
NFRC certified or default U-factor. The labeled U-factor shall
be used in all calculations to determine compliance with this
Code. Sealed insulating glass shall conform to, or be in test
for, ASTM E-774-81 class A.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. For glazed wall systems, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing
U-factor requirement in (( |
| a. Double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e=0.10 maximum,
with 90% minimum argon gas fill, and a non-aluminum spacer (as defined in footnote 1 to Table 10-6B), and |
|
| b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood,
vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl. |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the (( |
|
| 2. For overhead glazing, assemblies with all of the following features are deemed to satisfy the overhead glazing
U-factor requirement in (( |
|
| a. Either, double glazing with a minimum 1/2 inch gap width, having a low-emissivity coating with e=0.20
maximum, with 90% minimum argon gas fill, or, triple glazed plastic domes, and |
|
| b. Frame that is thermal break aluminum (as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B), wood, aluminum clad wood,
vinyl, aluminum clad vinyl, or reinforced vinyl. |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the (( |
|
| 3. For solariums with a floor area which does not exceed 300 square feet, assemblies which comply with the
features listed in exception 2 are deemed to satisfy the vertical glazing and overhead glazing U-factor requirement in
(( |
|
| The only labeling requirement for products using this exception shall be a description of the product and a label
stating: "This product is deemed to satisfy the (( |
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Glazing products without NFRC ratings may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A for vertical glazing
and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
2. Units without NFRC ratings produced by a small business may be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6A
for garden windows, from Table 10-6B for other vertical glazing, and from Table 10-6E for overhead glazing.
502.1.5.2 Standard Procedure for Determination of Door
U-factors: All doors, including fire doors, shall be assigned
default U-factors from Table 10-6C.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. U-factors determined, certified and labeled in accordance with the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)
Product Certification Program (PCP), as authorized by an independent certification and inspection agency licensed
by the NFRC.
2. The default values for the opaque portions of doors shall be those listed in Table 10-6C, provided that the
U-factor listed for a door with a thermal break shall only be allowed if both the door and the frame have a thermal
break.
3. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be installed for
ornamental, security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be included in ((
either)) the
U-factor ((or glazing area)) calculation requirements, however glazing area shall be included in glazing area
calculations.
502.1.6 Moisture Control:
502.1.6.1 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarders shall be
installed on the warm side (in winter) of insulation as specified
in the following cases.
| EXCEPTION: | Vapor retarder installed with not more than 1/3 of the nominal R-value between it and the conditioned space. |
502.1.6.3 Roof/Ceilings: Roof/ceiling assemblies where the
ventilation space above the insulation is less than an average of
12 inches shall be provided with a vapor retarder. Faced batt
insulation where used as a vapor retarder shall be face stapled. Single rafter joist vaulted ceiling cavities shall be of
sufficient depth to allow a minimum one inch vented air space
above the insulation.
502.1.6.4: Vapor retarders shall not be required in
roof/ceiling assemblies where the ventilation space above the
insulation averages 12 inches or greater.
502.1.6.5: Vapor retarders shall not be required where all
of the insulation is installed between the roof membrane and the
structural roof deck.
502.1.6.6 Walls: Walls separating conditioned space from
unconditioned space shall have a vapor retarder installed. Faced
batt insulation shall be face stapled.
502.1.6.7 Ground Cover: A ground cover of six mil (0.006
inch thick) black polyethylene or approved equal shall be laid
over the ground within crawl spaces. The ground cover shall be
overlapped 12 inches minimum at the joints and shall extend to
the foundation wall.
| EXCEPTION: | The ground cover may be omitted in crawl spaces if the crawl space has a concrete slab floor with a minimum thickness of 3-1/2 inches. |
502.2.1 UA Calculations: The proposed UA as calculated
using Equations 2 and 3 shall not exceed the target UA as
calculated using Equation 1. For the purpose of determining
equivalent thermal performance, the glazing area for the target
UA shall be calculated using values in Table 5-1. The opaque
door area shall be the same in the target UA and the proposed UA.
| EXCEPTION: | Log and solid timber walls that have a minimum average thickness of 3.5" and with space heat type other than electric resistance, are exempt from wall target UA and proposed UA calculations. |
1. Electric Resistance: Space heating systems which include
baseboard units, radiant units and forced air units as either the
primary or secondary heating system.
| EXCEPTION: | Electric resistance systems for which the total electric heat capacity in each individual dwelling unit does not exceed the greater of: 1) One thousand watts (1000 w) per dwelling unit, or; 2) One watt per square foot (1 w/ft2) of the gross floor area. |
502.3 Reserved.
502.4 Air Leakage:
502.4.1 General: The requirements of this section shall
apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof, and
only to those locations separating outdoor ambient conditions
from interior spaces that are heated or mechanically cooled.
502.4.2 Doors and Windows, General: Exterior doors and
windows shall be designed to limit air leakage into or from the
building envelope. Site-constructed doors and windows shall be
sealed in accordance with Section 502.4.3.
502.4.3 Seals and Weatherstripping:
a. Exterior joints around windows and door frames, openings
between walls and foundation, between walls and roof and wall
panels; openings at penetrations of utility services through
walls, floors and roofs; and all other openings in the building
envelope for all occupancies and all other openings in between
units in R-1 occupancy shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed or
weatherstripped to limit air leakage. Other exterior joints and
seams shall be similarly treated, or taped, or covered with
moisture vapor permeable housewrap.
b. All exterior doors or doors serving as access to an
enclosed unheated area shall be weatherstripped to limit leakage
around their perimeter when in a closed position.
c. Site built windows are exempt from testing but shall be
made tight fitting. Fixed lights shall have glass retained by
stops with sealant or caulking all around. Operating sash shall
have weatherstripping working against overlapping trim and a
closer/latch which will hold the sash closed. The window frame
to framing crack shall be made tight with caulking, overlapping
membrane or other approved technique.
d. Openings that are required to be fire resistive are
exempt from this section.
502.4.4 Recessed Lighting Fixtures: When installed in the
building envelope, recessed lighting fixtures shall meet one of
the following requirements:
1. Type IC rated, manufactured with no penetrations between
the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity and sealed
or gasketed to prevent air leakage into the unconditioned space.
2. Type IC rated, installed inside a sealed box constructed
from a minimum 1/2 inch thick gypsum wall board, or constructed
from a preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or other air tight
assembly manufactured for this purpose.
3. Type IC rated, certified under ASTM E283 to have no more
than 2.0 cfm air movement from the conditioned space to the
ceiling cavity. The lighting fixture shall be tested at 75
Pascals or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and have a label
attached, showing compliance.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0502, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0502, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0502, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0502, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0502, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-0503
Building mechanical systems.
503.1 General: This section covers the determination of design requirements, system and component performance, control requirements, insulating systems and duct construction.
503.2 Calculations of Heating and Cooling Loads, and System
Sizing Limits: The design parameters specified in Chapter 3
shall apply for all computations.
503.2.1 Calculation Procedures: Heating and cooling design
loads for the purpose of sizing HVAC systems are required and
shall be calculated in accordance with accepted engineering
practice, including infiltration and ventilation.
503.2.2 Space Heating and Space Cooling System Sizing
Limits: Building mechanical systems for all buildings which
provide space heating and/or space cooling shall be sized no
greater than two hundred percent (200%) of the heating and
cooling design loads as calculated above.
EXCEPTIONS:
The following limited exemptions from the sizing limit shall be allowed; however, in all cases heating and/or
cooling design load calculations shall be submitted.
1. For equipment which provides both heating and cooling in one package unit, including heat pumps with electric
heating and cooling and gas-pack units with gas heating and electric cooling, compliance need only be demonstrated
for either the space heating or space cooling system size.
2. Natural gas- or oil-fired space heating equipment whose total rated space heating output in any one dwelling unit
is
a. 40,000 Btu/h or less is exempt from the sizing limit,
b. larger than 40,000 Btu/h may exceed the two hundred (200%) percent sizing limit provided that the installed
equipment has an annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) of not less than ninety (90%) percent.
3. Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and other devices are provided which allow redundant equipment
to operate only when the primary equipment is not operating.
503.3 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling: Systems and
equipment that provide simultaneous heating and cooling shall
comply with the requirements in, as appropriate, Section 1422 or
Section 1435.
503.4 HVAC Equipment Performance Requirements: All heating
equipment shall meet the requirements of the 1987 National
Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) and be so labeled.
Equipment shall also comply with Section 1411.
((503.4.1 Equipment Components:
503.4.1.1: The requirements of this section apply to
equipment and mechanical component performance for heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning systems. Equipment efficiency
levels are specified. Data furnished by the equipment supplier
or certified under a nationally recognized certification program
or rating procedure shall be used to satisfy these requirements. Equipment efficiencies shall be based on the standard rating
conditions in Tables 5-4, 5-5 or 5-6 as appropriate.
503.4.1.2: Where components from more than one manufacturer
are assembled into systems regulated under this section,
compliance for each component shall be as specified in sections
503.4.2 through 503.4.6 of this Code.
503.4.2: HVAC System Heating Equipment Heat Pump-heating
Mode. Heat pumps whose energy input is entirely electric shall
have a coefficient of performance (COP) heating, not less than
the values in Table 5-7. Heat Pumps with supplementary backup
heat other than electricity shall meet the requirements of Table
5-7.
503.4.2.1: These requirements apply to, but are not limited
to, unitary (central) heat pumps (air source and water source) in
the heating mode, water source (hydronic) heat pumps as used in
multiple-unit hydronic HVAC systems, and heat pumps in the
packaged terminal air-conditioner in the heating mode.
503.4.2.3 Supplementary Heater: The heat pump shall be
installed with a control to prevent supplementary backup heater
operation when the operating load can be met by the heat pump
compression cycle alone.
503.4.2.4 Heat Pump Controls: Requirements for heat pump
controls are listed in section 503.8.3.5 of this Code.
503.4.3 HVAC System Combustion Equipment: For Group R
Occupancy, all gas, oil, and propane central heating systems
shall have a minimum AFUE of 0.78*. All other Group R Occupancy
heating equipment fueled by gas, oil, or propane shall be
equipped with an intermittent ignition device, or shall comply
with the efficiencies as required in the 1987 National Appliances
Energy Conservation Act (Public Law 100-12).
*HVAC Heating system efficiency trade-offs shall be made
using Chapters 4 or 6 of this Code.
503.4.4 Packaged and Unitary HVAC System Equipment,
Electrically Operated, Cooling Mode: HVAC system equipment as
listed below, whose energy input in the cooling mode is entirely
electric, shall have an energy efficiency ratio (EER) or a
seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER) cooling not less than
values in Table 5-8.
503.4.4.1: These requirements apply to, but are not limited
to, unitary (central) and packaged terminal heat pumps (air
source and water source); packaged terminal air conditioners.
503.4.5 Other HVAC Equipment: HVAC equipment, other than
that addressed in Sections 503.4.2 through 503.4.4, shall have a
minimum performance at the specified rating conditions not less
than the values shown in Tables 14-1 through 14-3.))
503.5 Reserved.
503.6 Balancing: The HVAC system design shall provide a
means for balancing air and water systems. Balancing the system
shall include, but not be limited to, dampers, temperature and
pressure test connections and balancing valves.
503.7 Cooling with Outdoor Air (Economizer Cycle): Systems
and equipment that provide mechanical cooling shall comply with
Section 1413 and, as appropriate, Section 1423 or 1433.
503.8 Controls:
503.8.1 Temperature Control: Each system shall be provided
with at least one adjustable thermostat for the regulation of
temperature. Each thermostat shall be capable of being set by
adjustment or selection of sensors as follows:
503.8.1.1: When used to control heating only: Fifty-five
degrees to seventy-five degrees F.
503.8.1.2: When used to control cooling only: Seventy
degrees to eighty-five degrees F.
503.8.1.3: When used to control both heating and cooling,
it shall be capable of being set from fifty-five degrees to
eighty-five degrees F and shall be capable of operating the
system heating and cooling in sequence. The thermostat and/or
control system shall have an adjustable deadband of not less than
ten degrees F.
503.8.2 Humidity Control: If a system is equipped with a
means for adding moisture to maintain specific selected relative
humidities in space or zones, a humidistat shall be provided. Humidistats shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy
from being used to produce space-relative humidity above thirty
percent.
EXCEPTION:
Special uses requiring different relative humidities may be permitted when approved by the building official.
503.8.3 Zoning for Temperature Control:
503.8.3.1 One- and Two-Family Dwellings: At least one
thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall be provided
for each separate system. In addition, a readily accessible
manual or automatic means shall be provided to partially restrict
or shut off the heating and/or cooling input to each zone or
floor.
503.8.3.2 Multifamily Dwellings: For multifamily dwellings,
each individual dwelling unit shall have at least one thermostat
for regulation of space temperature. A readily accessible manual
or automatic means shall be provided to partially restrict or
shut off the heating and/or cooling input to each room. Spaces
other than living units shall meet the requirements of 503.8.3.3.
503.8.3.3 Reserved.
503.8.3.4 Control Setback and Shut-off:
Residential Occupancy Groups. One- and Two-Family and
Multifamily dwellings -- The thermostat required in section
503.8.3.1 or section 503.8.3.2, or an alternate means such as a
switch or clock, shall provide a readily accessible, manual or
automatic means for reducing the energy required for heating and
cooling during the periods of non-use or reduced need, such as,
but not limited to unoccupied periods and sleeping hours. Lowering thermostat set points to reduce energy consumption of
heating systems shall not cause energy to be expended to reach
the reduced setting.
503.8.3.5 Heat Pump Controls: Programmable thermostats are
required for all heat pump systems. The cut-on temperature for
the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-on
temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher than the
cut-off temperature for the supplementary heat. Heat pump
thermostats will be capable of providing at least two
programmable setback periods per day. The automatic setback
thermostat shall have the capability of limiting the use of
supplemental heat during the warm-up period.
503.9 Air Handling Duct System Insulation: Ducts, plenums
and enclosures installed in or on buildings shall be thermally
insulated per Table 5-11.
EXCEPTIONS:
Duct insulation (except where required to prevent condensation) is not required in any of the following cases:
1. When the heat gain or loss of the ducts, without insulation, will not increase the energy requirements of the
building.
2. Within the HVAC equipment.
3. Exhaust air ducts.
4. Supply or return air ducts installed in unvented crawl spaces with insulated walls, basements, or cellars in
one-and two-family dwellings.
503.10 Duct Construction: All duct work shall be
constructed in accordance with Standards RS-15, RS-16, RS-17,
RS-18, RS-19 or RS-20, as applicable, and the Uniform Mechanical
Code.
503.10.1 Leakage Testing: High-pressure and medium-pressure
ducts shall be leak tested in accordance with the applicable
standards in Chapter 7 of this Code with the rate of air leakage
not to exceed the maximum rate specified in that standard.
503.10.2 Seams and Joints: All low-pressure supply and
return, including enclosed stud bays or joist cavities/space used
to transport air, shall be securely fastened and sealed with
welds, gaskets, mastics (adhesives), mastic-plus-embedded-fabric
systems or tapes installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
installation instructions. Tapes and mastics used with rigid
fibrous glass ducts shall be listed and labeled in accordance
with UL 181A. Tapes and mastics used with flexible air ducts
shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 181B. Duct
tape is not permitted as a sealant on any ducts.
| EXCEPTION: | Ducts or building cavities used for air distribution that are located entirely within the conditioned space of the building are exempt from this section. |
503.10.4 Duct Insulation: Ducts shall meet the insulation
requirements specified in Table 5-11.
503.11 Pipe Insulation: All piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 5-12.
EXCEPTION:
Piping installed within unitary HVAC equipment.
Cold water pipes outside the conditioned space shall be insulated
in accordance with the Washington State Plumbing Code (chapter 51-46 WAC).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0503, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020, 19.27A.045, and 19.27.020. 98-24-075, 51-11-0503, filed 12/1/98, effective 7/1/99. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, 51-11-0503, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-0503, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0503, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
TABLE 5-1
TARGET COMPONENT VALUES FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
| (( |
(( |
|||
| Climate Zone | ||||
| Component | 1 | 2 | ||
| Glazing % Floor Area | 15% | 15% | ||
| Vertical Glazing U-Factor | U = 0.400 | U = 0.400 | ||
| Overhead Glazing U-Factor | U = 0. 58 | U = 0. 58 | ||
| Doors | U = 0.200 (R-5) |
U = 0.200 (R-5) |
(R-2.5) |
(R-2.5) |
| Ceilings Attic Single Rafter/ Joist Vaulted |
U = 0.031 (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30) |
U = 0.031 (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30) |
U = 0.036 (R-30) U = 0.034 (R-30) |
U = 0.031 (R-38) U = 0.034 (R-30) |
| Walls2 | U = 0.058 (R-19A) |
U = 0.044 (R-19+5A) |
(R-19) |
(R-19) |
| Floors | U = 0.029 (R-30) |
U = 0.029 (R-30) |
(R-19) |
(R-30) |
| Slab on Grade Slab R-Value |
F = 0.54 (R-10) |
F = 0.54 (R-10) |
(R-10) |
(R-10) |
| Below Grade Interior | ||||
| Wall R-Value | R-19 | R-19 | ||
| 2' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.043 F = 0.69 |
U = 0.043 F = 0.69 |
F = 0.69 |
F = 0.69 |
| 3.5' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.041 F = 0.64 |
U = 0.041 F = 0.64 |
F = 0.64 |
F = 0.64 |
| 7' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.037 F = 0.57 |
U = 0.037 F = 0.57 |
F = 0.57 |
F = 0.57 |
| Below Grade Exterior | ||||
| Wall R-Value | R-10 | R-12 | ||
| 2' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.070 F = 0.60 |
U = 0.061 F = 0.60 |
F = 0.60 |
F = 0.60 |
| 3.5' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.064 F = 0.57 |
U = 0.057 F = 0.57 |
F = 0.57 |
F = 0.57 |
| 7' Depth: Walls Slab |
U = 0.056 F = 0.42 |
U = 0.050 F = 0.42 |
F = 0.42 |
F = 0.42)) |
2. "A" means advanced framing. For more information, see Section 1005.2.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0530, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0530, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0530, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0530, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
((HVAC SYSTEM HEATING EQUIPMENT (HEAT PUMPS)
ELECTRICALLY OPERATED STANDARD RATING CONDITIONS
|
|
47F (dry bulb) /43F (wet bulb) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
17F (dry bulb) /15F (wet bulb) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
- - - - - - - - - - - - 60F As used in cooling |
||
(( |
||||||
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0533, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
| ((
|
|||||
|
|
95 ---- |
75 ---- |
---- 85 |
---- 95 |
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0534, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
|
|
||
(( |
|||
(air/evap. cooled) |
/75F (wet bulb) |
||
discharge temperature |
|||
(evap. cooled) |
|||
Standard ratings at sea level. |
|||
| * hr ft2 F/Btu)) | |||
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0535, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
Table 5-4. |
||
| 4 @ 50F entering)) | ||
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0536, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
COOLED |
WATER COOLED |
||
RATING CAPACITY |
|||
Under 65,000 Btu/hr. ( 19,050 watts ) |
|||
65,000 Btu/hr. and over |
|||
| 3 Prior to January 1, 1993 a minimum value of 8.0 SEER may be used.)) | |||
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0537, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
601.1 General: This chapter establishes design criteria in
terms of prescribed requirements for building construction.
The provisions of this chapter are applicable to all Group R
Occupancies. Occupancies shall comply with all the requirements
of Chapter 5 except for the modifications herein specified.
For wood frame assemblies, the building envelope
requirements of this chapter may be met by installing one of the
prescriptive packages in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2. Installed components shall meet the requirements of section 602. Compliance with nominal R-Values shall be demonstrated for the
thermal resistance of the added insulation in framing cavities
and/or insulated sheathing only and shall not include the thermal
transmittance of other building materials or air films, but shall
permit interruption by occasional framing members. Other than
wood frame assemblies with continuous insulation uninterrupted by
framing shall also be allowed to comply with nominal R-values.
For metal frame assemblies, compliance shall be demonstrated
in accordance with Chapter 4 or Chapter 5 based on the assemblies
in Chapter 10. Compliance with nominal R-values is not allowed,
unless the full nominal R-value of the insulation is installed
either inside or outside of the framing and is uninterrupted by
framing.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0601, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0601, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0601, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
602.1 Roof/Ceiling: Ceilings below vented attics and
single-rafter, joist-vaulted ceilings shall be insulated to not
less than the nominal R-value specified for ceilings in ((Tables
6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
602.2 Exterior Walls Both Above and Below Grade: Above
grade exterior walls shall be insulated to not less than the
nominal R-value specified in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or
6-2 as applicable. The following walls should be considered to
meet R-19 without additional documentation:
1. 2 x 6 framed and insulated with R-19 fiberglass batts.
2. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-13 fiberglass batts
plus R-3.2 foam sheathing.
3. 2 x 4 framed and insulated with R-11 fiberglass batts
plus R-5.0 foam sheathing.
602.3 Exterior Walls (Below Grade): Below grade exterior
walls surrounding conditioned space shall be insulated to not
less than the nominal R-value specified for below grade walls in
((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable.
602.4 Slab-on-grade Floors: Slab-on-grade floors shall be
insulated along their perimeter to not less than the nominal
R-values specified for slab-on-grade floors in ((Tables 6-1 to
6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2 as applicable. Slab insulation shall be
installed in compliance with section 502.1.4.8. See Chapter 5,
section 502.1.4.9, for additional requirements for radiant slab
heating.
602.5 Floors Over Unconditioned Space: Floors over
unconditioned spaces, such as vented crawl spaces, unconditioned
basements, and parking garages shall be insulated to not less
than the nominal R-value shown for floors over unconditioned
spaces, in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2.
602.6 Exterior Doors: Doors shall comply with Sections
602.6.1 and 602.6.2.
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Doors whose area and U-factor are included in the calculations for compliance with the requirements for glazing in section
602.7 shall be exempt from the door U-factor requirements prescribed in (( |
| 2. One unlabeled or untested exterior swinging door with the maximum area of 24 square feet may be installed for ornamental,
security or architectural purposes. Products using this exception shall not be included in either the U-factor or glazing area
calculation requirements. |
602.6.2 Exterior Door U-Factor: Doors, including fire
doors, shall have a maximum area weighted average U-factor not
exceeding that prescribed in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or
6-2.
602.7 Glazing:
602.7.1 Glazing Area: The total glazing area as defined in
Chapter 2 shall not exceed the percentage of gross conditioned
floor area specified in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2. This area shall also include any glazing in doors.
602.7.2 Glazing U-Factor: The total glazing area as defined
in Chapter 2 shall have an area weighted average U-factor not to
exceed that specified in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2. U-factors for glazing shall be determined in accordance with
section 502.1.5. These areas and U-factors shall also include
any doors using the exception of section 602.6.
If the U-factors for all vertical and overhead glazing
products are below the appropriate U-factor specified, then no
calculations are required. If compliance is to be achieved
through an area weighted calculation, then the areas and
U-factors shall be included in the plans submitted with a
building permit application.
EXCEPTION:
Single glazing for ornamental, security, or architectural purposes and double glazed garden windows with a wood
or vinyl frame shall be exempt from the U-factor calculations but shall have its area ((
doubled)) tripled and shall be
included in the percentage of the total glazing area as allowed for in ((Tables 6-1 to 6-6)) Table 6-1 or 6-2. The
maximum area (before ((doubling)) tripling) allowed for the total of all single glazing and garden windows is one
percent of the floor area.
602.8 Air Leakage For Group R Occupancy: The minimum air
leakage control measures shall be as specified in section 502.4
as applicable.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, 51-11-0602, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0602, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0602, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
603.1: Group R Occupancies that are space heated by
air-to-air, ground-to-air, or water-to-air heat pumps shall
comply with ((Table 6-2 or 6-4 or 6-6 for other fuels)) Table 6-1
or 6-2. System sizing shall be determined by an analysis
consistent with section 503.2 of this Code, or, when approved by
the building official, Chapter 9. All mechanical equipment
efficiencies and service water heating system efficiencies shall
comply with standards as stated in sections 503 and 504 of this
Code.
[Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0603, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0603, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
((TABLE 6-1
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS1 **FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 1 HEATING BY ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
% of Floor |
U- Factor |
on Grade |
|||||||||
+R-58 |
|||||||||||
+R-58 |
|||||||||||
OPTION 1:
TABLE 6-1
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 1
| Option | Glazing
Area10: % of Floor |
Glazing U-Factor | Door9 U- Factor |
Ceiling2 | Vaulted Ceiling3 | Wall12 Above Grade | Wall int4 Below Grade | Wall ext4 Below Grade | Floor5 | Slab6 on Grade |
|
| Vertical | Overhead11 | ||||||||||
| I. | 12% | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-15 | R-15 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| II.* | 15% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 | R-21 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| III. | Unlimited Group R-3 Occupancy only | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 | R-21 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| * | Reference Case |
TABLE 6-2
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 2
| Option | Glazing
Area10: % of Floor |
Glazing U-Factor | Door9 U- Factor |
Ceiling2 | Vaulted Ceiling3 | Wall12 Above Grade | Wall int4 Below Grade | Wall ext4 Below Grade | Floor5 | Slab6 on Grade |
|
| Vertical | Overhead11 | ||||||||||
| I. | 10% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 Int7 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| II.* | 15% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-19+R-58 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| III. | 17% | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-19 +R-58 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| IV. | Unlimited Group R-3 Occupancy only | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 Int7 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| * | Reference Case |
| 0. | Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1. |
| 1. | Minimum requirements for each option listed. For example, if a proposed design has a glazing ratio to the conditioned floor area of 13%, it shall comply with all of the requirements of the 15% glazing option (or higher). Proposed designs which cannot meet the specific requirements of a listed option above may calculate compliance by Chapters 4 or 5 of this Code. |
| 2. | Requirement applies to all ceilings except single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings. 'Adv' denotes Advanced Framed Ceiling. |
| 3. | Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings. |
| 4. | Below grade walls shall be insulated either on the exterior to a minimum level of R-10, or on the interior to the same level as walls above grade. Exterior insulation installed on below grade walls shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.2. |
| 5. | Floors over crawl spaces or exposed to ambient air conditions. |
| 6. | Required slab perimeter insulation shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.4. |
| 7. | Int. denotes standard framing 16 inches on center with headers insulated with a minimum of R-5 insulation. |
| 8. | This wall insulation requirement denotes R-19 wall cavity insulation plus R-5 foam sheathing. |
| 9. | Doors, including all fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C. |
| 10. | Where a maximum glazing area is listed, the total glazing area (combined vertical plus overhead) as a percent of gross conditioned floor area shall be less than or equal to that value. Overhead glazing with U-factor of U=0.40 or less is not included in glazing area limitations. |
| 11. | Overhead glazing shall have U-factors determined in accordance with NFRC 100 or as specified in Section 502.1.5. |
| 12. | Log and solid timber walls with a minimum average thickness of 3.5" are exempt from this insulation requirement. |
OPTION 2:
TABLE 6-1
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 1
| Option | Glazing
Area10: % of Floor |
Glazing U-Factor | Door9 U- Factor |
Ceiling2 | Vaulted Ceiling3 | Wall12 Above Grade | Wall int4 Below Grade | Wall ext4 Below Grade | Floor5 | Slab6 on Grade |
|
| Vertical | Overhead11 | ||||||||||
| I. | 12% | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-13 | R-19 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| II.* | 15% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 | R-21 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| III. | Unlimited Group R-3 Occupancy only |
0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 | R-21 | R-10 | R-30 | R-10 |
| * | Reference Case |
TABLE 6-2
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS0,1 FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 2
| Option | Glazing
Area10: % of Floor |
Glazing U-Factor | Door9 U- Factor |
Ceiling2 | Vaulted Ceiling3 | Wall12 Above Grade | Wall int4 Below Grade | Wall ext4 Below Grade | Floor5 | Slab6 on Grade |
|
| Vertical | Overhead11 | ||||||||||
| I. | 10% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 Int7 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| II.* | 15% | 0.40 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-19+R-58 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| III. | 17% | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-19+R-58 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| IV. | Unlimited Group R-3 Occupancy only | 0.35 | 0.58 | 0.20 | R-38 | R-30 | R-21 Int7 | R-21 | R-12 | R-30 | R-10 |
| * | Reference Case |
| 0. | Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1. |
| 1. | Minimum requirements for each option listed. For example, if a proposed design has a glazing ratio to the conditioned floor area of 13%, it shall comply with all of the requirements of the 15% glazing option (or higher). Proposed designs which cannot meet the specific requirements of a listed option above may calculate compliance by Chapters 4 or 5 of this Code. |
| 2. | Requirement applies to all ceilings except single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings. 'Adv' denotes Advanced Framed Ceiling. |
| 3. | Requirement applicable only to single rafter or joist vaulted ceilings. |
| 4. | Below grade walls shall be insulated either on the exterior to a minimum level of R-10, or on the interior to the same level as walls above grade. Exterior insulation installed on below grade walls shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to the manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.2. |
| 5. | Floors over crawl spaces or exposed to ambient air conditions. |
| 6. | Required slab perimeter insulation shall be a water resistant material, manufactured for its intended use, and installed according to manufacturer's specifications. See Section 602.4. |
| 7. | Int. denotes standard framing 16 inches on center with headers insulated with a minimum of R-5 insulation. |
| 8. | This wall insulation requirement denotes R-19 wall cavity insulation plus R-5 foam sheathing. |
| 9. | Doors, including all fire doors, shall be assigned default U-factors from Table 10-6C. |
| 10. | Where a maximum glazing area is listed, the total glazing area (combined vertical plus overhead) as a percent of gross conditioned floor area shall be less than or equal to that value. Overhead glazing with U-factor of U=0.40 or less is not included in glazing area limitations. |
| 11. | Overhead glazing shall have U-factors determined in accordance with NFRC 100 or as specified in Section 502.1.5. |
| 12. | Log and solid timber walls with a minimum average thickness of 3.5" are exempt from this insulation requirement. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0625, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0625, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0625, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0625, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0625, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
((TABLE 6-2
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS1 **FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 1 HEATING BY OTHER FUELS
Equip. Effic. |
Area11: % of Floor |
U-Factor |
Ceiling3 |
Above Grade |
int4 Below Grade |
ext4 Below Grade |
on Grade |
|||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0626, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0626, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0626, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0626, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0626, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
((TABLE 6-3
PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS1 **FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
CLIMATE ZONE 2 HEATING BY ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
% of Floor |
U- Factor |
Ceiling3 |
Above Grade |
int4 Below Grade |
ext4 Below Grade |
on Grade |
|||||
head12 |
|||||||||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0627, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0627, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0627, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0627, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0627, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
% of Floor |
int4 Below Grade |
ext4 Below Grade |
on Grade |
|||||||||
** Nominal R-values are for wood frame assemblies only or assemblies built in accordance with Section 601.1.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0628, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0628, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0628, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0628, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0628, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
((TABLE 6-5
LOG HOMES PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS1
HEATING BY ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
Log Thickness |
% of Floor |
U-Factor |
Ceiling |
on Grade |
|||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, 51-11-0629, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0629, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0629, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0629, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
((TABLE 6-6
LOG HOMES PRESCRIPTIVE REQUIREMENTS1**
HEATING BY OTHER FUELS
Effic. |
% of Floor |
U- Factor |
Ceiling3 |
Above Grade |
int4 Below Grade |
ext4 Below Grade |
on Grade |
|||||
ical |
head13 |
|||||||||||
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-0630, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-0630, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0630, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-0630, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: Chapter 19.27A RCW. 92-01-140, 51-11-0630, filed 12/19/91, effective 7/1/92.]
| Climate Zone 1 | 20 Btu/hft2 |
| 27 Btu/hft2)) | |
Climate Zone 2 |
25 Btu/hft2 |
| 39 Btu/hft2)) |
Example: A ((1500)) 2000 ft2 house in Zone ((1)) 2, heated
with gas, would not have to submit a design heat load if the
proposed furnace is ((40,500)) 50,000 Btu or less.
Disclaimer: All heating systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Uniform Building Code Section 310.11.
[Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27 and 19.27A RCW and 1994 c 226. 95-01-126, 51-11-0900, filed 12/21/94, effective 6/30/95. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-0900, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
1006.1 Glazing and Doors without NFRC Certification:
Glazing and doors that do not have NFRC certification shall be
assigned the following U-factors:
TABLE 10-6
Other than Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT
U-FACTORS FOR VERTICAL GLAZING,
OVERHEAD GLAZING AND OPAQUE DOORS
| Vertical Glazing | ||
| U-Factor | ||
| Any Frame | Vinyl/Wood Frame |
|
| Single | 1.45 | 1.45 |
| Double | 0.90 | 0.75 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Fixed | 0.75 | 0.60 |
| 1/2 Inch Air, Low-e(0.40), Fixed |
0.60 | 0.50 |
| 1/2 Inch Argon, Low-e(0.10), Fixed |
0.50 | 0.40 |
| Overhead Glazing | ||
| U-Factor | ||
| Any Frame | Vinyl/Wood Frame |
|
| Single | 2.15 | 2.15 |
| Double | 1.45 | 1.00 |
| Low-e(0.40) or Argon | 1.40 | 0.95 |
| Low-e(0.40)+ Argon | 1.30 | 0.85 |
| Low-e(0.20) Air | 1.30 | 0.90 |
| Low-e(0.20)+ Argon | 1.25 | 0.80 |
| Triple | 1.25 | 0.80 |
| Opaque Doors | |
| U-Factor | |
| Uninsulated Metal | 1.20 |
| Insulated Metal (Including Fire Door and Smoke Vent) | 0.60 |
| Wood | 0.50 |
Where a gap width is listed (i.e.: 1/2 inch), that is the minimum allowed.
Where a low-emissivity emittance is listed (i.e.: 0.40, 0.20, 0.10), that is the maximum allowed.
Where a gas other than air is listed (i.e.: Argon), the gas fill shall be a minimum of 90%.
Where an operator type is listed (i.e.: Fixed), the default is only allowed for that operator type.
Where a frame type is listed (i.e.: Wood/vinyl), the default is only allowed for that frame type. Wood/vinyl frame includes reinforced vinyl and aluminum-clad wood.
| Description1,2,3,4 | Frame Type5,6 | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum Thermal Break7 |
Wood/Vinyl | |||
| Windows | Single | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 | |
| Double, < 1/2" | Clear | 0.92 | 0.75 | 0.63 | |
| Clear+ Argon | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.60 | ||
| Low-e | 0.85 | 0.69 | 0.58 | ||
| Low-e+Argon | 0.79 | 0.62 | 0.53 | ||
| Double, > 1/2" | Clear | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.58 | |
| Clear+ Argon | 0.83 | 0.67 | 0.55 | ||
| Low-e | 0.78 | 0.61 | 0.51 | ||
| Low-e+Argon | 0.75 | 0.58 | 0.48 | ||
| Triple, | Clear | 0.70 | 0.53 | 0.43 | |
| Clear+ Argon | 0.69 | 0.52 | 0.41 | ||
| Low-e | 0.67 | 0.49 | 0.40 | ||
| Low-e+Argon | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.37 | ||
| Garden | Single | 2.60 | n.a. | 2.31 | |
| Windows | Double | Clear | 1.81 | n.a. | 1.61 |
| Clear+ Argon | 1.76 | n.a. | 1.56 | ||
| Low-e | 1.73 | n.a. | 1.54 | ||
| Low-e+Argon | 1.64 | n.a. | 1.47 | ||
| 1 | <1/2"= a minimum dead air space of less than 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. | |
| > 1/2"= a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches or greater between the panes of glass. | ||
| Where no gap width is listed, the minimum gap width is 1/4". | ||
| 2 | Any low-e (emissivity) coating (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4). | |
| 3 | U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, C02, SF6, argon/SF6 mixtures and Krypton. | |
| 4 | "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51. | |
| 5 | Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors. | |
| 6 | Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for wood/vinyl windows. | |
| 7 | Aluminum Thermal Break= An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following minimum design characteristics: | |
| a) | The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/F; | |
| b) | The thermal break material must produces a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and, | |
| c) | All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. | |
| FRAME TYPE7,8 | ||||
| DESCRIPTION2,3,4,(( |
ALUMINUM | ALUM. THERMAL BREAK9 |
WOOD/VINYL | ALUM. CLAD WOOD/REINFORCED VINYL10 |
| Double, Clear 1/4" | 0.82 | 0.66 | 0.56 | 0.59 |
| Double, Clear 1/4"+ argon | 0.77 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.56 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/4" | 0.76 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.54 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/4" | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/4" | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/4"+ argon | 0.70 | 0.55 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/4"+ argon | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/4"+ argon | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.41 | 0.43 |
| Double, Clear 3/8" | 0.78 | 0.63 | 0.54 | 0.57 |
| Double, Clear 3/8"+ argon | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.54 |
| Double, Low-e4 3/8" | 0.72 | 0.57 | 0.48 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e2 3/8" | 0.69 | 0.54 | 0.45 | 0.48 |
| Double, Low-e1 3/8" | 0.66 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.46 |
| Double, Low-e4 3/8"+ argon | 0.68 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
| Double, Low-e2 3/8"+ argon | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.41 | 0.44 |
| Double, Low-e1 3/8"+ argon | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
| Double, Clear 1/2" | 0.75 | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| Double, Clear 1/2"+ argon | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.51 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/2" | 0.68 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.47 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/2" | 0.64 | 0.50 | (( |
0.44 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/2" | 0.61 | 0.47 | (( |
0.42 |
| Double, Low-e4 1/2"+ argon | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| Double, Low-e2 1/2"+ argon | 0.60 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
| Double, Low-e1 1/2"+ argon | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.38 |
| Triple, Clear 1/4" | 0.66 | 0.52 | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| Triple, Clear 1/4"+ argon | 0.63 | 0.49 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/4" | 0.64 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/4" | 0.62 | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.41 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/4" | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.38 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/4"+ argon | 0.60 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.39 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/4"+ argon | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
| Triple, Low-el 1/4" + argon | 0.57 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.36 |
| Triple, Clear 1/2" | 0.61 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.40 |
| Triple, Clear 1/2"+ argon | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 0.38 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/2" | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.37 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/2" | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/2" | 0.54 | 0.39 | 0.31 | 0.33 |
| Triple, Low-e4 1/2"+ argon | 0.55 | 0.41 | 0.32 | 0.35 |
| Triple, Low-e2 1/2"+ argon | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.32 |
| Triple, Low-e1 1/2"+ argon | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.31 |
Footnotes to Table 10-6B
| 1 | Subtract 0.02 from the listed default U-factor for non-aluminum spacer. Acceptable spacer materials may
include but is not limited to fiberglass, wood and butyl or other material with an equivalent thermal
performance. |
| 2 | 1/4"= a minimum dead air space of 0.25 inches between the panes of glass. 3/8"= a minimum dead air space of 0.375 inches between the panes of glass. 1/2"= a minimum dead air space of 0.5 inches between the panes of glass. Product with air spaces different than those listed above shall use the value for the next smaller air space;
i.e. 3/4 inch= 1/2 inch U-factors, 7/16 inch= 3/8 inch U-factors, 5/16 inch= 1/4 inch U-factors. |
| 3 | Low-e4 (emissivity) shall be 0.4 or less. Low-e2 (emissivity) shall be 0.2 or less. Low-e1 (emissivity) shall be 0.1 or less. |
| 4 | U-factors listed for argon shall consist of sealed, gas-filled insulated units for argon, CO2, SF6, and
argon/SF6 mixtures. The following conversion factor shall apply to Krypton gas-filled units: 1/4" or
greater with krypton is equivalent to 1/2" argon. |
| 5 | (( |
| 6 | "Glass block” assemblies may use a U-factor of 0.51. |
| 7 | Insulated fiberglass framed products shall use wood/vinyl U-factors. |
| 8 | Subtract 0.02 from the listed default values for solariums. |
| 9 | Aluminum Thermal Break= An aluminum thermal break framed window shall incorporate the following
minimum design characteristics: |
| a) | The thermal conductivity of the thermal break material shall be not more than 3.6 Btu-in/h/ft2/F; |
| b) | The thermal break material must produce a gap in the frame material of not less than 0.210 inches; and, |
| c) | All metal framing members of the products exposed to interior and exterior air shall incorporate a thermal break meeting the criteria in a) and b) above. |
| 10 | Aluminum clad wood windows shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl windows. Vinyl clad wood window shall use the U-factors listed for Wood/Vinyl windows. Any vinyl frame window with metal reinforcement in more than one rail shall use the U-factors listed for Aluminum Clad Wood/Reinforced Vinyl window. |
TABLE 10-6C
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR DOORS
| Door Type | No Glazing | Single Glazing | Double Glazing with 1/4 in. Airspace | Double Glazing with 1/2 in. Airspace | Double Glazing with e=0.10, 1/2 in. Argon |
| SWINGING DOORS (Rough opening - 38 in. x 82 in.) | |||||
| Slab Doors | |||||
| Wood slab in wood framea | 0.46 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.44 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.42 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.69 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Insulated steel slab with wood edge in wood framea | 0.16 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.23 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.58 | 0.38 | 0.35 | 0.26 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Foam insulated steel slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.37 | ||||
| 6% glazing (22 in. x 8 in. lite) | - | 0.44 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.39 |
| 25% glazing (22 in. x 36 in. lite) | - | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.44 |
| 45% glazing (22 in. x 64 in. lite) | - | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.48 |
| More than 50% glazing | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Cardboard honeycomb slab with metal edge in steel frameb | 0.61 | ||||
| Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Sliding glass doors/French doors | Use Table 10-6A | ||||
| Site-Assembled Style and Rail Doors | |||||
| Aluminum in aluminum frame | - | 1.32 | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.79 |
| Aluminum in aluminum frame with thermal break | - | 1.13 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.63 |
| REVOLVING DOORS (Rough opening - 82 in. x 84 in.) | |||||
| Aluminum in aluminum frame | |||||
| Open | - | 1.32 | - | - | - |
| Closed | - | 0.65 | - | - | - |
| SECTIONAL OVERHEAD DOORS (Nominal - 10 ft x 10 ft) | |||||
| Uninsulated steel (nominal U =1.15)c | 1.15 | - | - | - | - |
| Insulated steel (nominal U =0.11)c | 0.24 | - | - | - | - |
| Insulated steel with thermal break (nominal U = 0.08)c | 0.13 | - | - | - | - |
| a. | Thermally broken sill (add 0.03 for nonthermally broken sill) |
| b. | Nonthermally broken sill |
| c. | Nominal U-factors are through the center of the insulated panel before consideration of thermal bridges around the edges of the door sections and due to the frame. |
Group R Occupancy: DEFAULT U-FACTORS FOR GLAZED DOORS
See Table 10-6C
| Frame Type | ||||
| Aluminum | Aluminum | Reinforced | Wood or Vinyl- | |
| Glazing Type | without | with | Vinyl/ | Clad Wood/ |
| Thermal | Thermal | Aluminum-Clad | Vinyl without | |
| Break | Break | Wood or Vinyl | Reinforcing | |
| Single Glazing | ||||
| glass | U-1.58 | U-1.51 | U-1.40 | U-1.18 |
| acrylic/polycarb | U-1.52 | U-1.45 | U-1.34 | U-1.11 |
| Double Glazing | ||||
| air | U-1.05 | U-0.89 | U-0.84 | U-0.67 |
| argon | U-1.02 | U-0.86 | U-0.80 | U-0.64 |
| Double Glazing, e=0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.96 | U-0.80 | U-0.75 | U-0.59 |
| argon | U-0.91 | U-0.75 | U-0.70 | U-0.54 |
| Double Glazing, e=0.10 | ||||
| air | U-0.94 | U-0.79 | U-0.74 | U-0.58 |
| argon | U-0.89 | U-0.73 | U-0.68 | U-0.52 |
| Double Glazing, e=0.05 | ||||
| air | U-0.93 | U-0.78 | U-0.73 | U-0.56 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.71 | U-0.66 | U-0.50 |
| Triple Glazing | ||||
| air | U-0.90 | U-0.70 | U-0.67 | U-0.51 |
| argon | U-0.87 | U-0.69 | U-0.64 | U-0.48 |
| Triple Glazing, e=0.20 | ||||
| air | U-0.86 | U-0.68 | U-0.63 | U-0.47 |
| argon | U-0.82 | U-0.63 | U-0.59 | U-0.43 |
| Triple Glazing, e=0.20 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.82 | U-0.64 | U-0.60 | U-0.44 |
| argon | U-0.79 | U-0.60 | U-0.56 | U-0.40 |
| Triple Glazing, e=0.10 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.81 | U-0.62 | U-0.58 | U-0.42 |
| argon | U-0.77 | U-0.58 | U-0.54 | U-0.38 |
| Quadruple Glazing, e=0.10 on 2 surfaces | ||||
| air | U-0.78 | U-0.59 | U-0.55 | U-0.39 |
| argon | U-0.74 | U-0.56 | U-0.52 | U-0.36 |
| krypton | U-0.70 | U-0.52 | U-0.48 | U-0.32 |
| 1. | U-factors are applicable to both glass and plastic, flat and domed units, all spacers and gaps. |
| 2. | Emissivities shall be less than or equal to the value specified. |
| 3. | Gap fill shall be assumed to be air unless there is a minimum of 90% argon or krypton. |
| 4. | Aluminum frame with thermal break is as defined in footnote 9 to Table 10-6B. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1006, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1006, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: Chapters 19.27, 19.27A and 34.05 RCW. 94-05-059, 51-11-1006, filed 2/10/94, effective 4/1/94. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.020 and 1990 c 2. 91-01-112, 51-11-1006, filed 12/19/90, effective 7/1/91.]
((
EXCEPTION:Special applications, including but not limited to hospitals, laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment, and rooms
designed to comply with the special construction and fire protection requirements of NFPA 75, "Standard for the
Protection of Electronic Computer/Data Processing Equipment" may be exempt from the requirements of this
section when approved by the building official. Exemptions shall be specific on a case-by-case basis and allowed
only to the extent necessary to accommodate the special applications.))
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1401, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
1411.1 General: Equipment shall have a minimum performance at
the specified rating conditions not less than the values shown in
Tables 14-1A through ((14-3)) 14-1G. If a nationally recognized
certification program exists for a product covered in Tables
14-1A through ((14-3)) 14-1G, and it includes provisions for
verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then
the product shall be listed in the certification program.
Gas-fired and oil-fired forced air furnaces with input ratings ≥
225,000 Btu/h (65 kW) shall also have an intermittent ignition or
interrupted device (IID), and have either mechanical draft
(including power venting) or a flue damper. A vent damper is an
acceptable alternative to a flue damper for furnaces where
combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. All furnaces
with input ratings ≥ 225,000 Btu/h (65 kW), including electric
furnaces, that are not located within the conditioned space shall
have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating.
1411.2 Rating Conditions: Cooling equipment shall be rated at
ARI test conditions and procedures when available. Where no
applicable procedures exist, data shall be furnished by the
equipment manufacturer.
1411.3 Combination Space and Service Water Heating: For
combination space and service water heaters with a principal
function of providing space heat, the Combined Annual Efficiency
(CAE) may be calculated by using ASHRAE Standard 124-1991. Storage water heaters used in combination space heat and water
heat applications shall have either an Energy Factor (EF) or a
Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) of not less than the following:
| Energy Factor (EF) |
Combined Annual Efficiency (CAE) | |
| < 50 gallon storage | 0.58 | 0.71 |
| 50 to 70 gallon storage | 0.57 | 0.71 |
| > 70 gallon storage | 0.55 | 0.70 |
EXCEPTION:
Unstaffed equipment shelters or cabinets used solely for personal wireless service facilities.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1411, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1411, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1411, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
1412.1 Temperature Controls: Each system shall be provided with
at least one temperature control device. Each zone shall be
controlled by individual thermostatic controls responding to
temperature within the zone. At a minimum, each floor of a
building shall be considered as a separate zone.
1412.2 Deadband Controls: When used to control both comfort
heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capable
of a deadband of at least 5 degrees F within which the supply of
heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to
a minimum.
1412.3 Humidity Controls: If a system is equipped with a means
for adding moisture, a humidistat shall be provided.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Special occupancy, special usage, or code requirements where deadband controls are not appropriate.
2. Buildings complying with Section 1141.4, if in the proposed building energy analysis, heating and cooling
thermostat setpoints are set to the same temperature between 70 degrees F and 75 degrees F inclusive, and assumed
to be constant throughout the year.
3. Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes.
1412.4 Setback and Shut-Off: HVAC systems shall be equipped with
automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy
use through control setback or equipment shutdown during periods
of non-use or alternate use of the spaces served by the system. The automatic controls shall have a minimum seven-day clock and
be capable of being set for seven different day types per week.
1412.4.1 Dampers: Outside air intakes, exhaust outlets and
relief outlets serving conditioned spaces shall be equipped with
motorized dampers which close automatically when the system is
off or upon power failure.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas which require continuous operation at the same temperature setpoint.
2. Equipment with full load demands of 2 Kw (6,826 Btu/h) or less may be controlled by readily accessible manual
off-hour controls.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Systems serving areas which require continuous operation.
2. Combustion air intakes.
3. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in buildings less than 3 stories in height.
4. Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in exhaust and relief outlets in the first story and levels below the
first story of buildings three or more stories in height.
Dampers installed to comply with this section, including dampers
integral to HVAC equipment, shall have a maximum leakage rate
when tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500 of:
(a) Motorized dampers: 10 cfm/ft2 of damper area at 1.0 in w.g.
(b) Nonmotorized dampers: 20 cfm/ft2 of damper area at 1.0 in w.g., except that for nonmotorized dampers smaller than 24 inches in either dimension: 40 cfm/ft2 of damper area at 1.0 in w.g.
Drawings shall indicate compliance with this section.
1412.4.2 Optimum Start Controls: Heating and cooling systems
with design supply air capacities exceeding 10,000 cfm shall have
optimum start controls. Optimum start controls shall be designed
to automatically adjust the start time of an HVAC system each day
to bring the space to desired occupied temperature levels
immediately before scheduled occupancy. The control algorithm
shall, as a minimum, be a function of the difference between
space temperature and occupied setpoint and the amount of time
prior to scheduled occupancy.
1412.5 Heat Pump Controls: Unitary air cooled heat pumps shall
include microprocessor controls that minimize supplemental heat
usage during start-up, set-up, and defrost conditions. These
controls shall anticipate need for heat and use compression
heating as the first stage of heat. Controls shall indicate when
supplemental heating is being used through visual means (e.g.,
LED indicators).
1412.6 Combustion Heating Equipment Controls: Combustion heating
equipment with a capacity over 225,000 Btu/h shall have
modulating or staged combustion control.
1412.7 Balancing: Each air supply outlet or air or water
terminal device shall have a means for balancing, including but
not limited to, dampers, temperature and pressure test
connections and balancing valves.EXCEPTIONS:
Boilers.
Radiant heaters.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1412, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1412, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1412, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
1413.1 Operation: Air economizers shall be capable of
automatically modulating outside and return air dampers to
provide 100 percent of the design supply air as outside air to
reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling. Air
economizers shall be used for RS-29 analysis base case for all
systems without exceptions in Sections 1413, 1423, or 1433.
Water economizers shall be capable of providing the total
concurrent cooling load served by the connected terminal
equipment lacking airside economizer, at outside air temperatures
of 45F dry-bulb/40F wet-bulb and below. For this calculation,
all factors including solar and internal load shall be the same
as those used for peak load calculations, except for the outside
temperatures.
| EXCEPTION: | Water economizers using air-cooled heat rejection equipment may use a 35F dry-bulb outside air temperature for this calculation. This exception is limited to a maximum of 20 tons per building. |
1413.2 ((Control: Air economizers shall be controlled by a
control system capable of determining if outside air can meet
part or all of the building's cooling loads.)) Documentation:
Water economizer plans submitted for approval shall include the
following information:
1. Maximum outside air conditions for which economizer is
sized to provide full cooling.
2. Design cooling load to be provided by economizer at this outside air condition.
3. Heat rejection and terminal equipment performance data including model number, flow rate, capacity, entering and leaving temperature in full economizer cooling mode.
1413.3 Integrated Operation: ((Building Heating Energy:)) The
HVAC system and its controls shall allow economizer operation
when mechanical cooling is required simultaneously. Air and
water economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling
even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the
remainder of the cooling load. ((Controls shall not preclude the
economizer operation when mechanical cooling is required
simultaneously.))
EXCEPTIONS:
((
Economizers on individual, direct expansion, cooling systems with capacities not greater than 75,000 Btu/h may include
controls that limit simultaneous operation of the economizer and mechanical cooling for the purpose of preventing ice
formation on cooling coils.))
1. Individual, direct expansion units that have a rated capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h and use nonintegrated economizer
controls that preclude simultaneous operation of the economizer and mechanical cooling.
2. Water-cooled water chillers.
1413.4 Humidification: If an air economizer is required on a
cooling system for which humidification equipment is to be
provided to maintain minimum indoor humidity levels, then the
humidifier shall be of the adiabatic type (direct evaporative
media or fog atomization type) that cools return air while
humidifying outside air while in economizer. If a water
economizer or no economizer is provided, the isothermal type of
humidifier may be used (steam injection, gas, electric resistance
or infrared generator type that uses new energy to boil moisture
to be added).
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1413, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
The total capacity of all units without economizers shall
not exceed ((240,000)) 120,000 Btu/h per building, or ((10%)) 5%
of its aggregate cooling (economizer) capacity, whichever is
greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R occupancy
is not included in determining the total capacity of all units
without economizers in a building.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1423, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1423, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1423, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
| (( |
|
| EXCEPTIONS: | 1. Single package unitary fan-cooling units installed outdoors or in a mechanical room adjacent to outdoors with a total cooling capacity less than 20,000 Btu/h. Other single package unitary fan-cooling units with a total cooling capacity less than 54,000 Btu/h. The total capacity of all such systems without economizers shall not exceed 120,000 Btu/h per building, or 5% of its air economizer capacity, whichever is greater. That portion of the equipment serving Group R occupancy is not included in determining the total capacity of all units without economizers in a building. |
| 2. Water-cooled refrigeration equipment provided with a water economizer meeting the requirements of Section 1413. Water economizer capacity per building shall not exceed 500 tons. This exception shall not be used for RS-29 analysis. | |
| 3. Systems for which at least 75% of the annual energy used for mechanical cooling is provided from site-recovery or site-solar energy source. | |
| 4. Systems where special outside air filtration and treatment, for the reduction and treatment of unusual outdoor contaminants, makes an air economizer infeasible. | |
| 5. Systems that affect other systems (such as dehumidification and supermarket refrigeration systems) so as to increase the overall building energy consumption. New humidification equipment shall comply with Section 1413.4. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1433, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1433, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1433, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
EXCEPTIONS:
1.
Motors used in systems designed to use more than one speed of a multi-speed motor.
2.
Motors used as a component of the equipment meeting the minimum equipment efficiency requirements of Section 1411 and Tables 14-1A
((
and 14-2)) through 14-1G provided that the motor input is included when determining the equipment efficiency.3.
Motors that are an integral part of specialized process equipment.
4.
Where the motor is integral to a listed piece of equipment for which no complying motor has been approved.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1437, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025 and 19.27A.045. 98-03-003, 51-11-1452, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1452, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
OTS-5003.2
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 01-03-010, filed 1/5/01,
effective 7/1/01)
WAC 51-11-1454
Pool covers.
Heated pools shall be equipped
with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools heated to more than 90 degrees F shall have a pool cover
with a minimum insulation value of R-12.
((TABLE 14-1
Standard Rating Conditions and Minimum Performance for
Air Cooled Unitary Air Conditioners, Heat Pumps, Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners,
Warm Air Furnaces, Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters
Rating |
Rating Conditions |
||||
Load |
|||||
and Heat Pumps Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Single Package |
NA |
9.7 SEER |
-1989 |
≤135,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity |
Standard Ratings: |
95F db |
80F db |
||
≤760,000 Btu/h1 Cooling Capacity |
Heat Pumps |
8.5 EER |
7.5 IPLV |
-1986 |
|
Cooling Capacity |
Heat Pumps |
8.7 EER |
7.5 IPLV |
||
Conditioners & Heat Pumps Cooling Ratings |
Heat Pumps Standard/Low Temp[:] |
Cap/1000)3 EER 95F` |
Cap/1000)2,3 EER 82F |
-1990 |
|
Heat Pump Heating Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Single Package |
6.6 HSPF |
-1989 |
|
≤135,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity |
Standard Ratings: |
47F db/43F wb |
17F db/15F wb |
||
Cooling Capacity |
Standard Ratings[:] |
47F |
17F |
-1986 |
|
Heat Pumps Heating Ratings |
Standard Ratings[:] |
COP 47F db/43F wb |
-1990 |
||
Warm Air Furnaces & Combination Furnace/A.C. |
Seasonal Ratings[:] |
Part430 AppN |
|||
Gas, Min Rating6 |
78% Et4 |
NA |
-1983 |
||
Oil, Min Rating6 |
81% Et4 |
NA |
-1986 |
||
Warm-Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters |
Furnaces |
Min Rated Capacity6 |
75% Et4 |
NA |
-1986 |
Heaters |
Min Rated Capacity6 |
74% Et4 |
NA |
-1985 |
|
Heaters |
Min Rated Capacity6 |
81% Et4 |
NA |
-1988 |
|
| 1. | For units that have a heating section, deduct 0.2 from all required EER's and IPLV's. |
| 2. | For multi-capacity equipment the minimum performance shall apply to each step provided Multi-capacity refers to manufacturer published rating for more than one capacity mode allowed by the product's controls. |
| 3. | Capacity (Cap) means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h in accordance with the cited ARI standard. If the unit's capacity is less than 7,000 Btu/h, use 7,000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation. |
| 4. | These values apply to non-NAECA equipment. See referenced standard for definition of Thermal efficiency (Et), (100% flue losses). |
((TABLE 14-2
Standard Rating Conditions and Minimum Performance for
Water and Evaporatively Cooled Unitary Air Conditioners, Heat Pumps, Water Source and Ground Source
Heat Pumps, Condensing Units, and Water Chilling Packages
Rating |
Rating Conditions |
||||
Part Load |
|||||
Cooled A/Cs & Heat Pumps Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Outdoor Conditions: 95F db/75F wb |
-1989 CTI 201 -1986 |
||
Cooling Capacity |
|||||
Heat Pump Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Entering Water[:] |
85F ewt2 |
75F ewt2 |
-1986 CTI 201 -1986 |
Cooling Capacity |
Entering Water[:] |
85F ewt2 |
|||
Heat Pump Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Entering Water[:] |
70F ewt2 |
50F ewt2 |
-1985 |
Unitary Air Conditioners Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
Entering Water[:] |
85F ewt2 |
75F ewt2 |
-1989 CTI 201 -1986 |
Cooling Capacity |
Entering Water[:] |
85F ewt2 |
|||
Cooled Air Cond. and Heat Pumps Cooling Ratings |
Cooling Capacity |
-1986 CTI 201 -1986 |
|||
Cooling Capacity |
Water/Evap Cooled |
12.9 EER |
12.9 IPLV |
-1987 CTI 201 -1986 |
|
≥150 and <300 Tons ≥300 Tons |
4.2 COP 5.2 COP4 |
4.5 IPLV 5.3 IPLV4 |
ARI 590-86pN CTI 201 -1986 |
||
≥150 Tons |
with Condenser |
2.5 COP |
2.5 IPLV |
||
Condenserless |
|||||
Cooling Capacity |
Standard Conditions1: |
70F ewt2 |
NA |
-1986 |
|
70F ewt2 |
50F ewt2 |
-1985 |
|||
| 1. | Standard Indoor Conditions: 80F dry bulb and 67F wet bulb. |
| 2. | ewt: Entering Water Temperature for water cooled heat pumps and air conditioners. |
| 3. | Condensing unit requirements are based on single - number rating defined in paragraph 5.1.3.2 of ARI Standard 365. |
| 4. | These requirements are reduced to 4.7 COP and 4.8 IPLV, where refrigerants with ozone depletion factors of 0.05 or less are used. No reduction is allowed for standard design systems analyzed under RS-29. |
((TABLE 14-3
Standard Rating Conditions and Minimum Performance,
Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers
10 CFR, Part 430 AppN |
<300,000 Btu/h |
Rating |
80%1,3 |
<300,000 Btu/h |
Rating |
80%1 |
|
H.I. Htg. Boiler Std. 86 ASME PTC4.1-64 U.L. 795-73 |
≥300,000 Btu/h |
Steady-State |
80% |
80% |
|||
H.I. Htg. Boiler Std. 86 ASME PTC4.1-64 |
≥300,000 Btu/h |
Steady-State |
83% |
83% |
|||
ASME PTC4.1-64 |
≥300,000 Btu/h |
Steady-State |
83% |
83% |
| 1. | To be consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-12). |
| 2. | Provided and allowed by the controls. |
| 3. | Except for gas-fired steam boilers for which minimum AFUE is 75%. |
| 4. | Ec= combustion efficiency, 100% - flue losses. See reference document for detailed information. |
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Air Conditioners, Air Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 10.0 SEER | ARI 210/240 |
| Single Package | 9.7 SEER | |||
| ≥65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
10.3 EERc | ||
| ≥135,000 Btu/h and < 240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.7 EERc | ARI 340/360 | |
| ≥ 240,000 Btu/h and <760,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.5 EERc 9.7 IPLVc |
||
| ≥760,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
9.2 EERc 9.4 IPLVc |
||
| Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled | < 65,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
12.1 EER | ARI 210/240 |
| ≥ 65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
11.5 EERc | ||
| ≥135,000 Btu/h and ≤240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
11.0 EERc | ARI 340/360 | |
| > 240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
11.0 EERc 10.3 IPLVc |
||
| Condensing Units, Air Cooled | ≥135,000 Btu/h | 10.1 EER 11.2 IPLV |
ARI 365 | |
| Condensing Units,Water or Evaporatively Cooled | ≥135,000 Btu/h | 13.1 EER 13.1 IPLV |
||
| a Reserved. b IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. d Single-phase air-cooled air-conditioners < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA. |
||||
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Air Cooled, (Cooling Mode) | < 65,000 Btu/hd | Split System | 10.0 SEER | ARI 210/240 |
| Single Package | 9.7 SEER | |||
| ≥65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
10.1 EERc | ||
| ≥135,000 Btu/h and <240,000 Btu/h |
Split System and Single Package |
9.3 EERc | ARI 340/360
|
|
| ≥240,000 Btu/h | Split System and Single Package |
9.0 EERc 9.2 IPLVc |
||
| Water-Source (Cooling Mode) |
< 17,000 Btu/h | 86F Entering Water | 11.2 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| ≥ 17,000 Btu/h and <65,000 Btu/h |
86F Entering Water | 12.0 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 | |
| ≥65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h |
86F Entering Water | 12.0 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 | |
| Groundwater-Source (Cooling Mode) | < 135,000 Btu/h | 59F Entering Water | 16.2 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Ground Source (Cooling Mode)
|
< 135,000 Btu/h | 77F Entering Water | 13.4 EER | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Air Cooled (Heating Mode) |
< 65,000 Btu/hd (Cooling Capacity) |
Split System | 6.8 HSPF | ARI 210/240 |
| Single Package | 6.6 HSPF | |||
| ≥65,000 Btu/h and < 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
47F db/43F wb
Outdoor Air 17F db/15F wb Outdoor Air |
3.2 COP
|
||
| ≥135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
47F db/43F wb
Outdoor Air 17F db/15F wb Outdoor Air |
3.1 COP
|
ARI 340/360
|
|
| Water-Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
68F Entering Water | 4.2 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Groundwater-Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
50F Entering Water | 3.6 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| Ground Source (Heating Mode) |
< 135,000 Btu/h (Cooling Capacity) |
32F Entering Water | 3.1 COP | ARI/ISO-13256-1 |
| a Reserved. b IPLVs and part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. c Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. d Single-phase air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER and HSPF values are those set by NAECA. |
||||
Water Chilling Packages, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Air Cooled, With Condenser, Electrically Operated |
All Capacities | 2.80 COP 3.05 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| Air Cooled, Without Condenser, Electrically Operated |
All Capacities | 3.10 COP 3.45 IPLV |
||
| Water Cooled, Electrically
Operated, Positive
Displacement (Reciprocating) |
All Capacities | 4.20 COP 5.05 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll) |
< 150 Tons | 4.45 COP 5.20 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| ≥150 Tons and < 300 Tons |
4.90 COP 5.60 IPLV |
|||
| ≥300 Tons | 5.50 COP 6.15 IPLV |
|||
| Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Centrifugal | < 150 Tons | 5.00 COP 5.25 IPLV |
ARI 550/590 | |
| ≥150 Tons and < 300 Tons |
5.55 COP 5.90 IPLV |
|||
| ≥300 Tons | 6.10 COP 6.40 IPLV |
|||
| Air Cooled Absorption Single Effect |
All Capacities | 0.60 COP |
|
|
| Water Cooled Absorption Single Effect |
All Capacities | 0.70 COP | ||
| Absorption Double Effect, Indirect-Fired |
All Capacities | 1.00 COP 1.05 IPLV |
ARI 560 | |
| Absorption Double Effect, Direct-Fired |
All Capacities | 1.00 COP 1.00 IPLV |
||
| a Reserved. b The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is less than or equal to 40F. |
||||
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps, Electrically Operated, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| PTAC (Cooling Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities | 95F db Outdoor Air | 12.5 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER |
|
| PTAC (Cooling Mode) Replacementsc | All Capacities | 95F db Outdoor Air | 10.9 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | ARI 310/380 |
| PTHP (Cooling Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities | 95F db Outdoor Air | 12.3 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | |
| PTHP (Cooling Mode) Replacementsc |
All Capacities | 95F db Outdoor Air | 10.8 - (0.213 x Cap/1000)b EER | |
| PTHP (Heating Mode) New Construction |
All Capacities |
|
3.2 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP | |
| PTHP (Heating Mode) Replacementsc |
All Capacities | 2.9 - (0.026 x Cap/1000)b COP |
|
|
| Room Air Conditioners, with Louvered Sides | < 6,000 Btu/h | 9.7 EER | ANSI/AHAM RAC-1 | |
| ≥6,000 Btu/h and < 8,000 Btu/h |
9.7 EER | |||
| ≥ 8,000 Btu/h
and < 14,000 Btu/h |
9.8 EER | |||
| ≥14,000 Btu/h
and < 20,000 Btu/h |
9.7 EER | |||
| ≥20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioners, without Louvered Sides | < 8,000 Btu/h | 9.0 EER | ||
| ≥8,000 Btu/h and < 20,000 Btu/h |
8.5 EER | |||
| ≥20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with Louvered Sides | < 20,000 Btu/h | 9.0 EER | ||
| ≥ 20,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps without Louvered Sides | < 14,000 Btu/h | 8.5 EER | ||
| ≥ 14,000 Btu/h | 8.0 EER | |||
| Room Air Conditioner, Casement Only | All Capacities | 8.7 EER | ||
| Room Air Conditioner, Casement Slider | All Capacities | 9.5 EER | ||
| a Reserved. b Cap means the rated cooling capacity of the product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 Btu/h, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation. c Replacement units must be factory labeled as follows: "MANUFACTURED FOR REPLACEMENT APPLICATIONS ONLY; NOT TO BE INSTALLED IN NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only to units with existing sleeves less than 16-in. high and less than 42-in. wide. d Casement room air conditioners are not separate product classes under current minimum efficiency column. e New room air conditioner standards, covered by NAECA became effective October 1, 2000. |
||||
Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Type | Size Category (Input) | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurea |
| Warm Air Furnace, Gas-Fired |
< 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
78% AFUE or 80% Etc |
DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or ANSI Z21.47 |
|
| ≥225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
Maximum
Capacityc
|
80% Ecf | ANSI Z21.47 | |
| Warm Air Furnace, Oil-Fired |
< 225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
78% AFUE or
|
DOE 10 CFR Part
430 or UL 727 |
|
| ≥225,000 Btu/h (66 kW) |
Maximum
Capacityb
|
81% Etg ____
|
UL 727 | |
| Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum
Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
ANSI Z83.9 |
| Warm Air Unit
Heaters, Gas-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum
Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
ANSI Z83.8
|
| Warm Air Unit Heaters, Oil-Fired |
All Capacities | Maximum
Capacityb
|
80% Ece ____
|
UL 731 |
| a Reserved. b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. c Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h [19 kW]) may comply with either rating. d Et = Thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. e Ec = Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. f Ec = Combustion efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. g Et = Thermal efficiency. Units must also include an IID, have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. |
||||
Boilers, Gas- and Oil-Fired, Minimum Efficiency Requirements
| Equipment Typef | Size Category | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedure |
| Boilers, Gas-Fired | < 300,000 Btu/h | Hot Water | 80% AFUE | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
| Steam | 75% AFUE | |||
| ≥300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityb | 75% Et | H.I. Htg Boiler Std |
|
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Hot Water | 80% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Steam | 80% Ec | ||
| Boilers, Oil-Fired | < 300,000 Btu/h | 80% AFUE | DOE 10 CFR Part 430 |
|
| ≥300,000 Btu/h and ≤ 2,500,000 Btu/h | Maximum Capacityb | 78% Et | H.I. Htg Boiler Std |
|
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Hot Water | 83% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Steam | 83% Ec | ||
| Oil-Fired (Residual) | ≥300,000 Btu/h
and ≤2,500,000 Btu/h |
Maximum Capacityb | 78% Et | H.I. Htg Boiler Std |
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Hot Water | 83% Ec | ||
| > 2,500,000 Btu/hf | Steam | 83% Ec | ||
| a Reserved. b Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. c Ec = Combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See reference document for detailed information. d Et = Thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information. e Alternate test procedures used at the manufacturer's option are ASME PTC-4.1 for units over 5,000,000 Btu/h input, or ANSI Z21.13 for units greater than or equal to 300,000 Btu/h and less than or equal to 2,500,000 Btu/h input. f These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers. |
||||
Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment
| Equipment Type | Total System Heat Rejection Capacity at Rated Conditions | Sub-Category or Rating Condition | Minimum Efficiencyb | Test Procedurec |
| Propeller or Axial Fan Cooling Towers | All | 95F (35C) Entering Water 85F (29C) Leaving Water 75F (24C) wb Outdoor Air |
≥38.2 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 |
| Centrifugal Fan Cooling Towers | All | 95F (35C) Entering Water 85F (29C) Leaving Water 75F (24C) wb Outdoor Air |
≥ 20.0 gpm/hp | CTI ATC-105 and CTI STD-201 |
| Air Cooled Condensers | All | 125F (52C) Condensing
Temperature R22 Test Fluid 190F (88C) Entering Gas Temperature 15F (8C) Subcooling 95F (35C) Entering Drybulb |
≥176,000 Btu/hhp | ARI 460 |
| a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum flow rating of the tower
divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. b For purposes of this table air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. c Reserved. |
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TABLE 14-4
Energy Efficient Electric Motors
Minimum Nominal Full-Load Efficiency
| Open Motors | Closed Motors | |||||
| Synchronous Speed (RPM) |
3,600 | 1,800 | 1,200 | 3,600 | 1,800 | 1,200 |
| HP | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency | Efficiency |
| 1.0 | - | 82.5 | 80.0 | 75.5 | 82.5 | 80.0 |
| 1.5 | 82.5 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 82.5 | 84.0 | 85.5 |
| 2.0 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 85.5 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 86.5 |
| 3.0 | 84.0 | 86.5 | 86.5 | 85.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 |
| 5.0 | 85.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 |
| 7.5 | 87.5 | 88.5 | 88.5 | 88.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| 10.0 | 88.5 | 89.5 | 90.2 | 89.5 | 89.5 | 89.5 |
| 15.0 | 89.5 | 91.0 | 90.2 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 90.2 |
| 20.0 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 91.0 | 90.2 | 91.0 | 90.2 |
| 25.0 | 91.0 | 91.7 | 91.7 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 91.7 |
| 30.0 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 92.4 | 91.0 | 92.4 | 91.7 |
| 40.0 | 91.7 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 91.7 | 93.0 | 93.0 |
| 50.0 | 92.4 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 92.4 | 93.0 | 93.0 |
| 60.0 | 93.0 | 93.6 | 93.6 | 93.0 | 93.6 | 93.6 |
| 75.0 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 93.6 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 93.6 |
| 100.0 | 93.0 | 94.1 | 94.1 | 93.6 | 94.5 | 94.1 |
| 125.0 | 93.6 | 94.5 | 94.1 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 94.1 |
| 150.0 | 93.6 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 95.0 |
| 200.0 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 95.0 | 95.0 | 95.0 |
TABLE 14-5
Duct Insulation
| Duct Type | Duct Location | Insulation R-Value |
Other Requirements |
| Supply, Return | Not within conditioned space: On exterior of building, on roof, in attic, in enclosed ceiling space, in walls, in garage, in crawl spaces | R-7 | Approved weather proof barrier |
| Outside air intake | Within conditioned space | R-7 | See Section 1414.2 |
| Supply, Return, Outside air intake | Not within conditioned space: in concrete, in ground | R-5.3 | |
| Supply with supply air temperature <55F or >105F | Within conditioned space | R-3.3 |
| Note: | Requirements apply to the duct type listed, whether heated or mechanically cooled. Mechanically cooled ducts requiring insulation shall have a vapor retarder, with a perm rating not greater than 0.5 and all joints sealed. |
TABLE 14-6
Minimum Pipe Insulation (inches)1
| Fluid Design Operating Temp. Range, F |
Insulation Conductivity | Nominal Pipe Diameter (in.) | ||||||
| Conductivity Range Btu in. / (h ft2 F) |
Mean Rating Temp. F |
Runouts2 up to 2 |
1 and less |
>1 to 2 | >2 to 4 | >4 to 6 | >6 | |
| Heating systems (Steam, Steam Condensate[,] and Hot water) | Nominal Insulation Thickness | |||||||
| Above 350 251-350 201-250 141-200 105-140 |
0.32-0.34 0.29-0.31 0.27-0.30 0.25-0.29 0.24-0.28 |
250 200 150 125 100 |
1.5 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 |
2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 |
3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 |
3.5 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 |
3.5 3.5 3.5 1.5 1.5 |
| Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems | ||||||||
| 105 and Greater | 0.24-0.28 | 100 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine[,] and Refrigerant) | ||||||||
| 40-55 Below 40 |
0.23-0.27 0.23-0.27 |
75 75 |
0.5 1.0 |
0.5 1.0 |
0.75 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
1.0 1.5 |
| 1. | Alternative Insulation Types. Insulation thicknesses in Table 14-6 are based on insulation with thermal conductivities within the range listed in Table14-6 for each fluid operating temperature range, rated in accordance with ASTM C 335-84 at the mean temperature listed in the table. For insulation that has a conductivity outside the range shown in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean rating temperature shown (when rounded to the nearest 0.01 Btu in./(hft2F)), the minimum thickness shall be determined in accordance with the following equation: |
| T= PR[[(]1+ t/PR)K/k - 1] |
| Where |
| T = | Minimum insulation thickness for material with conductivity K, inches. |
| PR = | Pipe actual outside radius, inches[.] |
| t = | Insulation thickness from Table 14-6, inches |
| K = | conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating temperature indicated in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu in[.]/(hft2 F) |
| k = | the lower value of the conductivity range listed in Table 14-6 for the applicable fluid temperature range, Btu in[.]/(h ft2 F) |
| 2. | Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12 ft. in length. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025, 19.27A.045. 01-03-010, 51-11-1454, filed 1/5/01, effective 7/1/01; 98-03-003, 51-11-1454, filed 1/8/98, effective 7/1/98. Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27A.025. 93-21-052, 51-11-1454, filed 10/18/93, effective 4/1/94.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.