PROPOSED RULES
Original Notice.
Preproposal statement of inquiry was filed as WSR 00-03-017.
Title of Rule: Amendment of chapter 51-40 WAC (amendment of the 1997 Edition of the Uniform Building Code).
Purpose: To consider whether to amend the 1997 Edition of the Uniform Building Code, Published by the International Conference of Building Officials.
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074.
Statute Being Implemented: Chapters 19.27 and 34.05 RCW.
Summary: The proposed rules include adoption of amendments to the 1997 Uniform Building Code, including editorial corrections, improved requirements for adult family homes and barrier-free facilities, and substituting the 2000 International Building Code structural provisions.
Reasons Supporting Proposal: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074.
Name of Agency Personnel Responsible for Drafting and Implementation: Al Rhoades, P.O. Box 48300, Olympia, WA 98504-8300, (360) 586-8999; and Enforcement: Local jurisdictions.
Name of Proponent: Washington State Building Code Council, governmental.
Agency Comments or Recommendations, if any, as to Statutory Language, Implementation, Enforcement, and Fiscal Matters: The council is seeking comments on the issues proposed in the rules shown below.
Rule is not necessitated by federal law, federal or state court decision.
Explanation of Rule, its Purpose, and Anticipated Effects: The proposed rule will amend chapter 51-40 WAC. Chapter 51-40 WAC adopts and amends the 1997 Edition of the Uniform Building Code (UBC) published in three volumes by the International Conference of Building Officials. The purpose is to further amend the 1997 UBC to make editorial corrections and other improvements in the code language. The proposed amendments will provide greater safety and flexibility than the published version for application in Washington state.
Regulatory Review: In compliance with Executive Order 97-02, regulatory improvement, the following criteria for regulatory review will be considered at the time of final adoption of the rule.
1. Need. This rule is necessary to comply with the requirements of RCW 19.27.074. The council must regularly review the Uniform Building Code, and adopt amendments as deemed appropriate by the council. The purpose and objective of this review, as given in RCW 19.27.020, is to promote the health, safety and welfare of the occupants or users of buildings; to require minimum construction standards for the state of Washington; to permit the use of modern technical methods; to eliminate restrictive, obsolete, conflicting, duplicating and unnecessary regulations; and to provide standards to make buildings accessible to and usable by physically disabled persons. The technical advisory groups appointed by the Council have identified rules that are obsolete, duplicative or ambiguous, and have proposed amendments and revisions.
2. Effectiveness and Efficiency. The mission of the council is to adopt building codes for uniform application throughout the state. In the course of the regular rule review, the council examined regulatory alternatives and new technologies. The council has identified where alternatives can be used effectively and efficiently. The council efficiently achieves uniform state building codes by serving as the central administrative agency for state-wide adoption of building codes.
3. Clarity. To enhance clarity, only those subsections with a state amendment will be filed under the main section number. The balance of the main section will remain as written in the national uniform code, as adopted by reference, unless otherwise noted.
4. Intent and Statutory Authority. The proposed rule is consistent with the legislative intent of the statute chapter 19.27 RCW. The statute gives the council sufficient authority to maintain the state building code, and to amend the Uniform Building Code.
5. Coordination. The council rule-making process includes participation by national, state, and local building, fire, mechanical and plumbing officials, as well as state agency representatives for the departments of social and health services, health, labor and industries, and the state fire marshal. The council actively seeks participation from other state agencies to assure that duplication and inconsistency is eliminated.
6. Cost. The council appointed technical advisory groups and an Economic and Regulatory Assessment Committee to examine the costs and benefits associated with the revisions to the building codes.
7. Fairness. The state amendments to the Uniform Building Code proposed by the council are intended to mitigate disproportionate impact on the regulated community. The council is made up of representatives from the regulated community, as well as public and regulatory officials. In addition, the council enlisted the assistance of technical advisory groups, made up of the individuals, organizations and businesses impacted by the building codes, to review code changes and proposals.
Proposal Changes the Following Existing Rules: The proposed amendments will improve the existing rules by correcting editorial errors and updating code language to allow for improved building practice and technology. The amendments added to the 1997 UBC are as follows:
1. Section 202: Adds definition for Adult Family Home.
2. Sections 204 and 207: Editorial, moves definition of Family Child Day Care Home.
3. Section 310.1: Adds adult family homes to the R-3 definition.
4. Section 310.2.2: Adds additional section references for R-1 special provisions.
5. Section 310.2.3: Adds mounting height requirements for environmental controls.
6. Section 310.6: Changes room dimension requirements for R-1.
7. Section 310.14: Adds new section for Adult Family Home requirements.
8. Section 313.1: Deletes Adult Family Home from the LC occupancy classification.
9. Section 313.6: Changes room dimension requirements for LC to coordinate with Section 310.6 changes.
10. Section 403.7: Along with amended Section 1004.3.4.5 changes, simplifies and consolidates the two sections.
11. Section 804.1: Editorial change to clarify language.
12. Section 902: Update to current referenced standard for fire-extinguishing system.
13. Section 1003.3.1.5: Editorial correction.
14. Section 1004.3.2.7: Editorial correction and deletion of unnecessary handrail requirement.
15. Section 1004.3.4.5: Along with amended Section 403.7 changes, simplifies and consolidates the two sections. Also, a section reference is added to clarify requirements for Exception 3.
16. Section 1103.1.8.2: Removes requirement for Type B dwelling units where an elevator is provided although it is not required.
17. Section 1104.1: Provides exception to area of evacuation assistance in buildings having a supervised automatic sprinkler system.
18. Section 1105.4.9: Visible alarm exception for employee work areas.
19. Section 1106.2.4.6: Changes side reach from 54 inches to 48 inches maximum height.
20. Section 1106.11.3.3: Requires door pulls on both sides of toilet stall doors.
21. Section 1106.15.2: Clarifies where visible alarms are to be located and the criteria they are to meet.
22. Section 1106.17: Allows an approved alternate for detectable warnings on walking surfaces.
23. Section 1106.27.1: Allows showers in Type B dwelling units to be larger than 36 inches by 36 inches.
24. Sections 1202 and 1203: Coordinates the building code ventilation requirements with the state Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code.
25. Section 1505.1: Removes requirement for access to attics with a volume less than 100 cubic feet.
26. Table 16-A: Reduces the load design requirement for residential gangways and bridges.
27. Chapters 16 through 23: The proposal would replace the 1997 UBC chapters with corresponding 2000 International Building Code (IBC) chapters to substitute the IBC structural provisions for the current UBC provisions.
28. Section 2106.2.14.1: Allows a reduced hole size for grouting bolts in masonry.
29. Section 2902.1.1: Plumbing fixtures need not be provided for unoccupied buildings or facilities.
30. Section 2902.3.1: Clarifies and corrects the intent and application of the requirement to provide separate toilet facilities for each sex.
31. Table 29-A: Editorial changes to improve the table.
32. Section 3102.5.4: Editorial correction.
33. Section 3102.7.14: Editorial correction.
A small business economic impact statement has been prepared under chapter 19.85 RCW.
Proposed amendments to WAC 51-40-1600 through 51-40-2300, structural design requirements, have been identified by the Building Code TAG and the Economic and Regulatory Assessment Committee as having a potential cost impact on businesses required to comply with the rule.
The proposed rule replaces the structural design chapters 16-23 of the UBC with structural design requirements of the 2000 International Building Code. The change would have greater impact on large commercial projects. The TAG did not complete an in-depth analysis of the code changes in this section. Economic factors include cost savings and added costs. The rule would update design standards for construction materials, possibly resulting in savings. The rule would include changes to calculations of wind speed effects, possibly resulting in added requirements in some areas of the state. Further analysis is necessary to determine the overall costs of this rule change.
A copy of the statement may be obtained by writing to Tim Nogler, Managing Director, Washington State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 48300, Olympia, WA 98504-8300, phone (360) 586-0486, fax (360) 586-5880.
RCW 34.05.328 does not apply to this rule adoption. The State Building Code Council is not listed in this section as one of the agencies required to comply with this regulation.
Hearing Location: Spokane City Council Chambers, West 808 Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, WA, on September 15, 2000, 10:00 a.m.; and the Radisson Hotel, 17101 International Boulevard, SeaTac, WA, on October 13, 2000, at 10:00 a.m.
Assistance for Persons with Disabilities: Contact Sue Mathers by September 1, 2000, TDD (360) 753-2200, or (360) 753-1184.
Submit Written Comments to: Judy Wilson, Chairman, State Building Code Council, P.O. Box 48300, Olympia, WA 98504-8300, fax (360) 586-5880, by October 13, 2000.
Date of Intended Adoption: November 17, 2000.
August 2, 2000
Judy Wilson
Chairman
OTS-4215.1
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 98-02-054, filed 1/6/98,
effective 7/1/98)
WAC 51-40-0200
Chapter 2 -- Definitions and abbreviations.
SECTION 202 - A.
ADULT FAMILY HOME means a family abode in which a person or
persons provide personal care, special care, room and board to
more than one but not more than six adults who are not related by
blood or marriage to the person or persons providing the
services.
SECTION 204 - C.
CHILD DAY CARE, shall, for the purposes of these regulations,
mean the care of children during any period of a 24 hour day.
((CHILD DAY CARE HOME, FAMILY is a child day care facility, licensed
by the state, located in the family abode of the person or
persons under whose direct care and supervision the child is
placed, for the care of twelve or fewer children, including
children who reside at the home.))
SECTION 207 - F.
FAMILY ABODE means a single dwelling unit and accessory
buildings occupied for living purposes by a family which provides
permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and
sanitation.
FAMILY CHILD DAY CARE HOME is a child day care facility, licensed
by the state, located in the family abode of the person or
persons under whose direct care and supervision the child is
placed, for the care of twelve or fewer children, including
children who reside at the home.
FLOOR AREA is the area included within the surrounding
exterior walls of a building or portion thereof, exclusive of
vent shafts, courts, and gridirons. The floor area of a
building, or portion thereof, not provided with surrounding
exterior wall shall be the usable area under the horizontal
projection of the roof or floor above.
SECTION 217 - P.
PORTABLE SCHOOL CLASSROOM is a structure, transportable in one or
more sections, which requires a chassis to be transported, and is
designed to be used as an educational space with or without a
permanent foundation. The structure shall be trailerable and
capable of being demounted and relocated to other locations as
needs arise.
SECTION 220 - S.
STRUCTURAL OBSERVATION means the visual observation of the
structural system, for general conformance to the approved plans
and specifications. Structural observation does not include or
waive the responsibility for the inspections required by Sections
108 and 1701 or other sections of the code.
SURGICAL AREA is the preoperating, operating, recovery and
similar rooms within an outpatient health-care center where the
patients are incapable of unassisted self-preservation.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0200, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
310.1 Group R Occupancies Defined. Group R Occupancies shall be:
Division 1. Hotels and apartment houses.
Congregate residences (each accommodating more than 10
persons).
Division 2. Not used.
Division 3. Dwellings, family child day care homes, adult
family homes and lodging houses.
Congregate residences (each accommodating 10 persons or
less).
Foster Family Care Homes licensed by the Washington State
Department of Social and Health Services shall be permitted, as
an accessory use to a dwelling unit, for six or fewer children
including those of the resident family.
For occupancy separations, see Table 3-B.
A complete code for construction of detached one- and
two-family dwellings is in Appendix Chapter 3, Division III, of
this code. When adopted, as set forth in Section 101.3, it will
take precedence over the other requirements set forth in this
code.
310.2.2 Special provisions. Walls and floors separating dwelling
units in the same building, or guest rooms in Group R, Division 1
hotel occupancies, shall not be of less than one-hour
fire-resistive construction.
Group R, Division 1 Occupancies more than two stories in
height or having more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) of floor
area above the first story shall not be of less than one-hour
fire-resistive construction throughout, except as provided in
Section 601.5.2.2, 508 and 904.1.3.
Storage or laundry rooms that are within Group R, Division 1
Occupancies that are used in common by tenants shall be separated
from the rest of the building by not less than one-hour
fire-resistive occupancy separation. The separation between
individual storage lockers may be non-rated in rooms of 500
square feet (46.4 m2) or less in area and in sprinklered rooms of
any size.
For Group R, Division 1 Occupancies with a Group S, Division
3 parking garage in the basement or first story, see Section
311.2.2.
For attic space partitions and draft stops, see Section 708.
310.2.3 Environmental Controls. For Group R Occupancies
containing no more than three dwelling units, light switches and
electrical outlets shall be mounted between 48" and 15" above the
finished floor. Where multiple controls serve the same elements
(e.g., two remote switches for a light) only one need meet this
requirement.
310.5 Light, Ventilation and Sanitation. In Group R Occupancies,
light, ventilation and sanitation shall be as specified in
Chapters 12 and 29.
310.6 Room Dimensions.
310.6.1 Ceiling heights. Habitable rooms, hallways, corridors,
bathrooms, toilet rooms, laundry rooms and basements shall have a
ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). The required
height shall be measured from the finished floor to the lowest
projection from the ceiling.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Beams and girders spaced not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center may project not more than 6 inches (153
mm) below the required ceiling height.
2. Ceilings in basements without habitable spaces may project to within 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) of the
finished floor, and beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions may project to within 6 feet 4 inches (1931 mm)
of the finished floor.
3. Not more than 50 percent of the required floor area of a room or space is permitted to have a sloped ceiling
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in height, with no portion of the required floor area less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in
height.
310.6.2 Floor area. Dwelling units and congregate residences
shall have at least one room that shall have not less than 120
square feet (11.2 m2) of floor area. Other habitable rooms
except kitchens shall have an area of not less than 70 square
feet (6.5 m2). Efficiency dwelling units shall comply with the
requirements of Section 310.7.
Portions of a room with a sloped ceiling measuring less than
5 feet (1524 mm) or a flat ceiling measuring less than 7 feet
(2134 mm) from the finished floor to the finished ceiling shall
not be considered as contributing to the minimum habitable area
for that room.
310.6.3 Width. Habitable rooms other than a kitchen shall not be
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in any dimension.
310.9.1.6. Location within family child day care homes. In
family child day care homes operable detectors shall be located
in all sleeping and napping areas. When the family child day
care home has more than one story, and in family child day care
homes with basements, an operable detector shall be installed on
each story and in the basement. In family child day care homes
where a story or basement is split into two or more levels, the
smoke detector shall be installed in the upper level, except that
when the lower level contains a sleeping or napping area, an
operable detector shall be located on each level. When sleeping
rooms are on an upper level, the detector shall be placed at the
ceiling of the upper level in close proximity to the stairway. In family child day care homes where the ceiling height of a room
open to the hallway serving the bedrooms exceeds that of the
hallway by 24 inches or more, smoke detectors shall be installed
in the hallway and the adjacent room. Detectors shall sound an
alarm audible in all areas of the building.
310.13 Family Child Day Care Homes. For family child day care
homes with more than six children, each floor level used for
family child day care purposes shall be served by two remote
means of egress. Exterior exit doors shall be operable from the
inside without the use of keys or any special knowledge or
effort.
Basements located more than four feet below grade level
shall not be used for family child day care homes unless one of
following conditions exist:
1. Stairways from the basement open directly to the exterior
of the building without entering the first floor; or
2. One of the two required means of egress discharges
directly to the exterior from the basement level, and a self
closing door is installed at the top or bottom of the interior
stair leading to the floor above; or
3. One of the two required means of egress is an operable
window or door, approved for emergency escape or rescue, that
opens directly to a public street, public alley, yard or exit
court; or
4. A residential sprinkler system is provided throughout the
entire building in accordance with National Fire Protection
Association Standard 13d.
Floors located more than 4 feet above grade level shall not
be occupied by children in family day care homes.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Use of toilet facilities while under supervision of an adult staff person.
2. Family child day care homes may be allowed on the second story if one of the following conditions exists:
2.1 Stairways from the second story open directly to the exterior of the building without entering the first floor;
or
2.2 One of the two required means of egress discharges directly to the exterior from the second story level, and
a self closing door is installed at the top or bottom of the interior stair leading to the floor below; or
2.3 A residential sprinkler system is provided throughout the entire building in accordance with National Fire
Protection Association Standard 13d.
Every sleeping or napping room in a family child day care
home shall have at least one operable window for emergency
rescue.
EXCEPTION:
Sleeping or napping rooms having doors leading to two separate means of egress, or a door leading directly to
the exterior of the building.
Rooms or spaces containing a commercial-type cooking
kitchen, boiler, maintenance shop, janitor closet, laundry,
woodworking shop, flammable or combustible storage, or painting
operation shall be separated from the family child day care area
by at least one-hour fire-resistive construction.
| EXCEPTION: | A fire-resistive separation shall not be required where the food preparation kitchen contains only a domestic cooking range, and preparation of food does not result in the production of smoke or grease laden vapors. |
310.14.1 General. This section shall apply to all newly
constructed adult family homes and all existing single family
homes being converted to adult family homes. This section shall
not apply to those adult family homes licensed by the State of
Washington Department of Social and Health Services prior to July
1, 2001.
310.14.2 Submittal Standards. In addition to those requirements
in Section 106.3, the submittal shall identify the project as a
Group R, Division 3 Adult Family Home Occupancy. A floor plan
shall be submitted identifying the means of egress and the
components in the means of egress such as stairs, ramps, platform
lifts and elevators. The plans shall indicate the rooms used for
clients and the sleeping room classification of each room.
310.14.3 Sleeping Room Classification. Each sleeping room in an
adult family home shall be classified as:
1. Type S - where the means of egress contains stairs,
elevators or platform lifts.
2. Type NS1 - where one means of egress is at grade level or
a ramp- constructed in accordance with 1106.8 is provided.
3. Type NS2 - where two means of egress are at grade level
or ramps constructed in accordance with 1106.8 are provided.
310.14.4 Types of Locking Devices. All bedroom and bathroom
doors shall be openable from the outside when locked.
Every closet shall be readily openable from the inside.
310.14.5 Smoke Detector Requirements. All adult family homes
shall be equipped with smoke detectors installed as required in
Section 310.9.1. Detectors shall be installed in such a manner
so that the fire warning may be audible in all parts of the
dwelling upon activation of a single device.
310.14.6 Escape Windows and Doors. Every sleeping room shall be
provided with emergency escape and rescue windows as required by
Section 310.4.
310.14.7 Fire Apparatus Access Roads and Water Supply for Fire
Protection. Adult family homes shall be served by fire apparatus
access roads and water supplies meeting the requirements Article
9 of the Fire Code for new construction.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0310, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
313.1 Group LC Occupancies Defined. Group LC Occupancies shall
include buildings, structures, or portions thereof, used for the
business of providing licensed care to clients in one of the
following categories regulated by either the Washington
Department of Health or the Department of Social and Health
Services:
1. ((Adult family home.
2.)) Adult residential rehabilitation facility.
((3.)) 2. Alcoholism intensive inpatient treatment service.
((4.)) 3. Alcoholism detoxification service.
((5.)) 4. Alcoholism long term treatment service.
((6.)) 5. Alcoholism recovery house service.
((7.)) 6. Boarding home.
((8.)) 7. Group care facility.
((9.)) 8. Group care facility for severely and multiple
handicapped children.
((10.)) 9. Residential treatment facility for
psychiatrically impaired children and youth.
EXCEPTION:
Where the care provided at an alcoholism detoxification service is acute care similar to that provided in a
hospital, the facility shall be classified as a Group I, Division 1.1 hospital.
313.2 Construction, Height and Allowable Area.
313.2.1 General. Buildings or parts of buildings classed in
Group LC because of the use or character of the occupancy shall
be limited to the types of construction set forth in this
section.
313.2.1.1 Type of construction. Except as provided herein, LC
Occupancy buildings may be of any construction type allowed in
this code and shall not exceed the limits specified in Sections
504, 505 and 506.
Group LC Occupancies which are licensed for more than six
clients and which are more than two stories in height or which
have more than 3,000 square feet (279 m2) above the first story
shall not be less than one-hour fire-resistive construction
throughout.
EXCEPTION:
Buildings which are licensed for not more than 16 clients may be of Type V-N construction provided:
1. The entire building has an interior wall and ceiling covering consisting of 1/2 inch gypsum wall board or an
approved equal installed in accordance with Section 2511; and,
2. An approved smoke-detection system, supervised by an approved central, proprietary or remote station
service, is installed throughout the entire structure and is interconnected with any required sprinkler system.
For attic space partitions and draft stops, see Section 708.
313.2.1.2 Area and height. Buildings classified as Group LC
Occupancy shall not exceed, in area or height, the limitations
set forth in Table 5-B for Group R, Division 1 Occupancies.
EXCEPTION:
LC Occupancies licensed for six or fewer clients may be of unlimited area provided they are limited to 3 stories
or less.
313.2.1.3 Mixed Occupancies. Group LC Occupancies shall be
separated from Group H occupancies by a four-hour fire-resistive
occupancy separation and shall be separated from all other
occupancies by a one-hour fire-resistive assembly.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. An occupancy separation need not be provided between a Group LC Occupancy licensed for 16 or fewer
clients and a carport having no enclosed use above, provided the carport is entirely open on two or more sides.
2. In a Group LC Occupancy licensed for 16 or fewer clients, the one-hour occupancy separation between a
Group LC Occupancy and a Group U, Division 1 Occupancy, may be limited to the installation of materials
approved for one-hour fire-resistive construction on the garage side and a self-closing, tight-fitting solid-wood
door 1 3/8 inches (35 mm) in thickness, or a self-closing tight-fitting door having a fire-protection rating of not
less than 20 minutes when tested in accordance with Part II of UBC Standard 7-2, which is a part of this code,
is permitted in lieu of a one-hour fire assembly. Fire dampers need not be installed in air ducts passing through
the wall, floor or ceiling separating a Group LC Occupancy from a Group U Occupancy, provided such ducts
within the Group U Occupancy are constructed of steel having a thickness not less than 0.019 inch (0.48 mm)
(No. 26 galvanized sheet gage) and having no openings into the Group U Occupancy.
3. An occupancy separation need not be provided between a Group LC, Boarding Home Occupancy and a
Group R, Division 1 Occupancy.
313.3 Location on Property. For fire-resistive protection of
exterior walls and openings, as determined by location on
property, see Section 503 and Chapter 6. For the purpose of this
determination, LC Occupancies licensed for six or fewer clients
shall comply with provisions for Group R, Division 3 Occupancies;
and all other LC Occupancies shall comply with provisions for
Group R, Division 1 Occupancies.
313.4 Access, Means of Egress, and Emergency Escape.
313.4.1 Evacuation capability. Evacuation capability is the
ability of the clients of a licensed care facility to respond to
an emergency situation and either evacuate a building or move to
a point of safety. Clients shall be classified in one of the
following levels:
| I - | persons physically and mentally capable of walking or
traversing a normal path to safety, including the
ascent and descent of stairs, and capable of
self-preservation, without the physical assistance of
another person. |
| II - | persons physically and mentally capable of traversing
a normal path to safety with the use of mobility aids,
but unable to ascend or descend stairs without the
physical assistance of another person. |
| III - | persons physically or mentally unable to walk or traverse a normal path to safety without the physical assistance of another person. |
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Means of egress illumination required by Section 1003.2.9.1 need not be provided in any Group LC
Occupancy licensed for six or fewer clients.
2. In LC Occupancies with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system and approved automatic fire alarm
system, waiting and resting areas may be open to the corridor provided:
2.1 Each rest area does not exceed 150 square feet, excluding the corridor width; and
2.2 Walls defining the space shall continue the construction of the corridor's wall; and
2.3 The floor on which the rest area or areas are located is divided into at least two compartments by smoke
barrier walls of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction meeting the requirements of Section 308.2.2.1
and Section 905.2.3; and
2.4 Combustible furnishings located within the rest area are flame resistant as defined by Uniform Fire Code
Section 207; and
2.5 Emergency means of egress lighting is provided as required by Section 1003.2.9.1 to illuminate the area.
313.4.3 Accessibility. In new construction, Group LC Occupancies
regardless of the number of clients shall comply with
accessibility standards for Group R, Division 1 apartment
buildings or congregate residences as specified in Chapter 11.
Where a Group LC Occupancy is being established by change of
occupancy in an existing building, the building shall be altered
to comply with apartment building or congregate residence
provisions of Chapter 11 if any client is a person with
disability. The alterations shall provide the minimum necessary
access appropriate for the disabilities of clients. Any
alteration, whether to accommodate a client with disability or
for another purpose, shall comply with Part III of Chapter 11.
313.4.4 Emergency escape.
313.4.4.1 Location of sleeping rooms. In every licensed care
facility, all sleeping rooms occupied by clients with an
evacuation capability of II or III shall be located on a grade
level floor which provides not less than two means of egress
which do not require clients to use stairs, elevator, or platform
lift to exit the facility.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In a Group LC Occupancy licensed to provide care to two or fewer clients with an evacuation capability of II
or III and six or fewer total clients, only one means of egress which does not require clients to use stairs,
elevator or platform lift to exit the facility need be provided.
2. Sleeping rooms for clients with an evacuation capability of II or III may be located on floors other than at
grade level, provided the facility is divided into at least two compartments by smoke barriers of not less than
one-hour fire-resistance meeting the requirements of Sections 308.2.2.1 and 905.2.3.
313.4.4.2 Escape windows and doors. Every sleeping room below
the fourth story (including basements) shall have at least one
operable window or door approved for emergency escape or rescue
which shall open directly into a public street, public alley,
yard or exit court. The emergency window shall be operable from
the inside to provide a full, clear opening without the use of
separate tools.
EXCEPTION:
The window or door may open into an atrium complying with Section 402 provided the window or door opens
onto an exit-access balcony and the sleeping room has an exit or exit-access doorway which does not open into
the atrium.
Escape or rescue windows shall have a minimum net clear
openable area of 5.7 square feet (0.53 m2). The minimum net
clear openable height dimension shall be 24 inches (610 mm). The
minimum net clear openable width dimension shall be 20 inches
(508 mm). When windows are provided as a means of escape or
rescue, they shall have a finished sill height not more than 44
inches (1118 mm) above the floor.
Escape and rescue windows with a finished sill height below
the adjacent ground elevation shall have a window well. Window
wells at escape and rescue windows shall comply with the
following:
1. The clear horizontal dimension shall allow the window to
be fully opened and provide a minimum accessible net clear
opening of 9 square feet (0.84 m2), with a minimum dimension of
36 inches (914 mm).
2. Window wells with a vertical depth of more than 44 inches
(1118 mm) shall be equipped with an approved permanently affixed
ladder or stairs that are accessible with the window in the fully
open position. The ladder or stairs shall not encroach into the
required dimensions of the window well by more than 6 inches (152
mm).
Bars, grilles, grates or similar devices may be installed on
emergency escape windows, doors or window wells, provided:
1. The devices are equipped with approved release mechanisms
which are operable from the inside without the use of a key or
special knowledge or effort; and
2. The building is equipped with smoke detectors installed
in accordance with Section 313.8.
313.5 Light, Ventilation and Sanitation.
313.5.1 General. For the purpose of determining the light and
ventilation for Group LC Occupancies required by this section,
any room may be considered as a portion of an adjoining room when
one half of the area of the common wall is open and unobstructed
and provides an opening of not less than one tenth of the floor
area of the interior room or 25 square feet (2.3 m2), whichever
is greater.
Exterior openings for natural light or ventilation required
by this section shall open directly onto a public way or a yard
or court as set for in Section 313.5.4.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Required exterior openings may open into a roofed porch where the porch:
1.1 Abuts a public way, yard or court; and
1.2 Has a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134 mm); and
1.3 Has a longer side at least 65 percent open and unobstructed.
2. Skylights.
313.5.2 Light. Sleeping rooms and habitable rooms within the
licensed care facility shall be provided with natural light by
means of exterior glazed openings with an area not less than one
tenth of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of 10 square
feet (0.93 m2).
EXCEPTION:
Kitchens may be provided with artificial light.
313.5.3 Ventilation. Group LC Occupancies shall comply with
provisions for Group R Occupancies as provided in the Washington
State Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code (WAC 51-13).
313.5.4 Yards and Courts.
313.5.4.1 General. This section shall apply to yards and courts
adjacent to exterior openings that provide required light or
ventilation. Such yards and courts shall be on the same property
as the building.
313.5.4.2 Yards. Yards shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm) in
width for one-story and two-story buildings. For buildings more
than two stories in height, the minimum width of the yard shall
be increased at the rate of 1 foot (305 mm) for each additional
story. For buildings exceeding 14 stories in height, the
required width of the yard shall be computed on the basis of 14
stories.
313.5.4.3 Courts. Courts shall not be less than 3 feet (914 mm)
in width. Courts having windows opening on opposite sides shall
not be less than 6 feet (1829 mm) in width. Courts bounded on
three or more sides by the walls of the building shall not be
less than 10 feet (3048 mm) in length unless bounded on one end
by a public way or yard. For buildings more than two stories in
height, the court shall be increased 1 foot (305 mm) in width and
2 feet (610 mm) in length for each additional story. For
buildings exceeding 14 stories in height, the required dimensions
shall be computed on the basis of 14 stories.
Adequate access shall be provided to the bottom of all
courts for cleaning purposes. Every court more than two stories
in height shall be provided with a horizontal air intake at the
bottom not less than 10 square feet (0.93 m2) in area and leading
to the exterior of the building unless abutting a yard or a
public way. The construction of the air intake shall be as
required for the court walls of the building but in no case less
than one-hour fire resistive.
313.5.4.4 Eaves. Eaves over required windows shall extend no
closer than 30 inches (762 mm) from the side and rear property
lines. See also Sections 503.2 and 705.
313.5.5 Sanitation.
313.5.5.1 General. Sanitation facilities shall comply with
Chapter 29 and the provisions of this section. Any room in which
a water closet is located shall be separated from food
preparation or storage rooms by a self-closing tight-fitting
door.
313.5.5.2 Group LC Occupancies with six or fewer clients. Group
LC Occupancies licensed for six or fewer clients shall be
provided with not less than one water closet, one lavatory and
one bathtub or shower.
313.5.5.3 Group LC Occupancies with more than six clients. Group
LC Occupancies licensed for more than six clients shall provide
not less than one water closet for each 10 male clients, or
fractional part thereof, and not less than one water closet for
each 8 female clients, or fractional part thereof.
In addition, not less than one lavatory shall be provided
for each 12 male clients, or fractional part thereof, and not
less than one lavatory for each 12 female clients, or fractional
part thereof. Where the number of clients of either sex exceeds
12, one lavatory shall be added for each additional 20 males, or
fractional part thereof, and one lavatory shall be added for each
additional 15 females, or fractional part thereof.
In addition, not less than one bathtub or shower shall be
provided for every eight clients, or fractional part thereof. Where there are female clients, one additional bathtub or shower
shall be provided for each 30 female clients, or fractional part
thereof. Where the number of total clients exceeds 150, one
bathtub or shower shall be provided for each 20 clients, or
fractional part thereof, over 150 clients.
313.6 Room Dimensions.
313.6.1 Ceiling Heights. ((Habitable space shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 7 feet 6 inches (2286 mm) except as
otherwise permitted in this section. Kitchens, halls, bathrooms
and toilet compartments may have a ceiling height of not less
than 7 feet (2134 mm) measured to the lowest projection from the
ceiling. Where exposed beam ceiling members are spaced at less
than 48 inches (1219 mm) on center, ceiling height shall be
measured to the bottom of those members. Where exposed beam
ceilings members are spaced at 48 inches (1219 mm) or more on
center, ceiling height shall be measured to the bottom of the
deck supported by these members, provided that the bottom of the
members is not less than 7 feet (2134 mm) above the floor.
If any room in a building has a sloping ceiling, the
prescribed ceiling height for the room is required in only one
half of the area thereof. No portion of the room measuring less
than 5 feet (1524 mm) from the finished floor to the finished
ceiling shall be included in any computation of the minimum area
thereof.
If any room has a furred ceiling, the prescribed ceiling
height is required in two thirds the area thereof, but in no case
shall the height of the furred ceiling be less than 7 feet (2134
mm).)) Habitable rooms, hallways, corridors, bathrooms, toilet
rooms, laundry rooms and basements shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). The required height shall be
measured from the finished floor to the lowest projection from
the ceiling.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Beams and girders spaced not less than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center may project not more than 6 inches (153
mm) below the required ceiling height.
2. Ceilings in basements without habitable spaces may project to within 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) of the
finished floor, and beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions may project to within 6 feet 4 inches (1931 mm)
of the finished floor.
3. Not more than 50 percent of the required floor area of a room or space is permitted to have a sloped ceiling
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in height, with no portion of the required floor area less than 5 feet (1524 mm) in
height.
313.6.2 Floor area. Group LC Occupancies shall have at least one
room which shall have not less than 120 square feet (11.2 m2) of
floor area. Other habitable rooms except kitchens shall have an
area of not less than 70 square feet (6.5 m2).
Portions of a room with a sloped ceiling measuring less than
5 feet (1524 mm) or a flat ceiling measuring less than 7 feet
(2134 mm) from the finished floor to the finished ceiling shall
not be considered as contributing to the minimum habitable area
for that room.
313.6.3 Width. Habitable rooms other than kitchens shall not be
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in any dimension.
313.7 Shaft and Exit Enclosures. Exits shall be enclosed as
specified in Chapter 10.
Elevator shafts, vent shafts, dumbwaiter shafts, clothes
chutes and other vertical openings shall be enclosed and the
enclosure shall be as specified in Section 711.
313.8 Smoke Detectors and Sprinkler Systems.
313.8.1 Smoke detectors.
313.8.1.1 General. Rooms within licensed care facilities that
are used for sleeping purposes shall be provided with smoke
detectors. Detectors shall be installed in accordance with the
approved manufacturer's instructions.
313.8.1.2 Additions, alterations or repairs. When the valuation
of an addition, alteration or repair to a Group LC Occupancy
exceeds $1,000 and a permit is required, or when one or more
sleeping rooms is added or created in an existing Group LC
Occupancy, smoke detectors shall be installed in accordance with
Sections 313.8.1.3 and 313.8.1.4 of this section.
EXCEPTION:
Repairs to the exterior surfaces are exempt from the requirements of this section.
313.8.1.3 Power source. In new construction, required smoke
detectors shall receive their primary power from the building
wiring when such wiring is served from a commercial source and
shall be equipped with a battery backup. The detector shall emit
a signal when the batteries are low. Wiring shall be permanent
and without a disconnecting switch other than those required for
overcurrent protection. Smoke detectors may be solely battery
operated when installed in existing buildings; or in buildings
without commercial power; or in buildings which undergo
alterations, repairs or additions regulated by Section 313.8.1.2.
313.8.1.4 Location. A detector shall be installed in each
sleeping room and at a point centrally located in the corridor or
area giving access to each separate sleeping area. When the
licensed care facility has more than one story or in facilities
with basements, a detector shall be installed on each story and
in the basement. Where a story or basement is split into two or
more levels, the smoke detector shall be installed on the upper
level, except that when the lower level contains a sleeping area,
a detector shall be installed on each level. When sleeping rooms
are on an upper level, the detector shall be placed at the
ceiling of the upper level in close proximity to the stairway. Where the ceiling height of a room open to a hallway serving the
bedrooms exceeds that of the hallway by 24 inches (610 mm) or
more, smoke detectors shall be installed in the hallway and in
the adjacent room. Detectors shall sound an alarm audible in all
sleeping areas of the licensed care facility in which they are
located.
313.8.2 Sprinkler and standpipe systems.
313.8.2.1 Sprinkler Systems. An automatic sprinkler system shall
be installed throughout every licensed care facility three or
more stories in height or licensed for more than 16 clients. Licensed care facilities with 16 or fewer clients, licensed to
provide care for more than two clients who have an evacuation
capability of II or III, shall be provided with an automatic
sprinkler system throughout the facility.
EXCEPTION:
An automatic sprinkler system need not be installed in any licensed care facility licensed for six or fewer
clients regardless of the level of evacuation capability.
Where a sprinkler system is required, a system complying
with UBC Standard 9-1 shall be installed.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. An automatic sprinkler system complying with UBC Standard 9-3 may be installed in buildings of four
stories or less.
2. Where a Group LC Occupancy is being established by change of occupancy in an existing building not
protected by a sprinkler system as is required above for buildings of new construction, an automatic sprinkler
system complying with NFPA Standard 13d may be installed provided the care facility is licensed for not more
than 16 clients.
Residential or quick-response heads shall be used in all
sprinkler systems.
313.8.2.2 Standpipe systems. Standpipe systems shall be provided
where required by Section 904.5.
313.9 Fire Alarm Systems. Group LC Occupancies licensed for more
than 16 clients shall be provided with an approved manual and
automatic fire alarm system. The local alarm shall provide an
alarm signal with a sound pressure level of 15 dBA above the
average ambient sound level in every occupied space within the
building. The minimum sound pressure level shall be 70 dBA. The
maximum sound pressure level shall not exceed 110 dBA at the
minimum hearing distance from the audible appliance.
313.10 Heating. Licensed care facilities shall be provided with
heating facilities capable of maintaining a room temperature of
70°F (21°C) at a point 3 feet (914 mm) above the floor in all
habitable rooms.
313.11 Special Hazards. Chimneys and heating apparatus shall
conform to the requirements of Chapter 31 and the Mechanical
Code.
In Group LC Occupancies licensed for more than six clients,
the storage, use and handling of flammable and combustible
liquids shall be in accordance with the Fire Code. In such
facilities, doors leading into rooms in which Class I flammable
liquids are stored or used shall be protected by a fire assembly
having a one-hour fire-protection rating. Such fire assembly
shall be self-closing and shall be posted with a sign on each
side of the door in 1-inch (25.4 mm) block letters stating: FIRE
DOOR -- KEEP CLOSED.
In Group LC Occupancies licensed for more than 16 clients,
rooms containing a boiler, central heating plant or hot-water
supply boiler shall be separated from the rest of the building by
not less than a one-hour occupancy separation.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0313, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
403.6.1 General. A central control station room for fire
department operations shall be provided. The location, size and
arrangement of the central control station shall be approved by
the authority having jurisdiction. The central control station
room shall be separated from the remainder of the building by not
less than a one-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation. It
shall contain the following as a minimum:
1. The voice alarm and public address system panels.
2. The fire department communications panel.
3. Fire-detection and alarm systems annunciator panels.
4. Annunciator visually indicating the location of the
elevators and whether they are operational.
5. Status indicators and controls for air-handling systems.
6. Controls for unlocking all stairway doors simultaneously.
7. Sprinkler valve and water-flow detector display panels.
8. Emergency and standby power status indicators.
9. A telephone for fire department use with controlled
access to the public telephone system.
10. Fire pump status indicators.
11. Schematic building plans indicating the typical floor
plan and detailing the building core, means of egress,
fire-protection systems, fire fighting equipment and fire
department access.
12. Work table.
403.7 Elevators. Elevators and elevator lobbies shall comply
with the provisions of Chapter 30 and the following:
NOTE:
A bank of elevators is a group of elevators or a single elevator controlled by a common operating system; that
is, all those elevators that respond to a single call button constitute a bank of elevators. There is no limit on the
number of cars that may be in a bank or group, but there may not be more than four cars within a common
hoistway.
1. Elevators on all floors shall open into elevator lobbies
that are separated from the remainder of the building, including
corridors and other means of egress, by walls extending from the
floor to the underside of the fire-resistive floor or roof above.
Such walls shall not be of less than one-hour fire-resistive
construction. Openings through such walls shall conform to
Section 1004.3.4.3.2.
See Section 1004.3.4.5 for exceptions.
2. Each elevator lobby shall be provided with approved smoke
detector(s) installed in accordance with their listings. When
the detector is activated, elevator doors shall not open and all
cars serving that lobby are to return to the main floor and be
under manual control only. If the main floor detector or a
transfer floor detector is activated, all cars serving the main
floor or transfer floor shall return to a location approved by
the fire department and building official and be under manual
control only. The detector may serve to close the lobby doors,
additional doors at the hoistway opening allowed in Section 3007
and smoke dampers serving the lobby.
3. Elevator hoistways shall not be vented through an
elevator machine room. Each elevator machine room shall be
treated as a separate smoke-control zone.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0403, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
804.1 General. The maximum flame-spread class of finish
materials used on interior walls and ceilings shall not exceed
that set forth in Table 8-B.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Except in Group I Occupancies and in enclosed vertical exits, Class III may be used in other means of egress
and rooms as wainscoting extending not more than 48 inches (1219 mm) above the floor and for tack and
bulletin boards covering not more than 5 percent of the gross wall area of the room.
2. In other than suites in Group I, Division 1.1, 1.2 or 2 ((
suites)) complying with Section 1007.5, when a
sprinkler system complying with UBC Standard 9-1 or 9-3 is provided, the flame-spread classification rating
may be reduced one classification, but in no case shall materials having a classification greater than Class III be
used.
3. The exposed faces of Type IV-H.T., structural members and Type IV-H.T., decking and planking, where
otherwise permissible under this code, are excluded from flame-spread requirements.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0804, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Fire-extinguishing systems, including automatic sprinkler
systems, Class I, Class II and Class III standpipe systems,
special automatic extinguishing systems, basement pipe inlets,
smoke-control systems, and smoke and heat vents shall be approved
and shall be subject to such periodic tests as may be required.
The standards listed below labeled a "UBC Standard" are also
listed in Chapter 35, Part II, and are part of this code. The
other standards listed below are recognized standards (see
Sections 3503 and 3504).
| 1. | Fire-extinguishing system. |
| 1.1 | UBC Standard 9-1, Installation of Sprinkler Systems |
| 1.2 | UBC Standard 9-3, Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Group R Occupancies Four Stories or Less |
| 1.3 | NFPA Standard 13D, as published by the National Fire
Protection Association, (( |
| 2. | Standpipe systems. |
| UBC Standard 9-2, Standpipe Systems |
|
| 3 | Smoke control. |
| 3.1 | UBC Standard 7-2, Fire Test of Door Assemblies |
| 3.2 | UL 555, Fire Dampers |
| 3.3 | UL 555C, Ceiling Dampers |
| 3.4 | UL 555S, Leakage Rated Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems |
| 3.5 | UL 33, Heat Response Links for Fire Protection Service |
| 3.6 | UL 353, Limit Controls |
| 4. | Smoke and heat vents. |
| UBC Standard 15-7, Automatic Smoke and Heat Vents |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-0902, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
1003.3.1.1 General (Doors). For the purposes of Section
1003.3.1, the term "exit door" shall mean all of those doors or
doorways along the path of exit travel anywhere in a means of
egress system.
Exit doors serving the means of egress system shall comply
with the requirements of Section 1003.3.1. Where additional
doors are installed for egress purposes, they shall conform to
all requirements of this section. Buildings or structures used
for human occupancy shall have at least one exterior exit door
that meets the requirements of Section 1003.3.1.3. Section
1003.3.1.5 shall apply to all exit doors within an accessible
route, regardless of occupant load.
Exit doors shall be readily distinguishable from the
adjacent construction and shall be easily recognizable as exit
doors. Mirrors or similar reflecting materials shall not be used
on exit doors, and exit doors shall not be concealed by curtains,
drapes, decorations and similar materials.
1003.3.1.2 Special Doors. Revolving, sliding and overhead doors
serving an occupant load of 10 or more shall not be used as
required exit doors. Where revolving or overhead doors or
turnstiles are used, an adjacent accessible gate or door shall be
provided where an accessible route is required by Chapter 11.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Approved revolving doors having leaves that will collapse under opposing pressures may be used, provided
1.1 Such doors have a minimum width of 6 feet 6 inches (1981 mm).
1.2 At least one conforming exit door is located adjacent to each revolving door.
1.3 The revolving door shall not be considered to provide any required width when computing means of egress
width in accordance with Section 1003.2.3.
2. Horizontal sliding doors complying with UBC Standard 7-8 may be used
2.1 In elevator lobby separations.
2.2 In other than Groups A and H Occupancies, where smoke barriers are required.
2.3 In other than Group H Occupancies, where serving an occupant load of less than 50.
Power-operated doors complying with UBC Standard 10-1 may be
used for egress purposes. Such doors, where swinging, shall have
two guide rails installed on the swing side projecting out from
the face of the door jambs for a distance not less than the
widest door leaf. Guide rails shall not be less than 30 inches
(762 mm) in height with solid or mesh panels to prevent
penetration into door swing and shall be capable of resisting a
horizontal load at top of rail of not less than 50 pounds per
lineal foot (730 N/m).
Clearances for guide rails shall be as follows:EXCEPTIONS:
1. Walls or other types of separators may be used in lieu of the above guide rail, provided all the criteria are
met.
2. Guide rails in industrial or commercial occupancies not accessible to the public may comply with the
exception to Section 509.3.
3. Doors swinging toward flow of traffic shall not be permitted unless actuating devices start to function at least
8 feet 11 inches (2718 mm) beyond the door in an open position and guide rails extend 6 feet 5 inches (1956
mm) beyond the door in an open position.
1. Six inches (152 mm) maximum between rails and leading
edge of door at the closest point in its arc of travel.
2. Six inches (152 mm) maximum between rails and the door in
an open position.
3. Two inches (51 mm) minimum between rail at hinge side and
door in an open position.
4. Two inches (51 mm) maximum between freestanding rails and
jamb or other adjacent surface.
1003.3.1.5 Swing and Opening Force. Exit doors serving an
occupant load of 10 or more shall be of the pivoted, balanced or
side-hinged swinging type. Exit doors shall swing in the
direction of the path of exit travel where the area served has an
occupant load of 50 or more. The door shall swing to the fully
open position when an opening force not to exceed 30 pounds
(133.45 N) is applied to the latch side. Within an accessible
route, such force shall not exceed 8.5 pounds (37.8 N) at
exterior doors; and shall not exceed 5 pounds (22.24 N) at
sliding and folding doors and interior swinging doors. At
exterior doors where environmental conditions require greater
closing pressure, power-operated doors shall be used within the
accessible route. For other door-opening forces, see Chapter 11
and Section 905.3. See Section 3207 for doors swinging over
public property.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Group I, Division 3 Occupancy used as a place of detention.
2. In other than accessible dwelling units, doors within or serving an individual dwelling unit.
3. Special door conforming with Section 1003.3.1.2.
4. The opening force at required fire doors within an accessible route may be not greater than 30 pounds
(133.45 N).
Double-acting doors shall not be used as exits where any of the
following conditions exist:
1. The occupant load served by the door is 100 or more.
2. The door is part of a fire assembly.
3. The door is part of a smoke- and draft-control assembly.
4. Panic hardware is required or provided on the door.
A double-acting door shall be provided with a view panel of not
less than 200 square inches (0.129 m2).
1003.3.1.6 Floor Level at Doors. Regardless of the occupant load
served, there shall be a floor or a landing on each side of a
door. Where access for persons with disabilities is required by
Chapter 11, the floor or landing shall not be more than 1/2 inch
(13 mm) lower than the threshold of the doorway. Where such
access is not required, the threshold shall not exceed 1 inch (25
mm). Landings shall be level except that exterior landings, may
have a slope not to exceed 1/4 unit vertical in 12 units
horizontal (2% slope).
1003.3.1.10 Special Egress-control Devices. When approved by the
building official, exit doors in Group B; Group F; Group I,
Divisions 1.1, 1.2 and 2; Group M, Group LC Occupancies, and
Group S Occupancies may be equipped with approved listed special
egress-control devices, provided the building is protected
throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system and an
approved automatic smoke-detection system. Such devices shall
conform to all of the following:EXCEPTIONS:
1. In Group R, Division 3, and Group U Occupancies and within individual units of Group R, Division 1
Occupancies:
1.1. A door may open at the top of an interior flight of stairs, provided the door does not swing over the top
step.
1.2. A door may open at a landing which is not more than 8 inches (203 mm) lower than the floor level,
provided the door does not swing over the landing.
1.3. Screen doors and storm doors may swing over stairs, steps or landings.
2. Doors serving building equipment rooms which are not normally occupied.
3. At exterior sliding doors within accessible dwelling units, the floor or landing may be no more than 3/4 inch
(19 mm) lower than the threshold of the doorway, including the sliding door tracks, provided that an additional
accessible entrance door is provided into the dwelling unit.
1. The egress-control device shall automatically deactivate
upon activation of either the sprinkler system or the
smoke-detection system.
2. The egress-control device shall automatically deactivate
upon loss of electrical power to any one of the following:
2.1 The egress-control device itself.
2.2 The smoke-detection system.
2.3 Means of egress illumination as required by Section
1003.2.9.
3. The egress-control device shall be capable of being
deactivated by a signal from a switch located in an approved
location.
4. An irreversible process which will deactivate the
egress-control device shall be initiated whenever a manual force
of not more than 15 pounds (66.72 N) is applied for two seconds
to the panic bar or other door-latching hardware. The
egress-control device shall deactivate within an approved time
period not to exceed a total of 15 seconds. The time delay
established for each egress-control device shall not be field
adjustable.
5. Actuation of the panic bar or other door-latching
hardware shall activate an audible signal at the door.
6. The unlatching shall not require more than one operation.
A sign shall be provided on the door located above and
within 12 inches (305 mm) of the panic bar or other door-latching
hardware reading:
SECONDS. ALARM WILL SOUND.
Regardless of the means of deactivation, relocking of the
egress-control device shall be by manual means only at the door.
EXCEPTION:
Subject to the approval of the building official, special units for the care of dementia patients in nursing homes
which are identified and approved by the state agency licensing such units, may use special egress-control
devices where a panic bar is not part of the egress-control mechanism.
1003.3.3.1 General (Stairways).
Every stairway having two or more risers serving any building or
portion thereof shall conform to the requirements of Section
1003.3.3. For the purposes of Section 1003.3.3, the term
"stairway" shall include stairs, landings, handrails and
guardrails as applicable. Where aisles in assembly rooms have
steps, they shall conform with the requirements in Section
1004.3.2.
For the purpose of this chapter, the term "step" shall mean those portions of the means of egress achieving a change in elevation by means of a single riser. Individual steps shall comply with the detailed requirements of this chapter which specify applicability to steps.
Stairways located in a building required to be accessible
shall also comply with Chapter 11.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Stairs or ladders used only to attend equipment or window wells are exempt from the requirements of this
section.
2. Stairs or ladders within an individual dwelling unit used to gain access to areas of 200 square feet (18.6 m2)
or less, and not containing the primary bathroom or kitchen, are exempt from the requirements of this section.
1003.3.3.3 Rise and Run. The rise of steps and stairs shall not
be less than 4 inches (102 mm) nor more than 7-œ inches (190 mm).
The greatest riser height within any flight of stairs shall not
exceed the smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm). Except as
permitted in Sections 1003.3.3.8.1, 1003.3.3.8.2 and
1003.3.3.8.3, the run shall not be less than 10 inches (254 mm),
as measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the
furthermost projections of adjacent treads or nosings. Stair
treads shall be of uniform size and shape, except the largest
tread run within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the
smallest by more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).
Where Exception 2 to Section 1103.2.2 is used in a building
design, the run of stair treads shall not be less than 11 inches
(279 mm), as measured horizontally between the vertical planes of
the furthermost projections of adjacent tread. The largest tread
run within any flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by
more than 3/8 inch (9.5 mm).EXCEPTIONS:
1. Private steps and stairways serving an occupant load of less than 10 and stairways to unoccupied roofs may
be constructed with an 8-inch-maximum (203 mm) rise and a 9-inch-minimum (229 mm) run.
2. Where the bottom or top riser adjoins a sloping public way, walk or driveway having an established grade
and serving as a landing, the bottom or top riser may be reduced along the slope.
1003.3.3.6 Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each
side, and every stairway required to be more than 88 inches (2235
mm) in width shall be provided with not less than one
intermediate handrail for each 88 inches (2235 mm) of required
width. Intermediate handrails shall be spaced approximately
equally across the entire width of the stairway.
The top of handrails and handrail extensions shall be placed
not less than 34 inches (864 mm) or more than 38 inches (965 mm)
above landings and the nosing of treads. Handrails shall be
continuous the full length of the stairs and, except for private
stairways, at least one handrail shall extend in the direction of
the stair run not less than 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top
riser nor less than a length equal to one tread depth plus 12
inches (305 mm) beyond the bottom riser. Ends shall be returned
or shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Stairways less than 44 inches (1118 mm) in width or stairways serving one individual dwelling unit in Group
R, Division 1 or 3 Occupancies or a Group R, Division 3 congregate residence may have one handrail. This
exception shall not be used concurrently with the second exception to the first paragraph of Section 1103.2.2.
2. Private stairways 30 inches (762 mm) or less in height may have handrails on one side only. This exception
shall not be used concurrently with the second exception to the first paragraph of Section 1103.2.2.
3. Stairways having less than four risers and serving one individual dwelling unit in Group R, Division 1 or 3,
or a Group R, Division 3 congregate residence or Group U Occupancies need not have handrails.
The handgrip portion of handrails shall not be less than 1
1/4 inches (32 mm) nor more than 2 inches (51 mm) in
cross-sectional dimension or the shape shall provide an
equivalent gripping surface. The handgrip portion of handrails
shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners. Handrails
projecting from a wall shall have a space of not less than 1 1/2
inches (38 mm) between the wall and the handrail.EXCEPTIONS:
1. Private stairways do not require handrail extensions.
2. Handrails may have starting newel posts within the first tread on stairways in Group R, Division 3
Occupancies and within individual dwelling units of Group R, Division 1 Occupancies.
1003.3.3.13 Stairway Identification. Stairway identification
signs shall be located at each floor level in all enclosed
stairways in buildings four or more stories in height. The sign
shall identify the stairway, indicate whether or not there is
roof access, the floor level, and the upper and lower terminus of
the stairway. The sign shall be located approximately 5 feet
(1524 mm) above the landing floor in a position that is readily
visible when the door is in either the open or closed position. Signs shall comply with requirements of U.B.C. Standard 10-2. Each door to a floor level also shall have a tactile sign,
including raised letters and Braille, identifying the floor level
and shall comply with Part II of Chapter 11.
1003.3.4.4 Landings (Ramps). Ramps having slopes steeper than 1
unit vertical in 15 units horizontal (6.7% slope) shall have
landings at the top and bottom, and at least one intermediate
landing shall be provided for each 5 feet (1524 mm) of vertical
rise measured between the horizontal planes of adjacent landings.
Landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of ramp
run of not less than 5 feet (1524 mm). Landings shall provide
maneuvering clearances at doors as required in Chapter 11.
1003.3.4.5 Handrails (Ramps). Ramps having slopes steeper than 1
unit vertical in 15 units horizontal (6.7% slope) shall have
handrails as required for stairways, except that intermediate
handrails shall not be required. At least one handrail shall
extend in the direction of ramp run not less than 12 inches (305
mm) horizontally beyond the top and bottom of the ramp runs. Ramped aisles serving fixed seating shall have handrails as
required in Section 1004.3.2.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1003, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
1004.3.2.3.1 Width. The clear width of aisles shall be based on
the number of fixed seats served by the aisle. The required
width of aisles serving fixed seats shall not be used for any
other purpose.
The clear width of an aisle in inches shall not be less than
the occupant load served by the aisle multiplied by 0.3 for
aisles with slopes greater than 1 unit vertical to 8 units
horizontal (12.5% slope) and not less than 0.2 for aisles with a
slope of 1 unit vertical to 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope) or
less. In addition, when the rise of steps in aisles exceeds 7
inches (178 mm), the aisle clear width shall be increased by 1
1/4 inches (32 mm) for each 100 occupants or fraction thereof
served for each 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) of riser height above 7 inches
(178 mm).
EXCEPTION:
For buildings with smoke-protected assembly seating and for which an approved life-safety evaluation is
conducted, the minimum clear width of aisles and other means of egress may be in accordance with Table
10-D. For Table 10-D, the number of seats specified must be within a single assembly area, and interpolation
shall be permitted between the specified values shown. If Table 10-D is used the minimum clear widths shown
shall be modified in accordance with the following:
1. Where risers exceed 7 inches (178 mm) in height, multiply the stairway width in the tables by factor A,
where:
A = 1 + |
(riser height - 7.0 inches) | (4-1) | |
| 5 | |||
| For SI: | A = 1 + |
(riser height - 178 mm) | |
| 127 |
| Where risers do not exceed 7 inches (178 mm) in height, A = 1. | |
| 2. Stairways not having a handrail within a 30-inch (762 mm) horizontal distance shall be 25 percent wider than otherwise calculated, i.e., multiply by B = 1.25. For all other stairs, B = 1. | |
| 3. Ramps steeper than 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10% slope) where used in ascent shall have their width increased by 10 percent, i.e., multiply by C = 1.10. For ramps not steeper than 1 unit vertical in 10 units horizontal (10% slope), C = 1. Where fixed seats are arranged in rows, the clear width of aisles shall not be less than set forth above or less than the following minimum widths: | |
| 3.1 Forty-eight inches (1219 mm) for stairways having seating on both sides. | |
| 3.2 Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for stairways having seating on one side. | |
| 3.3 Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stairway handrail and seating where the aisles are subdivided by the handrail. | |
| 3.4 Forty-two inches (1067 mm) for level or ramped aisles having seating on both sides. | |
| 3.5 Thirty-six inches (914 mm) for level or ramped aisles having seating on one side. | |
| 3.6 Twenty-three inches (584 mm) between a stairway handrail and seating where an aisle does not serve more
than five rows on one side. |
1004.3.2.5.2 Where required. Aisles with a slope steeper than 1
unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope) shall consist
of a series of risers and treads extending across the entire
width of the aisle, except as provided in Section 1004.3.2.6.
The height of risers shall not be more than 8 inches (203
mm) nor less than 4 inches (102 mm) and the tread run shall not
be less than 11 inches (279 mm). The riser height shall be
uniform within each flight and the tread run shall be uniform
throughout the aisle. Variations in run or height between
adjacent treads or risers shall not exceed 3/16 inch (4.8 mm).
EXCEPTION:
Where the slope of aisle steps and the adjoining seating area is the same, the riser heights may be increased to a
maximum of 9 inches (229 mm) and may be nonuniform, but only to the extent necessitated by changes in the
slope of the adjoining seating area to maintain adequate sight lines. Variations may exceed 3/16 inch (4.8 mm)
between adjacent risers, provided the exact location of such variations is identified with a marking stripe on
each tread at the nosing or leading edge adjacent to the nonuniform riser. The marking stripe shall be
distinctively different from the contrasting marking stripe.
A contrasting marking stripe or other approved marking shall
be provided on each tread at the nosing or leading edge such that
the location of each tread is readily apparent when viewed in
descent. Such stripe shall be a minimum of 1 inch (25 mm) wide
and a maximum of 2 inches (51 mm) wide.
EXCEPTION:
The marking stripe may be omitted where tread surfaces are such that the location of each tread is readily
apparent when viewed in descent.
1004.3.2.6 Ramp Slope. The slope of ramped aisles shall not be
more than 1 unit vertical in 8 units horizontal (12.5% slope). Ramped aisles shall have a slip-resistant surface.
EXCEPTION:
When provided with fixed seating, theaters may have a slope not steeper than 1 unit vertical in 5 units
horizontal (20% slope).
1004.3.2.7 Handrails. Handrails shall comply with the height,
size and shape dimensions set forth in Section 1003.3.3.6, and
ends shall be returned or shall have rounded terminations or
bends. Ramped aisles having a slope steeper than 1 unit vertical
in 15 units horizontal (6.7% slope) and aisle stairs (two or more
adjacent steps) shall have handrails located either at the side
or within the aisle width. Handrails may project into the
required aisle width a distance of 3 1/2 inches (89 mm).
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Handrails may be omitted on ramped aisles having a slope not steeper than 1 unit vertical in 5 units
horizontal (20% slope) and having fixed seats on both sides of the aisle.
2. Handrails may be omitted where a guardrail is at the side of an aisle that conforms to the size and shape
requirements for handrails.
Handrails located within the aisle width shall be
discontinuous with gaps or breaks at intervals not to exceed five
rows. These gaps or breaks shall have a clear width of not less
than 22 inches (559 mm) not more than 36 inches (914 mm) measured
horizontally.
1004.3.4.5 Elevators. Elevators opening into a corridor shall be
provided with an elevator lobby at each floor containing such a
corridor. The lobby shall completely separate the elevators from
the corridor by construction conforming to Section 1004.3.4.3.1
and all openings into the lobby wall contiguous with the corridor
shall be protected as required by Section 1004.3.4.3.2.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In office buildings, separations need not be provided from a street floor lobby, provided the entire street floor
is protected with an automatic sprinkler system.
2. Elevators not required to meet the shaft enclosure requirements of Section 711.
3. When additional doors are provided in accordance with Section 3007. Additional doors shall comply with
Section 1004.3.4.3.2.
4. Where elevator shafts are pressurized in accordance with Section 905, elevator lobbies need not be provided.
5. Elevator lobbies located within an atrium complying with the provisions of Section 402.
6. In fully sprinklered office buildings, corridors may lead through enclosed elevator lobbies if all areas of the
building have access to at least one required means of egress without passing through the elevator lobby.
Elevator lobbies shall comply with Section 3002.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1004, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Section 1103.1 Where Required.
1103.1.1 General. Accessibility to temporary or permanent
buildings or portions thereof shall be provided for all occupancy
classifications except as modified by this chapter. See also
Appendix Chapter 11.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Floors or portions of floors not customarily occupied, including, but not limited to, elevator pits, observation
galleries used primarily for security purposes, elevator penthouses, nonoccupiable spaces accessed only by
ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, narrow passageways, or freight elevators, piping and equipment catwalks and
machinery, mechanical and electrical equipment rooms.
2. Temporary structures, sites and equipment directly associated with the construction process such as
construction site trailers, scaffolding, bridging, or material hoists are not required to be accessible. This
exception does not include walkways or pedestrian protection required by Chapter 30.
1103.1.2 Group A Occupancies.
1103.1.2.1 General. All Group A Occupancies shall be accessible
as provided in this chapter.
EXCEPTION:
In the assembly areas of dining and drinking establishments or religious facilities which are located in
non-elevator buildings; where the area of mezzanine seating is not more than 25 percent of the total seating, an
accessible means of vertical access to the mezzanine is not required, provided that the same services are
provided in an accessible space which is not restricted to use only by persons with disabilities. Comparable
facilities shall be available in all seating areas.
In banquet rooms or spaces where the head table or speaker's
lectern is located on a permanent raised platform, the platform
shall be accessible in compliance with Section 1106. Open edges
on the raised platform shall be protected by a curb with a height
of not less than 2 inches (51 mm).
Stadiums, theaters, auditoriums and similar occupancies
shall provide wheelchair spaces in accordance with Table No.
11-A.
Wheelchair spaces shall be accessible and shall be located
in places with unobstructed sight lines. Wheelchair spaces shall
be reasonably distributed throughout the seating plan and located
on an accessible route of travel. At least one companion fixed
seat shall be provided next to each wheelchair space. Removable
seats shall be permitted in the wheelchair spaces.
In addition, one percent, but not less than one, of all
fixed seats shall be aisle seats with no armrests, or shall have
removable or folding armrests on the aisle side. Each such seat
shall be identified by a sign complying with Section 1106.16.1.1.
An accessible route of travel shall connect wheelchair
seating locations with performance areas, including stages, arena
floors, dressing rooms, locker rooms, and other spaces used by
performers.
1103.1.2.2 Assistive listening devices. Assistive listening
systems complying with Section 1106.21.2 shall be installed in
assembly areas where audible communications are integral to the
use of the space including stadiums, theaters, auditoriums,
lecture halls, and similar areas; where fixed seats are provided,
as follows:
1. Areas with an occupant load of 50 or more.
2. Areas where an audio-amplification system is installed.
Receivers for assistive listening systems shall be provided
at a rate of 4 percent of the total number of seats, but in no
case fewer than two receivers. In other assembly areas, where
permanently installed assistive listening systems are not
provided, electrical outlets shall be provided at a rate of not
less than 4 percent of the total occupant load.
Signage complying with Section 1106.16.1.3 shall be
installed to notify patrons of the availability of the listening
system.
1103.1.3 Group B, F, M and S Occupancies. All Group B, F, M and
S Occupancies shall be accessible as provided in this chapter. Assembly spaces in Group B, F, M and S Occupancies shall comply
with Section 1103.1.2.2.
1103.1.4 Group E Occupancies. All Group E Occupancies shall be
accessible as provided in this chapter. Assembly spaces in Group
E Occupancies shall comply with Section 1103.1.2.2.
1103.1.5 Group H Occupancies. All Group H Occupancies shall be
accessible as provided in this chapter.
1103.1.6 Group I Occupancies. All Group I Occupancies shall be
accessible in all public use, common use, and employee use areas,
and shall have accessible patient rooms, cells, and treatment or
examination rooms as follows:
1. In Group I, Division 1.1 patient care units within
hospitals which specialize in treating conditions that affect
mobility, all patient rooms in each nursing unit including
associated toilet rooms and bathrooms.
2. In Group I, Division 1.1 patient care units within
hospitals which do not specialize in treating conditions that
affect mobility, at least 1 in every 10 patient rooms in each
nursing unit, including associated toilet rooms and bathrooms.
3. In Group I, Division 1.1 and Division 2 nursing homes and
long-term care facilities, at least 1 in every 2 patient rooms,
including associated toilet rooms and bathrooms.
4. In Group I, Division 3 mental health occupancies, at
least 1 in every 10 patient rooms, including associated toilet
rooms and bathrooms.
5. In Group I, Division 3 jail, prison and similar
occupancies, at least 1 in every 100 rooms or cells, including
associated toilet rooms and bathrooms.
6. In Group I Occupancies, all treatment and examination
rooms shall be accessible.
In Group I Division 1.1 and 2 Occupancies, at least one
accessible entrance that complies with Section 1103.2 shall be
under shelter. Every such entrance shall include a passenger
loading zone which complies with Section 1108.2.
1103.1.7 Group U Occupancies. Group U, Division 1 Occupancies
shall be accessible as follows:
1. Private garages and carports which contain accessible
parking serving Type A dwelling units, accessible hotel and
lodging rooms and congregate residences.
2. In Group U, Division 1 agricultural buildings, access
need only be provided to paved work areas and areas open to the
general public.
1103.1.8 Group R Occupancies.
1103.1.8.1 General. All Group R Occupancies shall be accessible
as provided in this chapter. Public- and common-use areas and
facilities such as recreational facilities, laundry facilities,
garbage and recycling collection areas, mailbox locations,
lobbies, foyers, and management offices shall be accessible.
EXCEPTIONS:
Common- or public-use facilities accessory to buildings not required to contain either Type A or Type B
dwelling units in accordance with Section 1103.1.8.2.
1103.1.8.2 Number of dwelling units. In all Group R, Division 1
apartment buildings the total number of Type A dwelling units
shall be as required by Table No. 11-B. All other dwelling units
shall be designed and constructed to the requirements for Type B
units as defined in this chapter.
See also Appendix Chapter 11, Division I.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Group R Occupancies containing no more than three dwelling units need not be accessible.
1103.1.8.3 Hotels and lodging houses. In all hotels and lodging
houses, accessible guest rooms, including associated bathing,
shower, and toilet facilities, shall be provided in accordance
with Table 11-C. In addition, sleeping rooms or suites for
persons with hearing impairments shall be provided in accordance
with Table 11-D. In addition, public- and common-use areas of
all hotels and lodging houses shall be accessible.
2. Dwelling units in Group R, Division 1 apartment buildings which are located on floors other than the ground
floor where no elevator is ((
provided)) required within the building need not comply with standards for Type B
dwelling units; provided:
2.1. Where the ground floor is not a Group R Occupancy, the first level of Group R Occupancy, including
dwelling units, shall be accessible; and
2.2. The number of Type A dwelling units provided shall not be reduced below the number required by Table
No. 11-B. See also Section 1105.3.1.
3. Dwelling units with two or more stories in a non-elevator building need not comply with standards for Type
B dwelling units.
4. For sites where multiple, non-elevator buildings are planned for a single site and where portions of the site
have grades prior to development which exceed 10 percent, the building official may approve the following
modifications:
4.1. Number of Dwelling Units:
4.1.1. The number of Type B dwelling units provided may be reduced to a percentage of the ground floor units
which is equal to the percentage of the entire site having grades prior to development which are 10 percent or
less; but in no case shall the number of Type B dwelling units be less than 20 percent of the ground floor
dwelling units on the entire site; and
4.1.2. The number of Type A dwelling units provided shall not be reduced below the number required by Table
No. 11-B; and
4.2. Both Type A and B dwelling units may be located in the building or buildings located on the portion of the
site where the grade prior to development has slopes of 10 percent or less; and
4.3. Common-use facilities accessory to buildings not required to contain either Type A or B dwelling units in
accordance with Item 4.1.1, above, need not be accessible unless there are no other similar facilities provided
on the site.
EXCEPTION:
Group R, Division 3 lodging houses that are occupied by the owner or proprietor of the lodging house.
Required sleeping rooms for persons with hearing impairments
shall have visible alarms complying with Section 1106.15. Such
rooms shall have installed telephones complying with Section
1106.14.3, and an electrical outlet installed within 48 inches
(1220 mm) of the telephone connection. Such rooms shall have
devices separate from the visible alarm system which provide
visible notification of incoming telephone calls and door bell
actuation.
Where provided in accessible guest rooms the following
facilities shall be accessible: dining areas; kitchens;
kitchenettes; wet bars; patios; balconies; terraces; or similar
facilities.
1103.1.8.4 Proportional distribution. Accessible dwelling units
shall be apportioned among efficiency dwelling units, single
bedroom units and multiple bedroom units, in proportion to the
numbers of such units in the building. Accessible hotel guest
rooms shall be apportioned among the various classes of sleeping
accommodations.
1103.1.8.5 Congregate residences. In congregate residences with
multi-bed rooms or spaces, a percentage equal to the minimum
number of accessible rooms required by Table No. 11-C shall be
accessible in accordance with Section 1106.26.
EXCEPTION:
Congregate residences with 10 or fewer occupants need not be accessible.
1103.1.9 Other parking facilities. Principal use parking
facilities which are not accessory to the use of any building or
structure shall provide accessible spaces in accordance with
Table No. 11-F.
1103.2 Design and Construction.
1103.2.1 General. When accessibility is required by this
chapter, it shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
this chapter.
1103.2.2 Accessible route of travel. When a building, or
portion of a building, is required to be accessible, an
accessible route of travel shall be provided to all portions of
the building, to accessible building entrances, and connecting
the building and the public way. The accessible route of travel
to areas of primary function may serve but shall not pass through
kitchens, storage rooms, toilet rooms, bathrooms, closets, or
other similar spaces.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. A single accessible route shall be permitted to pass through a kitchen or storage room in an accessible
dwelling unit.
Accessible routes of travel serving any accessible space or
element shall also serve as a means of egress for emergencies or
connect to an area of evacuation assistance.
2. An accessible route of travel need not be provided between floor levels, provided that:
All floor levels in the building contain less than 3,000 square feet (278.7 m2) each; or
Where only two floor levels are provided, either floor is less than 3,000 square feet (278.7 m2).
This exception shall not apply to:
2.1. The offices of health care providers; or,
2.2. Transportation facilities and airports; or,
2.3. Buildings owned or leased by government agencies; or
2.4. Multi-tenant Group M retail and wholesale occupancies of five tenant spaces or more.
3. For sites where natural terrain or other unusual property characteristics do not allow the provisions of an
accessible route of travel from the public way to the building, the point of vehicular debarkation may be
substituted for the accessible entrance to the site.
4. In a one story building without a basement, an accessible route of travel need not be provided to mezzanine
floors containing less than 3,000 square feet.
(For Group R, Division 1 occupancies, see Section 1105.3.1.)
Where more than one building or facility is located on a
site, accessible routes of travel shall connect accessible
buildings and accessible site facilities. The accessible route
of travel shall be the most practical direct route connecting
accessible building entrances, accessible site facilities and the
accessible site entrances.
1103.2.3 Primary entrance access. At least 50% of all public
entrances, or a number equal to the number of exits required by
Section 1004.2.3, whichever is greater, shall be accessible. One
of the accessible public entrances shall be the primary entrance
to a building. At least one accessible entrance must be a ground
floor entrance. Public entrances do not include loading or
service entrances.
EXCEPTION:
In Group R, Division 1 apartment buildings only the primary entrance need be accessible, provided that the
primary entrance provides an accessible route of travel to all dwelling units required to be accessible.
Where a building is designed not to have common or primary
entrances, the primary entrance to each individual dwelling unit
required to be accessible, and each individual tenant space,
shall be accessible.
1103.2.4 Signs.
1103.2.4.1 International Symbol of Access. The following
elements and spaces of accessible facilities shall be identified
by the International Symbol of Access:
1. Accessible parking spaces.
2. Accessible entrance when not all entrances are accessible
(inaccessible entrances shall have directional signage to
indicate the route to the nearest accessible entrance).
EXCEPTION:
Individual entrances into dwelling units.
3. Accessible passenger loading zone(s).
4. Accessible toilet and bathing facilities when not all are
accessible.
EXCEPTION:
Toilet and bathing facilities within dwelling units, patient rooms and guest rooms.
At every major junction along or leading to an exterior
accessible route of travel, there shall be a sign displaying the
International Symbol of Access. Signage shall indicate the
direction to accessible entrance and facilities.
See also Sections 1103.1.2.1, 1104.2.5 and 1106.24.3.
1103.2.4.2 Other signs. Where provided, signs which identify
permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with Sections 1106.16.2,
1106.16.3 and 1106.16.5. Where provided, other signs which
provide direction to or information about the building or portion
of a building shall comply with Sections 1106.16.3 and 1106.16.4.
EXCEPTION:
Building directories and all temporary signs.
In hotels and lodging houses, a list of accessible guest
rooms shall be posted permanently in a location not visible to
the general public, for staff use at each reception or check-in
desk.
In assembly areas, a sign notifying the general public of
the availability of accessible seating and assistive listening
systems shall be provided at ticket offices or similar locations.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1103, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Section 1104.1 General. In buildings or portions of buildings
required to be accessible, accessible means of egress shall be
provided in the same number as required for exits by Chapter 10. When an exit required by Chapter 10 is not accessible, an area
for evacuation assistance shall be provided.
EXCEPTION:
Areas of evacuation assistance are not required in buildings ((
where an approved, automatic fire-extinguishing
system is)) having a supervised automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with U.B.C. Standard No.
9-1((, provided that quick-response sprinkler heads are used where allowed by the standard; and that a written
fire- and life-safety emergency plan, which specifically addresses the evacuation of persons with disabilities, is
approved by the building official and the fire chief)).
Every area for evacuation assistance shall comply with the
requirements of this code and shall adjoin an accessible route of
travel which shall comply with Section 1106.
1104.2 Areas for Evacuation Assistance.
1104.2.1 Location and construction. An area for evacuation
assistance shall be one of the following:
1. A portion of a landing within a smokeproof enclosure,
complying with Section 1005.3.3.
2. A portion of an exterior exit balcony, located
immediately adjacent to an exit stairway, when the exterior exit
balcony complies with Section 1006.3.2. Openings to the interior
of the building located within 20 feet (6096 mm) of the area for
evacuation assistance shall be protected with fire assemblies
having a three-fourths-hour fire-protection rating.
3. A portion of a one-hour fire-resistive corridor complying
with Sections 1004.3.4.3, 1004.3.4.3.1 and 1004.3.4.3.2 located
immediately adjacent to an exit enclosure.
4. A vestibule located immediately adjacent to an exit
enclosure and constructed to the same fire-resistive standards as
required by Section 1004.3.4.3, 1004.3.4.3.1 and 1004.3.4.3.2.
5. A portion of a stairway landing within an exit enclosure
which is vented to the exterior and is separated from the
interior of the building by not less than one-hour fire-resistive
door assemblies.
6. When approved by the building official, an area or room
which is separated from other portions of the building by a smoke
barrier. Smoke barriers shall have a fire-resistive rating of
not less than one hour and shall completely enclose the area or
room. Doors in the smoke barrier shall be tight-fitting
smoke-and draft-control assemblies having a fire-protection
rating of not less than 20 minutes and shall be self-closing or
automatic closing. The area or room shall be provided with an
exit directly to an exit enclosure. When the room or area exits
into an exit enclosure which is required to be of more than
one-hour fire-resistive construction, the room or area shall have
the same fire-resistive construction, including the same opening
protection, as required for the adjacent exit enclosure.
7. An elevator lobby complying with Section 1104.4.
1104.2.2 Size. Each area for evacuation assistance shall
provide at least two wheelchair spaces not smaller than 30 inches
by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220 mm) for each space. The area for
evacuation assistance shall not encroach on any required exit
width. The total number of such wheelchair spaces per story
shall not be less than 1 for every 200 persons of calculated
occupant load served by the area for evacuation assistance.
EXCEPTION:
The building official may reduce the minimum number of 30-inch (760 mm) by 48-inch (1220 mm) areas to
one for each area for evacuation assistance on floors where the occupant load is less than 200.
1104.2.3 Stairway width. Each stairway adjacent to an area for
evacuation assistance shall have a minimum clear width of 48
inches (1220 mm) between handrails.
1104.2.4 Two-way communication. A telephone with controlled
access to a public telephone system or another method of two-way
communication shall be provided between each area for evacuation
assistance and the primary entrance. The telephone or other
two-way communication system shall be located with the reach
ranges specified in Section 1106.2.4. The fire department may
approve location other than the primary entrance. The
communication system shall not require voice communication.
1104.2.5 Identification. Each area for evacuation assistance
shall be identified by a sign which states: AREA FOR EVACUATION
ASSISTANCE and the International Symbol of Access. The sign
shall be illuminated when exit sign illumination is required. The sign shall comply with Sections 1003.2.8.4 and 1003.2.8.5. In each area for evacuation assistance, instructions on the use
of the area under emergency conditions shall be posted adjoining
the two-way communication system.
1104.3 Accessible Exits. All exterior exits which are located
adjacent to accessible areas and within 6 inches (152 mm) of
grade shall be accessible.
1104.4 Area for Evacuation Assistance, High-Rise Alternative.
Within a building of any height or occupancy, constructed in
accordance with the requirements of Section 403, an area for
evacuation assistance may be located in the elevator lobby, or
adjacent to the elevator where no lobby is required, when:
1. The area for evacuation assistance complies with the
requirements for size, two-way communication and identification
as specified in Section 1104.2; and,
2. Elevator shafts are pressurized as required for
smokeproof enclosures in Section 1005.3.3. Such pressurization
system shall be activated by smoke detectors on each floor
located in a manner approved by the building official. Pressurization equipment and its ductwork within the building
shall be separated from other portions of the building by a
minimum of two-hour fire-resistive construction.
3. The manager of the building has established and maintains
a written fire- and life-safety emergency plan which, in addition
to other provisions, shall specifically address the evacuation of
persons with disabilities. Such plan shall be approved by the
building official and the fire chief.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1104, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Section 1105.1 General. Where buildings are required to be
accessible, building facilities shall be accessible to persons
with disabilities as provided in this section. For Group R,
Division 1 apartment buildings, where specific floors of a
building are required to be accessible, the requirements shall
apply only to the facilities located on accessible floors.
All building facilities or elements required by this section
to be accessible shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with Section 1106.
1105.2 Bathing and Toilet Facilities.
1105.2.1 Bathing facilities. When bathing facilities are
provided, at least 2 percent, but not less than 1, bathtub or
shower shall be accessible. In dwelling units where a separate
bathtub and shower are provided in the same room, at least one
shall be accessible.
1105.2.2 Toilet facilities. Toilet facilities located within
accessible dwelling units, guest rooms, and congregate residences
shall comply with Sections 1106.11 and 1106.27.
EXCEPTION:
Within accessible dwelling units, only one toilet facility need be accessible.
In each toilet facility in other occupancies, at least one
wheelchair accessible toilet stall with an accessible water
closet shall be provided. In addition, when there are 6 or more
water closets within a toilet facility, at least one ambulatory
accessible toilet stall complying with Section 1106.11.4 shall
also be installed.
Where urinals are provided, at least one urinal shall be
accessible.
1105.2.3 Lavatories, mirrors and towel fixtures. At least one
accessible lavatory shall be provided within any toilet facility.
Where mirrors, towel fixtures and other toilet and bathroom
accessories are provided, at least one of each shall be
accessible.
1105.2.4 Adaptable fixtures in dwelling units. See Section
1106.27.2 for adaptable fixtures in dwelling units.
1105.3 Elevators, Platform Lifts and Stairways.
1105.3.1 Elevators.
1105.3.1.1 Where required. In multi-story buildings or portions
thereof required to be accessible by Section 1103, at least one
elevator shall serve each level, including mezzanines. Other
than within an individual dwelling unit, where an elevator is
provided but not required, it shall be accessible.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In Group R, Division 1 apartment occupancies, an elevator is not required where accessible dwelling units
and guest rooms are accessible by ramp or by grade level route of travel.
1105.3.1.2 Design. All elevators shall be accessible.
2. In a building of fewer than three stories, an elevator is not required where ramps, grade-level entrances or
accessible horizontal exits from an adjacent building, are provided to each floor.
3. In multi-story parking garages, an elevator is not required where an accessible route of travel is provided
from accessible parking spaces on levels with accessible horizontal connections to the primary building served.
4. In Group R, Division 1 hotels and lodging houses, less than 3 stories in height, an elevator is not required,
provided that all accessible guest rooms are located on the ground floor.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Private elevators serving only one dwelling unit.
Elevators required to be accessible shall be designed and
constructed to comply with Chapter 296-81 of the Washington
Administrative Code.
2. Where more than one elevator is provided in the building, elevators used exclusively for movement of
freight.
1105.3.2 Platform lifts. Platform lifts may be used in lieu of
an elevator under one of the following conditions subject to
approval by the building official:
1. To provide an accessible route of travel to a performing
area in a Group A Occupancy; or,
2. To provide unobstructed sight lines and distribution for
wheelchair viewing positions in Group A Occupancies; or
3. To provide access to spaces with an occupant load of less
than 5 that are not open to the public; or,
4. To provide access where existing site or other
constraints make use of a ramp or elevator infeasible.
All platform lifts used in lieu of an elevator shall be
capable of independent operation and shall comply with Chapter
296-81 of the Washington Administrative Code.
1105.3.3 Stairways. Stairways shall comply with Section 1106.9.
1105.4 Other Building Facilities.
1105.4.1 Water fountains. On any floor where water fountains
are provided, at least 50 percent, but in no case less than one
fountain, shall be accessible complying with Section 1106.13 and
at least one fountain shall be mounted at a standard height.
1105.4.2 Telephones. On any floor where public telephones are
provided at least one telephone shall be accessible. On any
floor where 2 or more banks of multiple telephones are provided,
at least one telephone in each bank shall be accessible and at
least one telephone per floor shall be designed to allow forward
reach complying with Section 1106.2.4.5.
Where any bank of public telephones consists of 3 or more
telephones, at least one telephone in each bank shall be equipped
with a shelf and electrical outlet complying with Section
1106.14.7.
All accessible telephones and at least 25 percent of all
other public telephones, but in no case less than one, shall be
provided with volume controls in accordance with Section
1106.14.3 and shall be dispersed among the public telephones
provided in the building.
Where four or more public telephones are provided at a
building site, and at least one is in an interior location, at
least one interior telephone shall be a text telephone in
accordance with Section 1106.14.
Where interior public pay phones are provided in
transportation facilities; assembly and similar areas including
stadiums and arenas; convention centers; hotels with convention
facilities; or covered malls; or in or adjacent to hospital
emergency, recovery, or waiting rooms; at least one interior text
telephone shall be provided.
1105.4.3 Kitchens. Kitchens within accessible dwelling units
shall be designed in accordance with Sections 1106.12 and
1106.27.
EXCEPTION:
Kitchens in Type B dwelling units need not comply with Section 1106.12.1 (See Section 1106.27.1).
Kitchens, kitchenettes, or wet bars in other than dwelling
units, which are provided accessory to a sleeping room, guest
room, or suite, shall be designed in accordance with Section
1106. Countertops and sinks shall be no more than 34 inches (865
mm) above the finished floor. At least 50 percent of shelf space
in cabinets and appliances shall be within the reach ranges of
Section 1106.2.4.
1105.4.4 Recreation facilities. Where common- or public-use
recreational facilities, swimming pools, hot tubs, spas, and
similar facilities are provided, they shall be accessible. Swimming pools shall be accessible by transfer tier, hydraulic
chair, ramp, or other means. Hot tubs and spas need be
accessible only to the edge of the facility.
EXCEPTION:
For Group R, Division 1 apartment occupancies, common- or public-use facilities accessory to buildings not
required to contain either Type A or Type B dwelling units in accordance with Section 1103.1.8.2.
1105.4.5 Fixed or built-in seating or tables. Where fixed or
built-in seating or tables are provided, at least 5 percent, but
no fewer than one, shall be accessible. Accessible fixed or
built-in seating or tables shall comply with Section 1106.19. In
eating and drinking establishments, such seating or tables shall
be distributed throughout the facility.
1105.4.6 Storage facilities. In other than Group R, Division 1
apartment buildings, where fixed or built-in storage facilities
such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in
accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided shall
contain storage space complying with Section 1106.18.
1105.4.7 Customer service facilities.
1105.4.7.1 Dressing and fitting rooms. Where dressing or
fitting rooms are provided for use by the general public,
patients, customers or employees, 5 percent, but not less than
one, in each group of rooms serving distinct and different
functions shall be accessible in accordance with Section 1106.24.
1105.4.7.2 Counters and windows. Where customer sales and
service counters or windows are provided, a portion of the
counter, or at least one window, shall be accessible in
accordance with Section 1106.24.2.
1105.4.7.3 Shelving and display. Self-service shelves or
display units in retail occupancies shall be located on an
accessible route of travel in accordance with Section 1103.2.2. Not all self-service shelves and display units need be located
within reach ranges required by Section 1106.2.4.
1105.4.7.4 Check-out aisles. Accessible check-out aisles shall
be installed in accordance with Table No. 11-E and Section
1106.24.3.
1105.4.7.5 Food service lines. Where self-service shelves are
provided in dining and drinking establishments, at least 50
percent of each type shall comply with Sections 1106.2 and
1106.22.
1105.4.8 Controls, operating mechanisms, and hardware.
Controls, operating mechanisms, and hardware, including; switches
that control lighting, ventilation or electrical outlets; in
accessible spaces, along accessible routes or as parts of
accessible elements, shall comply with Section 1106.3.
1105.4.9 Alarms. Where provided, alarm systems shall include
both audible and visible alarms. Visible alarm devices shall be
located in all assembly areas; common-use areas, including toilet
rooms and bathing facilities; hallways and lobbies; and hotel
guest rooms as required by Section 1103.1.8.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Alarm systems in Group I, Division 1.1 and 2 Occupancies may be modified to suit standard health care
design practice.
2. Visible alarms are not required in Group R, Division 1 apartment buildings.
3. Visible alarms are not required in employee assigned work areas, whether they are single or multiple work
stations.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1105, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Section 1106.1 General. Where accessibility is required by this
chapter, buildings and facilities shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with this section, unless otherwise
specified in this chapter.
1106.2 Space Allowance and Reach Ranges.
1106.2.1 Wheelchair passage width. The minimum clear width for
single wheelchair passage shall be 36 inches (915 mm). The
minimum width for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 inches (1525 mm).
EXCEPTION:
The minimum width for single wheelchair passage may be 32 inches (815 mm) for a maximum distance of 24
inches (610 mm).
1106.2.2 Wheelchair turning spaces. Wheelchair turning spaces
shall be designed and constructed to satisfy one of the following
requirements:
1. A turning space not less than 60 inches (1525 mm) in
diameter; or,
2. A turning space at T-shaped intersections or within a
room, where the minimum width is not less than 36 inches (915
mm). Each segment of the T shall be clear of obstructions not
less than 24 inches (610 mm) in each direction.
Wheelchair turning space may include knee and toe clearance
in accordance with Section 1106.2.4.3.
1106.2.3 Unobstructed floor space. A floor space, including the
vertical space above such floor space, which is free of any
physical obstruction including door swings, to a height of 29
inches (737 mm). Where a pair of doors occurs, the swing of the
inactive leaf may be considered to be unobstructed floor space. Unobstructed floor space may include toe spaces that are a
minimum of 9 inches (230 mm) in height and not more than 6 inches
(152 mm) in depth.
1106.2.4 Clear floor or ground spaces and maneuvering clearance
space for wheelchairs.
1106.2.4.1 Size. The minimum clear floor or ground space
required to accommodate a single, stationary wheelchair occupant
shall be not less than 30 inches (760 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm).
1106.2.4.2 Approach. Wheelchair spaces shall be designed to
allow for forward or parallel approach to an accessible feature.
1106.2.4.3 Knee and toe clearances. Spaces under obstructions,
work surfaces or fixtures may be included in the clear floor or
ground space provided that they are at least 30 inches (760 mm)
in width, a minimum of 27 inches (685 mm) in height, and not
greater than 25 inches (635 mm) in depth. Toe spaces under
obstructions, work surfaces or fixtures which comply with the
requirements for unobstructed floor space may be included in the
clear floor or ground space.
1106.2.4.4 Approach to wheelchair spaces. One full unobstructed
side of the clear floor or ground space for a wheelchair shall
adjoin or overlap an accessible route of travel, or shall adjoin
another wheelchair clear space. Clear space located in an alcove
or otherwise confined on all or part of three sides shall be not
less than 36 inches (915 mm) in width where forward approach is
provided, or 60 inches (1525 mm) in width where parallel approach
is provided.
1106.2.4.5 Forward reach. Where the clear floor space allows
only forward approach to an object, the maximum forward reach
allowed shall not be higher than 48 inches (1220 mm). Reach
obstructions 20 inches (510 mm) or less in depth may project into
the clear space provided that knee clearance is maintained in
accordance with Section 1106.2.4.3. Reach obstructions greater
than 20 inches (510 mm) in depth may project into the clear space
provided that the reach obstruction shall not exceed 25 inches
(635 mm) in depth and the maximum forward reach shall not exceed
44 inches (1118 mm) in height. The minimum low forward reach
shall not be lower than 15 inches (380 mm).
1106.2.4.6 Side reach. Where the clear floor space allows
parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair, the maximum high
side reach allowed shall not be higher than ((54 inches (1370
mm))) 48 inches (1219 mm). Obstructions no greater than 34
inches (865 mm) in height and no more than 24 inches (610 mm) in
depth may be located in the side reach area provided that when
such obstructions are present, the side reach shall not exceed 46
inches (1170 mm) in height. The minimum low side reach shall not
be lower than 9 inches (230 mm).
1106.3 Controls and Hardware.
1106.3.1 Operation. Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other
operating devices on doors, windows, cabinets, plumbing fixtures,
and storage facilities, shall have a lever or other shape which
will permit operation by wrist or arm pressure and which does not
require tight grasping, pinching or twisting to operate. Doors
shall comply with Section 1003.3.1.5.
The force to activate controls on lavatories and water
fountains and flush valves on water closets and urinals shall not
be greater than 5 pounds (22.2 N).
1106.3.2 Mounting heights. The highest operable part of
environmental and other controls, dispensers, receptacles, and
other operable equipment shall be within at least one of the
reach ranges specified in Section 1106.2.4, and not less than 36
inches (915 mm) above the floor. Electrical and communications
system receptacles on walls shall be mounted a minimum of 15
inches (380 mm) above the floor. Door hardware shall be mounted
at not less than 36 inches (915 mm) and not more than 48 inches
(1220 mm) above the floor.
1106.3.3 Clear floor space. Clear floor space that allows a
forward or a side approach shall be provided at all controls or
hardware.
1106.4 Accessible Route of Travel.
1106.4.1 Width. The minimum clear width of an accessible route
of travel shall be 36 inches (915 mm) except at doors (see
Section 1106.10.2). Where an accessible route includes a 180
degree turn around an obstruction which is less than 48 inches
(1220 mm) in width, the clear width of the accessible route of
travel around the obstruction shall be 42 inches (1065 mm)
minimum. For exterior accessible routes of travel, the minimum
clear width shall be 44 inches (1118 mm).
EXCEPTION:
The minimum width for single wheelchair passage may be 32 inches (815 mm) for a maximum distance of 24
inches (610 mm).
Where an accessible route of travel is less than 60 inches
(1525 mm) in width, passing spaces at least 60 inches (1525 mm)
by 60 inches (1525 mm) shall be located at intervals not to
exceed 200 feet (61 m). A T-shaped intersection of two corridors
or walks may be used as a passing space.
1106.4.2 Height. Accessible routes shall have a clear height of
not less than 79 inches (2007 mm). Where the vertical clearance
of an area adjoining an accessible route of travel is less than
79 inches (2007 mm) but more than 27 inches (685 mm), a
continuous permanent barrier shall be installed to prevent
traffic into such areas of reduced clearance.
1106.4.3 Slope. An accessible route of travel shall have a
running slope not greater than 1 vertical in 12 horizontal. An
accessible route of travel with a running slope greater than 1
vertical in 20 horizontal shall comply with Section 1106.8. Cross slopes of an accessible route of travel shall not exceed 1
vertical in 48 horizontal.
1106.4.4 Changes in level. Changes in level along an accessible
route of travel shall comply with Section 1106.6. Stairs or
escalators shall not be part of an accessible route of travel. Any raised area within an accessible route of travel shall be cut
through to maintain a level route or shall have curb ramps at
both sides and a level area not less than 48 inches (1220 mm)
long connecting the ramps.
1106.4.5 Surfaces.
1106.4.5.1 General. All floor and ground surfaces in an
accessible route of travel shall comply with Section 1106.7.
1106.4.5.2 Detectable warnings. Curb ramps shall have
detectable warnings complying with Section 1106.17. Detectable
warnings shall extend the full width and depth of the curb ramp.
1106.4.6 Illumination. Illumination shall be provided along an
exterior accessible route of travel at any time the building is
occupied, with an intensity of not less than one footcandle
(10.76 lx) on the surface of the route.
1106.4.7 Curb ramps.
1106.4.7.1 Slope. Slopes of curb ramps shall comply with
Section 1106.8. Transitions from ramps to walks, gutters, or
vehicular ways shall be flush and free of abrupt changes in
height. Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters and road surfaces
immediately adjacent to the curb ramp or accessible route of
travel shall not exceed 1 vertical in 20 horizontal.
1106.4.7.2 Width. Curb ramps shall be not less than 36 inches
(915 mm) in width, exclusive of the required side slopes.
1106.4.7.3 Side slopes of curb ramps. Curb ramps located where
pedestrians must walk across the ramp, or where not protected by
handrails or guardrails, shall have sloped sides. The maximum
side slope shall be 1 vertical in 10 horizontal. Curb ramps with
returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would not normally
walk across the ramp.
EXCEPTION:
Where the width of the walking surface at the top of the ramp and parallel to the run of the ramp is less than 48
inches (1220 mm), the maximum side slope shall be 1 vertical in 12 horizontal.
1106.4.7.4 Location. Built-up curb ramps shall be located so as
not to project into vehicular ways nor be located within
accessible parking spaces.
1106.4.7.5 Obstructions. Curb ramps shall be located or
protected to prevent their obstruction by parked vehicles.
1106.4.7.6 Location at marked cross walks. Curb ramps at marked
cross walks shall be wholly contained within the markings,
excluding any sloped sides.
1106.4.7.7 Orientation. Curb ramps shall be oriented in the
same direction as pedestrian flow of crosswalks; diagonally
oriented curb ramps are prohibited.
1106.4.8 Vehicular areas. Where an accessible route of travel
crosses or adjoins a vehicular way, and where there are no curbs,
railings or other elements which separate the pedestrian and
vehicular areas, and which are detectable by a person who has a
severe vision impairment, the boundary between the areas shall be
defined by a continuous detectable warning not less than 36
inches (915 mm) wide, complying with Section 1106.17.
1106.5 Protruding Objects. Protruding objects shall not reduce
the clear width of a route of travel or maneuvering space. Any
wall- or post-mounted object with its leading edge between 27
inches (685 mm) and 79 inches (2007 mm) above the floor may
project not more than 4 inches (102 mm) into a route of travel,
corridor, passageway, or aisle. Any wall- or post-mounted
projection greater than 4 inches (102 mm) shall extend to the
floor.
1106.6 Changes in Level. Accessible routes of travel and
accessible spaces within buildings shall have continuous common
floor or ramp surfaces. Abrupt change in height greater than 1/4
inch (6 mm) shall be beveled to 1 vertical in 2 horizontal. Changes in level greater than 1/2 inch (13 mm) shall be
accomplished by means of a ramp meeting the requirements of
Section 1106.8, a curb ramp meeting the requirements of Section
1106.4.7, or an elevator or platform lift meeting the
requirements of Section 1105.3. For Type B dwelling units, see
also Section 1106.27.
1106.7 Floor Coverings and Surface Treatments.
1106.7.1 General. All surfaces shall be firm and stable.
1106.7.2 Carpeting. Carpeting and floor mats in accessible
areas shall be securely fastened to the underlying surface, and
shall provide a firm, stable, continuous, and relatively smooth
surface.
1106.7.3 Slip-resistant surfaces. Showers; locker rooms;
swimming pool, spa, and hot tub decks; toilet rooms; and other
areas subject to wet conditions shall have slip-resistant floors.
Exterior accessible routes of travel shall have
slip-resistant surfaces.
1106.7.4 Grates. Within an accessible route of travel, grates
shall have openings not more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) in one
direction. Where grates have elongated openings, they shall be
placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the
dominant direction of travel. The maximum vertical surface
change shall be 1/8 inch (3 mm).
1106.7.5 Expansion and construction joints. Expansion and
construction joints in exterior routes of travel shall have a
width of not more than 1/2 inch (13 mm), shall be filled with a
firm, compressible, elastic material, and shall be substantially
level with the surface of the accessible route of travel.
1106.8 Ramps.
1106.8.1 General. Ramps required to be accessible shall comply
with Section 1003.3.4 and the provisions of this section. No
ramp shall change direction between landings, except ramps with
an inside radius of 30 feet (9144 mm) or greater.
1106.8.2 Slope and rise. The maximum slope of a ramp shall be 1
vertical in 12 horizontal. The maximum rise for any run shall be
30 inches (760 mm).
1106.8.3 Width. The minimum width of a ramp shall be not less
than 36 inches (915 mm) for interior ramps and 44 inches (1118
mm) for exterior ramps.
1106.8.4 Landings. Ramps within the accessible route of travel
shall have landings at the top and bottom, and at least one
intermediate landing shall be provided for each 30 inches (760
mm) of rise. Landings shall be level and have a minimum
dimension measured in the direction of ramp run of not less than
60 inches (1525 mm). Where the ramp changes direction at a
landing, the landing shall be not less than 60 inches (1525 mm)
by 60 inches (1525 mm). The width of any landing shall be not
less than the width of the ramp.
1106.8.5 Handrails. Ramps having slopes steeper than 1 vertical
to 20 horizontal shall have handrails as required for stairways,
except that intermediate handrails as required in Section
1003.3.3.6 are not required. Handrails shall be continuous
provided that they shall not be required at any point of access
along the ramp, nor at any curb ramp. Handrails shall extend at
least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the top and bottom of any ramp
run.
EXCEPTION:
Ramps having a rise less than or equal to 6 inches (152 mm), or a run less than or equal to 72 inches (1830
mm), need not have handrails.
1106.8.6 Exterior ramps. Exposed ramps and their approaches
shall be constructed to prevent the accumulation of water on
walking surfaces.
1106.8.7 Edge protection. Any portion of the edge of a ramp
with a slope greater than 1 vertical in 20 horizontal, or landing
which is more than 1/2 inch (13 mm) above the adjacent grade or
floor, shall be provided with edge protection in accordance with
the following:
1. Walls and Curbs. When used, walls or curbs shall be not
less than 2 inches (51 mm) in height above the surface of the
accessible route of travel.
2. Railings. When used, railings shall comply with Section
1106.8.5 and also shall have one of the following features:
2.1. An intermediate rail mounted 17 to 19 inches (430 to
485 mm) above the ramp or landing surface, or
2.2. A guardrail complying with Section 509.
1106.9 Stairways.
1106.9.1 General. Stairways required to be accessible shall
comply with Section 1003.3.3 and provisions of this section.
1106.9.2 Open risers. Open risers shall not be permitted.
EXCEPTION:
Stairways in Group R, Division 1 apartment buildings may have open risers.
1106.9.3 Nosings. Stair nosings shall be flush, slip-resistant,
and rounded to a radius of 1/2 inch (13 mm) maximum. Risers
shall be sloped, or the underside of the nosing shall have an
angle of not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal. Nosings
shall project no more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm).
1106.9.4 Exterior stairways. Exposed stairways and their
approaches shall be constructed to prevent the accumulation of
water on walking surfaces.
1106.10 Doors.
1106.10.1 General. Doors required to be accessible shall comply
with Section 1003.3.1 and with provisions of this section. For
the purpose of this section, gates shall be considered to be
doors. An accessible gate or door shall be provided adjacent to
any turnstile or revolving door. Where doorways have two
independently operated door leaves, then at least one leaf shall
comply with this section.
1106.10.2 Clear width. Doors shall be capable of being opened
so that the clear width of the opening is not less than 32 inches
(815 mm).
EXCEPTION:
Doors not requiring full user passage, such as shallow closets, may have a clear opening of not less than 20
inches (510 mm).
1106.10.3 Maneuvering clearances at doors. Except as provided
in Section 1106.27, all doors shall have minimum maneuvering
clearances as follows:
1. For a forward approach, where a door must be pulled to be
opened, an unobstructed floor space shall extend at least 18
inches (455 mm) beyond the strike jamb and extend at least 60
inches (1525 mm) perpendicular to the doorway.
2. For a forward approach, where a door must be pushed to be
opened and is equipped with a closer and a latch, an unobstructed
floor space shall extend at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the
strike jamb and extend at least 48 inches (1220 mm) perpendicular
to the doorway.
3. For a forward approach, where a door must be pushed to be
opened and is not equipped with a closer and a latch, an
unobstructed floor space shall be at least the width of the
doorway and extend at least 48 inches (1220 mm) perpendicular to
the doorway.
4. For a hinge side approach, where a door must be pulled to
be opened, an unobstructed floor space shall extend at least 36
inches (915 mm) beyond the latch side of the door and at least 60
inches (1525 mm) perpendicular to the doorway, or shall have an
unobstructed floor space that extends at least 42 inches (1065
mm) beyond the latch side of the door and at least 54 inches
(1370 mm) perpendicular to the doorway.
5. For a hinge side approach, where a door must be pushed to
be opened and is not equipped with both a closer and a latch, an
unobstructed floor space, measured from the latch side, shall
extend across the width of the doorway and beyond the hinge side
of the door for a total width of not less than 54 inches (1370
mm); and at least 42 inches (1065 mm) perpendicular to the
doorway.
6. For a hinge side approach, where a door must be pushed to
be opened and is equipped with both latch and closer, an
unobstructed floor space, measured from the latch side, shall
extend across the width of the doorway and beyond the hinge side
of the door for a total width of not less than 54 inches (1370
mm); and at least 48 inches (1220 mm) perpendicular to the
doorway.
7. For a latch side approach, where a door must be pulled to
be opened and is equipped with a closer, an unobstructed floor
space shall extend at least 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the latch
side of the door and at least 54 inches (1370 mm) perpendicular
to the doorway.
8. For a latch side approach, where a door must be pulled to
be opened and is not equipped with a closer, an unobstructed
floor space shall extend at least 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the
latch side of the door and at least 48 inches (1220 mm)
perpendicular to the doorway.
9. For a latch side approach, where a door must be pushed to
be opened and is equipped with a closer, an unobstructed floor
space shall extend at least 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the latch
side of the door and at least 48 inches (1370 mm) perpendicular
to the doorway.
10. For a latch side approach, where a door must be pushed
to be opened and is not equipped with a closer, an unobstructed
floor space shall extend at least 24 inches (610 mm) parallel to
the doorway, beyond the latch side of the door and at least 42
inches (1065 mm) perpendicular to the doorway.
11. For a forward approach, to a sliding or folding door, an
unobstructed floor space shall extend the same width as the door
opening and at least 48 inches (1220 mm) perpendicular to the
doorway.
12. For a slide side approach to a sliding or folding door,
an unobstructed floor space, measured from the latch side, shall
extend across the width of the doorway and beyond the slide side
of the door for a total width of not less than 54 inches (1370
mm); and at least 42 inches (1065 mm) perpendicular to the
doorway.
13. For a latch side approach to a sliding or folding door,
an unobstructed floor space shall extend at least 24 inches (610
mm) beyond the latch side of the door and at least 42 inches
(1065 mm) perpendicular to the doorway.
14. Where two doors are in series, the minimum distance
between two hinged or pivoted doors shall be 48 inches (1220 mm),
in addition to any area needed for door swing. Doors in series
shall swing either in the same direction, or away from the space
between the doors.
15. All doors in alcoves shall comply with the requirement
for a forward approach.
1106.10.4 Thresholds at doors. Thresholds at doors shall comply
with Section 1106.6.
EXCEPTION:
In dwelling units, exterior doors other than the accessible entrance to a dwelling unit, may be sliding doors with
thresholds not exceeding 3/4 inch (19 mm).
1106.10.5 Automatic and power-assisted doors. Door-closers or
power-operators shall be operable as required by Section
1003.3.1.2.
EXCEPTION:
Floor pad or electric eye actuated power-operators.
All power-operated doors shall remain in the fully open
position for not less than 6 seconds before closing. Touch
switches shall be mounted 36 inches (915 mm) above the floor and
not less than 18 inches (455 mm), nor more than 36 inches (915
mm), horizontally from the nearest point of travel of the moving
door. Other power-operated doors must be actuated from a
location not less than 36 inches (915 mm) from the nearest point
of travel of the moving door. Power-operated doors shall
automatically reopen when they encounter an obstruction other
than the strike jamb.
1106.10.6 Door closers. Where provided, door closers shall be
adjusted to close from an open position of 70 degrees to a point
3 inches (76 mm) from the latch, in not less than 3 seconds, when
measured to the leading edge of the door.
1106.10.7 Vision panels. Where a door contains one or more
vision panels, the bottom of the glass of at least one panel,
shall be not more than 43 inches (1091 mm) above the floor.
1106.11 Bathrooms, Toilet Rooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower
Rooms.
1106.11.1 General. Bathrooms, toilet rooms, bathing facilities,
and shower rooms shall be designed in accordance with this
section. For dwelling units, see also Section 1106.27.
1106.11.2 Unobstructed floor space. An unobstructed floor space
shall be provided within bathrooms, toilet rooms, bathing
facilities, and shower rooms of sufficient size to inscribe a
circle with a diameter not less than 60 inches (1525 mm). Doors
in any position may encroach into this space by not more than 12
inches (305 mm). The clear floor spaces at fixtures, the
accessible route of travel, and the unobstructed floor space may
overlap.
1106.11.3 Wheelchair accessible toilet stalls.
1106.11.3.1 Dimensions. Wheelchair accessible toilet stalls
shall be at least 60 inches (1525 mm) in width. Where wall-hung
water closets are installed, the depth of the stall shall be not
less than 56 inches (1420 mm). Where floor-mounted water closets
are installed, the depth of the stall shall be not less than 59
inches (1500 mm). Entry to the compartment shall have a clear
width of 32 inches (815 mm). Toilet stall doors shall not swing
into the clear floor space required for any fixture. Except for
door swing, a clear unobstructed access not less than 48 inches
(1220 mm) in width shall be provided to toilet stalls.
EXCEPTION:
Partitions may project not more than one inch (25 mm), in the aggregate, into the required width of the stall.
1106.11.3.2 Toe clearances. In any toilet stall, the front
partition and at least one side partition shall provide a toe
clearance of at least 9 inches (230 mm) above the floor.
EXCEPTION:
Toe clearance is not required in a stall with a depth greater than 60 inches (1525 mm).
1106.11.3.3 Door hardware. Doors of accessible toilet stalls
shall comply with Section 1106.3. Door pulls shall be mounted on
both sides of the door near the latch.
1106.11.4 Ambulatory accessible toilet stalls. Ambulatory
accessible toilet stalls shall be at least 36 inches (915 mm) in
width, with an outward swinging, self-closing door. Grab bars
shall be installed on each side of the toilet stall and shall
comply with Sections 1106.11.5.3 and 1106.11.11.
1106.11.5 Water closets.
1106.11.5.1 Clear floor space. The lateral distance from the
center line of the water closet to the nearest obstruction,
excluding grab bars, shall be 18 inches (455 mm) on one side and
not less than 42 inches (1065 mm) on the other side. In other
than stalls, a clear floor space of not less than 32 inches (815
mm), measured perpendicular to the wall on which the water closet
is mounted, shall be provided in front of the water closet.
EXCEPTION:
In other than a toilet stall, a lavatory may be located within the clear floor space required for a water closet
provided that knee and toe clearances for the lavatory comply with Section 1106.11.7, below, and:
1. In Type B dwelling units the edge of the lavatory shall be located not less than 15 inches (380 mm) from the
centerline of the water closet; or,
2. In all other occupancies the edge of the lavatory shall be located not less than 18 inches (455 mm) from the
centerline of the water closet.
1106.11.5.2 Height. The height of water closets shall be a
minimum of 17 inches (430 mm) and a maximum of 19 inches (485 mm)
measured to the top of the seat. Seats shall not be sprung to
return to a lifted position.
1106.11.5.3 Grab bars. Grab bars shall be installed at one side
and at the back of the water closet. The top of grab bars shall
be not less than 33 inches (840 mm) and not more than 36 inches
(915 mm) above and parallel to the floor. Grab bars located at
the side shall be a minimum 42 inches (1065 mm) in length located
not more than 12 inches (305 mm) from the rear wall and extending
at least 54 inches (1370 mm) from the rear wall. Grab bars
located at the back shall be a minimum of 36 inches (915 mm) in
length and shall extend at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the
center of the water closet toward the side wall and at least 24
inches (610 mm) toward the open side of the water closet. Grab
bars located at the back shall be mounted not more than 9 inches
(230 mm) behind the water closet seat. See also Section
1106.11.11.
1106.11.5.4 Flush controls. Flush controls shall be mounted for
use from the wide side of the water closet area and not more than
44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor. Flush valves shall comply
with Section 1106.3.
1106.11.5.5 Dispensers and receptacles. Toilet paper and other
dispensers or receptacles shall be installed within easy reach of
the water closet, and shall not interfere with unobstructed floor
space or grab bar utilization.
1106.11.6 Urinals. A clear floor space measuring 30 inches (760
mm) in width by 48 inches (1220 mm) in depth shall be provided in
front of urinals to allow for forward approach. Urinal shields
shall have a clear space between them of not less than 29 inches
(737 mm) and shall not extend farther than the front edge of the
urinal rim. Urinals shall be stall-type or wall-hung with an
elongated rim at a maximum of 17 inches(430 mm) above the floor. Flush controls shall be mounted not more than 44 inches(1118 mm)
above the floor. Flush valves shall comply with Section 1106.3.
1106.11.7 Lavatories and sinks.
1106.11.7.1 Clear floor space. A clear floor space not less
than 30 inches (760 mm) in width by 48 inches (1220 mm) in depth
shall be provided in front of lavatories and sinks to allow a
forward approach. The clear floor space may include knee and toe
clearances not to exceed 19 inches (485 mm) extending under the
lavatory or sink.
1106.11.7.2 Height. Lavatories and sinks shall be mounted with
the rim or counter surface no higher than 34 inches (865 mm)
above the finished floor.
1106.11.7.3 Knee and toe clearances.
1106.11.7.3.1 Lavatories. The total depth of the clear space
beneath a lavatory shall be not less than 17 inches (430 mm), of
which toe clearance shall be not more than 6 inches (152 mm) of
the total depth. Knee clearance shall be not less than 29 inches
(237 mm) in height and 30 inches (760 mm) in width.
1106.11.7.3.2 Sinks. Knee clearance not less than 27 inches
(685 mm) in height, 30 inches (760 mm) in width, and 19 inches
(485 mm) in depth shall be provided underneath sinks.
1106.11.7.4 Exposed pipes and surfaces. Hot water and drain
pipes exposed under lavatories and sinks shall be insulated or
otherwise covered. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces
under lavatories or sinks.
1106.11.7.5 Faucets. Faucet control handles shall be located
not more than 17 inches (430 mm) from the front edge of the
lavatory, sink or counter, and shall comply with Section 1106.3. Self-closing valves shall remain open for at least 10 seconds per
operation.
1106.11.7.6 Sink depth. Sinks shall be not more than 6-1/2
inches (165 mm) in vertical depth.
1106.11.8 Mirrors, dispensers, and other fixtures. Mirrors or
shelves shall be installed so that the bottom of the mirror or
the top of the shelf is within 40 inches (1015 mm) of the floor.
Drying equipment, towel or other dispensers, and disposal
fixtures shall be mounted so as to not exceed 40 inches (1015 mm)
above the finished floor to any rack, operating controls,
receptacle or dispenser.
1106.11.9 Bathtubs.
1106.11.9.1 Clear floor space. A clear floor space not less
than 60 inches (1525 mm) in length shall be provided along the
tub. Where the required seat is located at the end of the tub,
the clear floor space shall be not less than 75 inches (1905 mm)
in length. The clear floor space shall be not less than 30
inches (760 mm) in width where access to the space is parallel to
the tub and not less than 48 inches (1220 mm) in width where
access to the space is at right angles to the tub.
A lavatory which complies with Section 1106.11.7, above, may
be located in the clear floor space for the tub.
Where a seat is provided and a lavatory is located in the
clear floor space for the tub, the lavatory shall be located at
the end of the tub adjacent to the controls.
1106.11.9.2 Seats. An in-tub seat or a seat at the end of the
tub shall be provided. In-tub seats shall be portable and
removable, not less than 12 inches (305 mm) in width, and extend
the full width of the tub. Seats at the end of the tub shall be
constructed flush with the top of the tub and shall extend not
less than 15 inches (380 mm) from the end of the tub. Seats
shall be mounted securely and shall not slip during use.
1106.11.9.3 Grab bars. All required grab bars shall be
installed parallel to the floor. Lower grab bars shall be
installed centered 9 inches (230 mm) above the tub rim. Upper or
single grab bars shall be installed centered not less than 33
inches (840 mm) and not more than 36 inches (915 mm) above the
floor of the clear space.
Where a tub has a seat at the end, two grab bars not less
than 48 inches (1220 mm) in length shall be installed on the wall
opposite the clear floor space. One end of each grab bar shall
terminate where the tub abuts the seat.
Where a tub has an in-tub seat, two grab bars, not less than
24 inches (610 mm) in length, shall be installed on the wall
opposite the clear floor space. The grab bars shall extend to
not less than 24 inches (610 mm) from one end of the tub and not
less than 12 inches (305 mm) from the other end. One grab bar
shall be installed on the wall at the end of the tub opposite the
drain, extending at least 12 inches (305 mm) from the clear floor
space.
For all bathtubs, one grab bar shall be installed on the
wall at the end of the tub nearest the drain, extending at least
24 inches (610 mm) from the clear floor space.
1106.11.9.4 Controls and fixtures. Faucets and other controls
shall be located above the tub rim and below the grab bars, shall
be offset laterally from the clear floor space between the open
edge of the tub and the mid-point of the tub and shall comply
with Section 1106.3.
A shower spray unit, with a hose at least 60 inches (1525
mm) long, that can be used as a fixed shower head or as a
hand-held shower, shall be provided.
1106.11.9.5 Bathtub enclosures. Where provided, enclosures for
bathtubs shall not obstruct controls or obstruct transfer from
wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Bathtub enclosures
shall not have tracks mounted on the tub rim.
1106.11.10 Shower stalls.
1106.11.10.1 Configuration. Shower stalls shall have one of the
following configurations:
1. Transfer shower stalls shall be 36 inches by 36 inches
(915 by 915 mm), nominal, and shall have a seat; or,
2. Roll-in shower stalls shall be not less than 30 inches
(760 mm) in depth by 60 inches (1525 mm) in length.
1106.11.10.2 Clear floor space. A clear floor space shall be
provided adjacent to shower stalls.
1. For transfer shower stalls, a clear floor space not less
than 48 inches (1220 mm) in length, parallel to the open side of
the shower stall, and not less than 36 inches (915 mm) in width,
perpendicular to the open edge of the shower stall, shall be
located so as to extend at least 12 inches (305 mm) beyond the
wall on which the seat is mounted.
2. For roll-in shower stalls, a clear floor space not less
than 60 inches (1525 mm) in length, parallel to the open edge of
the shower stall, and not less than 36 inches (915 mm) in width,
perpendicular to the open edge of the shower stall, shall be
provided. A lavatory which complies with Section 1106.11.7,
above, may be located within one end of the clear floor space. Where a seat is provided in the shower, a lavatory may be located
only at the opposite end of the clear space.
1106.11.10.3 Seats. Transfer shower stalls shall be provided
with a folding or non-folding seat located on the wall opposite
the shower controls.
Roll-in shower stalls shall be provided with a folding seat
located on the wall adjacent to the shower controls.
EXCEPTION:
Roll-in shower stalls located in occupancies other than hotels, lodging houses and congregate residences need
not be provided with a seat.
The seat shall be mounted not less than 17 inches (430 mm)
and not more than 19 inches (485 mm) above the floor. The seat
shall be mounted not more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) from the
shower walls. The leading edge of the seat may be set back not
more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) from the leading edge of the
shower stall.
The seat shall be L-shaped and shall extend the full depth
of the stall. The section of the seat adjacent to the wall
opposite the clear floor space shall be at least 22 inches (560
mm) and not more than 23 inches (585 mm) wide, measured from the
wall on which the seat is mounted. That section of the seat
shall extend not less than 14 inches (355 mm) but not more than
15 inches (380 mm), measured from the wall opposite the clear
floor space. The remaining portion of the seat shall be not less
than 15 inches (380 mm) and not more than 16 inches (405 mm)
wide, measured from the wall on which the seat is mounted, and
shall extend the remaining depth of the stall.
1106.11.10.4 Grab bars. All required grab bars shall be
installed parallel to the floor. All grab bars shall be
installed not less than 33 inches (840 mm) and not more than 36
inches (915 mm) above the floor of the adjacent clear space.
For transfer shower stalls, a grab bar, not less than 18
inches (455 mm) in length, shall be installed on the wall
opposite the clear floor space. One end of the grab bar shall
terminate at the wall opposite the seat. A grab bar not less
than 27 inches (685 mm) in length shall also be installed on the
wall opposite the seat.
For roll-in shower stalls, grab bars shall be provided on
all permanent stall walls. Grab bars located on either end of
the stall shall be not less than 27 inches (685 mm) in length. The grab bar located opposite the clear space shall be not less
than 48 inches (1220 mm) in length.
1106.11.10.5 Controls and fixtures. Faucets and other controls
shall be located on the same wall as the shower spray unit, and
shall be installed not less than 38 inches (965 mm) or more than
48 inches (1220 mm) above the shower floor and shall comply with
Section 1106.3. In addition:
1. For transfer shower stalls, the controls shall be located
on the wall opposite the shower seat. The controls shall be
located within 18 inches (455 mm) of the open side of the shower
stall.
2. For roll-in shower stalls equipped with seats, the
controls shall be mounted on the wall adjacent to the seat not
more than 27 inches (685 mm) from the wall where the seat is
mounted. For roll-in shower stalls without seats, the controls
may be located on any wall. Where the controls are located on
the back wall, they shall be located not more than 27 inches (685
mm) from a side wall.
A shower spray unit, with a hose at least 60 inches (1525
mm) long, that can be used as a fixed shower head or as a
hand-held shower, shall be provided.
EXCEPTION:
In unmonitored facilities where vandalism is a consideration, a fixed shower head may be installed not more
than 48 inches (1220 mm) above the stall floor.
1106.11.10.6 Thresholds. In transfer shower stalls, thresholds
shall be flush or beveled with a maximum edge height of 1/2 inch
(13 mm), and a maximum slope of not more than 1 vertical in 2
horizontal.
Thresholds in roll-in shower stalls shall be level with the
adjacent clear space.
1106.11.10.7 Shower enclosures. Where provided, enclosures for
shower stalls shall not obstruct controls or obstruct transfer
from wheelchairs onto shower seats.
1106.11.11 Structural requirements for grab bars, and tub and
shower seats.
1106.11.11.1 General. All grab bars, and tub and shower seats
required to be accessible, shall comply with this section.
1106.11.11.2 Size and spacing of grab bars. Grab bars shall
have an outside diameter of not less than 1-1/4 inch (32 mm) nor
more than 1-1/2 inches (38 mm) and shall provide a clearance of
1-1/2 inches (38 mm) between the grab bar and the wall.
1106.11.11.3 Structural strength. The structural strength of
grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners and mounting devices
shall meet the following specification:
1. Bending stress in a grab bar or seat induced by the
maximum bending moment from the application of 300 pounds (1334
N) shall be less than the allowable stress for the material of
the grab bar or seat.
2. Shear stress induced in a grab bar or seat by the
application of 300 pounds (1334 N) shall be less than the
allowable shear stress for the material of the grab bar or seat. If the connection between the grab bar or seat and its mounting
bracket or other support is considered to be fully restrained,
then direct and torsional shear stresses shall be totaled for the
combined shear stress, which shall not exceed the allowable shear
stress.
3. Shear force induced in a fastener or mounting device from
the application of 300 pounds (1334 N) shall be less than the
allowable lateral load of either the fastener or mounting device
or the supporting structure, whichever is the smaller allowable
load.
4. Tensile force induced in a fastener by a direct tension
force of 300 pounds (1334 N) plus the maximum moment from the
application of 300 pounds (1334 N) shall be less than the
allowable withdrawal load between the fastener and the supporting
structure.
1106.11.11.4 Special hazards. A grab bar and any wall or other
surface adjacent to it shall be free of any sharp or abrasive
elements. Edges shall have a minimum radius of 1/8 inch (3 mm).
1106.12 Kitchens.
1106.12.1 Clear floor space. An unobstructed floor space shall
be provided within kitchens of sufficient size to inscribe a
circle with a diameter not less than 60 inches (1525 mm). Doors
in any position may encroach into this space by not more than 12
inches (305 mm). The clear floor spaces at fixtures, the
accessible route of travel, and the unobstructed floor space may
overlap.
1106.12.2 Counter surfaces and shelving. Within Type A dwelling
units, a counter surface, a minimum of 30 inches (760 mm) wide by
24 inches (610 mm) deep, shall be provided at a maximum height of
34 inches (865 mm), with a knee space beneath at least 27 inches
(685 mm) in height.
In other than dwelling units, at least 50 percent of shelf
space in cabinets, refrigerators and freezers shall be within the
reach ranges specified in Section 1106.2.4.
1106.13 Water Fountains.
1106.13.1 Clear floor space. Wall- and post-mounted
cantilevered units shall have a minimum clear floor space in
front of the unit, of 30 inches (760 mm) in width by 48 inches
(1220 mm) in depth to allow a forward approach.
Free-standing or built-in units not having a clear space
beneath them shall have an adjacent clear floor space at least 30
inches (760 mm) in depth by 48 inches (1220 mm) in width in order
to allow a person in a wheelchair to make a parallel approach to
the unit.
1106.13.2 Knee space. Wall- and post-mounted cantilevered units
shall have knee space in accordance with Section 1106.2.4.3. The
knee space shall be not less than 17 inches (430 mm) nor more
than 19 inches (485 mm) in depth.
1106.13.3 Spout location. Spouts shall be located not more than
36 inches (915 mm) above the floor or ground surface. Spouts
shall be located at the front of the unit and shall direct a
water flow not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height, in a
trajectory parallel to the front of the unit. Recessed units
shall be installed such that the spout is not recessed beyond the
plane of the wall.
1106.13.4 Controls. Controls shall be located not more than 6
inches (152 mm) from the front of the unit and shall comply with
Section 1106.3. The force required to activate the control shall
not exceed 5 pounds (22.2 N).
1106.13.5 Water fountains in alcoves. Where a unit is installed
in an alcove greater than 8 inches (205 mm) in depth, the alcove
shall be not less than 48 inches (1220 mm) in width. A minimum
24 inches (610 mm) of clear space shall be provided from the
spout to the nearest side wall of the alcove.
1106.14 Telephones.
1106.14.1 Clear floor or ground space. A clear floor or ground
space, not less than 30 inches (760 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm),
that allows either a forward or parallel approach, shall be
provided in front of telephones. Bases, enclosures and fixed
seats shall not project into the clear floor space.
Where parallel approach is provided, any shelf or enclosure
shall not project farther than 10 inches (255 mm) beyond the face
of the telephone.
Where a forward approach is provided, any shelf shall not
project farther than 20 inches (510 mm) beyond the face of the
telephone; any enclosure panels shall be a minimum 30 inches (760
mm) apart, and where less than 36 inches (915 mm) apart, shall
project no more than 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the face of the
phone.
1106.14.2 Height. The highest operable part of a telephone
shall be within the reach ranges specified in Section 1106.2.4.
1106.14.3 Equipment for persons with hearing impairments.
Telephones shall be equipped with volume controls and shall be
hearing aid compatible. Volume controls shall be capable of
increasing volume not less than 12 dbA nor more than 18 dbA above
normal.
EXCEPTION:
Where an automatic reset is provided, 18 dbA may be exceeded.
1106.14.4 Controls. Telephones shall have push-button controls
where service for such equipment is available.
1106.14.5 Cord length. The cord from the telephone to the
handset shall be not less than 29 inches (737 mm) in length.
1106.14.6 Text telephones. Text telephones shall be permanently
affixed within, or adjacent to, the telephone enclosure. Where
an acoustic coupler is used, the telephone cord shall be
sufficiently long to allow connection of the text telephone and
the telephone receiver.
1106.14.7 Shelf and electrical outlet. Shelves and an
electrical outlet shall be located within or adjacent to the
telephone enclosure. The shelf shall be not less than 10 inches
by 10 inches (255 mm by 255 mm) in dimension, with a vertical
clearance above the shelf of not less than 6 inches (152 mm). The telephone handset shall be capable of being placed flush on
the surface of the shelf.
1106.15 Alarms.
1106.15.1 Audible alarms. Audible alarms shall produce a sound
in accordance with the Fire Code.
1106.15.2 Visible alarms. Visible alarm signal appliances shall
be integrated into the building or facility alarm system. Where
single-station audible alarms are provided, single-station
visible alarm signals shall be provided.
EXCEPTION:
((
Dwelling units)) Visible alarms are not required in Group R, Division 1 apartment buildings.
Visible alarm((s shall be located not less than 80 inches
(2030 mm) above floor level, or 6 inches (152 mm) below the
ceiling, whichever is lower, and at an interval of not more than
50 feet (15 m) horizontal, in rooms, corridors, and hallways))
system designs shall comply with the requirements in ANSI A117.1,
1998 edition, or NFPA 72, 1999 edition.
((In rooms or spaces exceeding 100 feet (30 m) in horizontal
dimension, with no obstructions exceeding 6 feet (1830 mm) in
height above the finished floor, visible alarms may be placed
around the perimeter at intervals not to exceed 100 feet (30 m)
horizontally.
Visible alarm signals shall comply with the following
criteria:
1. The lamp shall be a xenon strobe type or equivalent.
2. The color shall be clear or unfiltered white light.
3. The maximum pulse duration shall be two-tenths of one
second (0.2 sec) with a maximum duty cycle of 40 percent. The
pulse duration is defined as the time interval between initial
and final point of 10 percent of maximum signal.
4. The intensity shall be a minimum of 75 candela.
5. The flash rate shall be a minimum of 1 Hz and a maximum
of 3 Hz.))
1106.15.3 Access to manual fire alarm systems. Manual fire
alarm devices shall be mounted not more than 54 inches (1370 mm)
above the floor where a parallel approach is provided.
1106.16 Signage.
1106.16.1 Symbols.
1106.16.1.1 International Symbol of Access. The International
Symbol of Access shall be as shown below:
| (WAC 51-40-1106, Illus. 1) Place illustration here. |
1106.16.1.2 Text telephones. Text telephones required by Section 1105.4.2 shall be identified by the International Text Telephone Symbol as shown below:
| (WAC 51-40-1106, Illus. 2) Place illustration here. |
1106.16.1.3 Assistive listening systems. Permanently installed assistive listening systems that are required by Section 1103.1.2.2 shall be identified by the International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss as shown below:
| ( 51-40-1106, Illus. 3 ) Place illustration here. |
1106.16.1.4 Volume control telephones. Telephones required by Section 1105.4.2 to have volume controls shall be identified by a handset containing a depiction of a telephone handset with radiating sound waves.
1106.16.2 Mounting location and height. Signs shall be
installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door. Signs shall be centered at 60 inches (1525 mm) above the finished
floor. Mounting location for such signage shall be such that a
person may approach within 3 inches (76 mm) of signage without
encountering protruding objects or standing within the swing of a
door.
1106.16.3 Finish and color. Characters and symbols shall have a
high contrast with their background. The character and
background of interior signs shall be eggshell, matte, or other
nonglare finish.
All interior and exterior signs depicting the International
Symbol of Access shall be white on a blue background.
1106.16.4 Character proportion and height. Letters and numbers
on signs shall have a width-to-height ratio between 3:5 and 1:1
and a stroke-width-to-height ratio between 1:5 and 1:10.
Characters and numbers on signs shall be sized according to
the viewing distance from which they are to be read. The minimum
character height for signs that are suspended or projected
overhead is 3 inches (76 mm) for upper case letters. Lower case
letters are permitted.
1106.16.5 Raised and Braille characters and pictorial symbol
signs (pictograms).
1106.16.5.1 Raised characters and symbols. Characters and
symbols on tactile signs shall be raised at least 1/32 inch (.8
mm). Raised characters and symbols shall be simple type face
upper case characters. Raised characters and symbols shall be
between 5/8 inch (16 mm) and 2 inches (51 mm) in height. Raised
characters shall be accompanied by Braille in accordance with
this section.
1106.16.5.2 Braille. Braille shall be separated from the
corresponding raised characters or symbols. Braille shall be
Grade 2.
1106.16.5.3 Pictograms. Where provided, pictograms shall be
accompanied by the equivalent verbal description placed directly
below the pictogram. The border dimension of the pictogram shall
be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) in height.
1106.17 Detectable Warnings. Detectable warnings on walking
surfaces shall consist of raised truncated domes having a
diameter of 0.9 inches (23 mm) nominal, a height of 0.2 inches (5
mm) nominal, and a center-to-center spacing of 2.35 inches (60
mm) nominal, or be an approved alternate, and shall contrast
visually and tactilely with adjoining surfaces.
1106.18 Storage, Shelving and Display Units.
1106.18.1 Clear floor space. Storage, shelving and display
units shall have a clear floor space, not less than 30 inches
(760 mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm), that allows for either a forward
or parallel approach.
1106.18.2 Height. Accessible storage, shelving and display
units shall be within the reach ranges specified in Section
1106.2.4. Clothes rods shall be not more than 54 inches (1370
mm) above the floor.
1106.19 Seating, Tables, and Sinks.
1106.19.1 Clear floor space. Sinks and seating spaces at tables
shall have a clear floor space of not less than 30 inches (760
mm) by 48 inches (1220 mm), that allows forward approach. The
clear floor space shall not overlap knee space by more than 19
inches (483 mm).
1106.19.2 Knee clearances. Knee spaces at tables, counters, and
sinks shall be provided in accordance with Section 1106.2.4.3. In addition, the depth of the knee space shall be not less than
19 inches (483 mm). No projection which might obstruct the arm
of a wheelchair may intrude into this clearance, within 24 inches
(610 mm) horizontally from the table edge.
1106.19.3 Height. The tops of tables and sinks shall be not
less than 28 inches (710 mm) nor more than 34 inches (865 mm) in
height above the floor or ground.
1106.20 Aisles. All aisles required to be accessible, including
check out aisles, food service lines, and aisles between fixed
tables, shall be not less than 36 inches (915 mm) in width.
1106.21 Assembly Areas.
1106.21.1 Wheelchair spaces.
1106.21.1.1 Location. Wheelchair spaces shall be an integral
part of any fixed seating plan and shall be dispersed throughout
the seating area. Spaces shall adjoin an accessible route of
travel that also serves as a means of egress and shall be located
to provide lines of sight comparable to those for all viewing
areas.
EXCEPTION:
Accessible viewing positions may be clustered for bleachers, balconies and other areas having sight lines that
require slopes of greater than 5 percent. Equivalent accessible viewing positions may be located on levels
having accessible egress.
1106.21.1.2 Size. Wheelchair spaces shall be not less than 33
inches (840 mm) in width. Where forward or rear approach is
provided, wheelchair spaces shall be not less than 48 inches
(1220 mm) in depth. Where only side approach is provided,
wheelchair spaces shall be not less than 60 inches (1525 mm) in
depth.
1106.21.1.3 Surfaces. The ground or floor surfaces at
wheelchair locations shall be level and shall comply with Section
1106.7.
1106.21.2 Placement of assistive listening systems. Where an
assistive listening system serves individual fixed seats, such
seats shall have a clear line of sight and shall be located not
more than 50 feet (15 m) from the stage or performance area.
1106.22 Restaurants and Cafeterias.
1106.22.1 Aisles. Aisles to fixed tables required to be
accessible shall comply with Section 1106.20.
1106.22.2 Food service lines.
1106.22.2.1 Clear floor space. Food service lines shall comply
with Section 1106.20.
1106.22.2.2 Height. Tray slides shall be mounted not more than
34 inches (865 mm) in height above the floor.
1106.22.2.3 Counters and bars. Where service of food or drink
is provided at counters more than 34 inches (865 mm) in height,
to customers seated on stools or standing, a portion of the main
counter shall be provided in compliance with Section 1106.19, or
service shall be available at accessible tables within the same
area.
1106.22.2.4 Tableware and condiment areas. Self-service shelves
and dispensing devices for tableware, dishware, condiments, food,
and beverages shall be installed to comply with Section 1106.18.
1106.23 Patient bedrooms. Each patient bedroom shall be
designed and constructed to provide space for a 180-degree turn
that complies with Section 1106.2.2. Each patient room shall
have a minimum clear floor space not less than 36 inches (915 mm)
on each side of any bed.
1106.24 Customer Service Facilities.
1106.24.1 Dressing and fitting rooms.
1106.24.1.1 Clear floor space. Each dressing and fitting room
shall have a clear floor space complying with Section 1106.2.
EXCEPTION:
Dressing and fitting rooms that are entered through a curtained opening need not comply with Section 1106.2.2.
1106.24.1.2 Doors. All doors to accessible dressing and fitting
rooms shall comply with Section 1106.10.
1106.24.1.3 Benches. Every accessible dressing or fitting room
shall have a bench installed adjacent to the longest wall in the
room. The bench shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) in
width and 48 inches (1220 mm) in length, and shall be mounted not
less than 17 inches (430 mm) nor more than 19 inches (483 mm)
above the finished floor.
Clear floor space shall be provided adjacent to the bench to
allow for parallel transfer, and the structural strength of the
bench shall comply with Section 1106.11.11.3.
Where benches are installed in dressing and fitting rooms
adjacent to showers, swimming pools, or other wet locations,
water shall not accumulate upon the surface of the bench and the
bench shall have a slip-resistant surface.
1106.24.1.4 Mirrors. Where provided, mirrors in accessible
dressing and fitting rooms shall be not less than 18 inches (455
mm) in width by 54 inches (1370 mm) in height and shall be
mounted opposite the bench.
1106.24.2 Counters and windows. Where counters are required to
be accessible, the accessible portion shall be not less than 36
inches (915 mm) in length and not more than 36 inches (915 mm) in
height above the finished floor.
Where accessible windows are required, they shall be no more
than 36 inches (915 mm) in height above the finished floor.
EXCEPTION:
An auxiliary counter with a maximum height of 36 inches (915 mm) is installed in close proximity to the main
counter.
1106.24.3 Check-out aisles. The width of accessible check-out
aisles shall comply with Section 1106.20. Counters in accessible
check-out aisles shall be not more than 38 inches (965 mm) in
height, and the top of the raised edge of the counter shall not
exceed 40 inches (1015 mm) in height above the finished floor.
Accessible check-out aisles shall be identified by the
International Symbol of Access in accordance with Section
1106.16.1.1.
1106.25 Libraries.
1106.25.1 Reading and study areas. At least 5 percent, or a
minimum of one, of each element of fixed seating, tables, or
study carrels shall comply with Section 1106.19. Clearances
between fixed accessible tables and study carrels shall comply
with Section 1106.20.
1106.25.2 Check-out areas. At least one lane at each check-out
area shall comply with Section 1106.20. Any traffic control or
book security gates or turnstiles shall comply with Section
1106.10.
1106.25.3 Card catalogs, magazine displays and stacks.
1106.25.3.1 Aisles. Aisles between card catalogs, magazine
displays or stacks shall comply with Section 1106.20.
1106.25.3.2 Height. Card catalogs or magazine displays shall
have a reach height of not more than 54 inches (1370 mm) for side
approach and not more than 48 inches (1220 mm) for forward
approach.
Not all shelves in library stacks need be located within
reach ranges required by Section 1106.2.4.
1106.26 Hotels and Congregate Residences.
1106.26.1 Clear floor space. Each sleeping room shall have a
space complying with Section 1106.4.1, along both sides of each
bed.
EXCEPTION:
In rooms with two beds, only one 36 inch (915 mm) wide maneuvering space need be provided between the
two beds.
1106.26.2 Accessible route of travel. An accessible route of
travel complying with Section 1103.2.2 shall connect all
accessible spaces and elements; including telephones, patios,
terraces, balconies, carports, garages or parking spaces; with
all accessible sleeping rooms.
1106.26.3 Doors. Doors within all sleeping rooms, suites or
other covered units shall comply with Section 1106.10.
1106.26.4 Storage. Where fixed or built-in storage is provided
in accessible units, sleeping rooms, or suites; including
cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers; at least one of each
type shall comply with Section 1106.18.
1106.26.5 Controls. All controls in accessible units, sleeping
rooms, and suites shall comply with Section 1106.3.
1106.27 Dwelling Units.
1106.27.1 Type A and B dwelling units. Type A and B dwelling
units shall comply with Section 1106.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. In a Type A accessible dwelling unit with two or more stories, access to other levels is not required if the
accessible level complies with all requirements for Type A accessible dwelling units and that kitchen, toilet and
bathing facilities, and at least one bedroom are provided on the accessible level.
2. Kitchens in Type B dwelling units need not comply with Section 1106.12.1, provided that:
2.1. A clear space at least 30 inches by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220 mm) that allows parallel approach by a
person in a wheelchair is provided at the range or cook top and sink, and either a parallel or forward approach is
provided at all other appliances; and,
2.2. In all other kitchens, clearance between all opposing counters, base cabinets, countertops, appliances, and
walls shall be not less than 40 inches (1015 mm); and,
2.3. In "U" shaped kitchens with a sink, range, or cooktop at the base of the "U", an unobstructed floor space of
sufficient size to inscribe a circle with a diameter of not less than 60 inches (1525 mm) shall be provided.
3. Bathrooms in Type B dwelling units need not comply with Section 1106.11.2, provided that sufficient
maneuvering space which is not less than 30 inches by 48 inches (760 by 1220 mm) is provided within the
bathroom. Doors may swing into the clear floor space provided at any fixture, but shall not encroach on the
required maneuvering space.
4. Doors in Type B dwelling units, other than the primary entry door, need not comply with Section 1106.10.3.
5. Mezzanines in Type A or B dwelling units need not be accessible.
6. Raised or sunken floors in Type B dwelling units need not be accessible, provided that they do not interfere
with the accessible route of travel through the unit, and are not located in the kitchen or bathroom.
7. Counter surfaces in Type B dwelling units need not comply with Section 1106.12.2.
8. Within an individual dwelling unit in a building with an elevator, access to other levels is not required if the
accessible level complies with all requirements for accessible dwelling units.
9. In Type B dwelling units, exterior deck, patio, or balcony surfaces may be no more than 4 inches (100 mm)
below the floor level of the interior surface where the exterior surface is constructed of an impervious material
such as concrete, brick, or flagstone.
10. Vanities or lavatories in Type A and B dwelling units may be located in the clear floor spaces as permitted
in Section 1106.11.5.1.
11. Seats for bathtubs or showers are not required in Type B dwelling units.
12. In Type B dwelling units, the clear floor space for bathtubs or showers may be reduced to not less than 30
inches (760 mm) in width by 48 inches (1220 mm) in length.
13. Showers in Type B dwelling units shall be nominal 36 inches (915 mm) minimum by 36 inches (915 mm)
minimum.
1106.27.2 Adaptable fixtures for dwelling units.
1106.27.2.1 Grab bars. Grab bars may be omitted in bathing and
toilet facilities within Type A or B dwelling units, provided
that all structural reinforcements for grab bar installation are
provided in the appropriate locations in the adjoining walls.
1106.27.2.2 Kitchen counters. Cabinets or shelving may be
installed beneath the counter space required by Section
1106.12.2, provided that such cabinetry or shelving is not
permanent, and is easily removable.
1106.27.2.3 Lavatories. Cabinets or shelving may be installed
beneath bathroom lavatories provided that such cabinetry or
shelving is not permanent, and is easily removable.
1106.27.2.4 Signage. Parking signage required by Section 1107.3
need not be installed in spaces designated for accessible
dwelling units.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1106, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
1202.2 Ventilation.
1202.2.1 General. All enclosed portions of Groups A, B, E, F, H,
I, M and S Occupancies customarily occupied by human beings shall
be provided with natural ventilation by means of openable
exterior openings with an area not less than 1/20 of the total
floor area or shall be provided with a mechanically operated
ventilation system which complies with Ventilation and Indoor Air
Quality Code Section 304. Such exterior openings shall open
directly onto a public way or a yard or court as set forth in
Section 1203.4.
Toilet rooms shall be provided with a fully openable
exterior window with an area not less than 3 square feet (0.279
m2), or a vertical duct not less than 100 square inches (64 516
mm2) in area for the first water closet plus 50 square inches (32
258 mm2) additional of area for each additional water closet, or
a mechanically operated exhaust system which complies with
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code Section 304. Such
mechanically operated exhaust systems shall be connected directly
to the outside, and the point of discharge shall be at least 3
feet (914 mm) from any opening that allows air entry into
occupied portions of the building.
For ventilation of hazardous vapors or fumes in Group H
Occupancies, see Sections 307.5.2 and 1202.2.3. For Group S,
Division 3 Occupancies, see Section 1202.2.7.
1202.2.4 Group H, Division 4 Occupancies. In all buildings
classified as Group H, Division 4 Occupancies used for the repair
or handling of motor vehicles operating under their own power,
mechanical ventilation shall be provided capable of exhausting a
minimum of 1.5 cubic feet per minute per square foot (0.044
L/s/m2) of floor area. Each engine repair stall shall be
equipped with an exhaust pipe extension duct, extending to the
outside of the building, which, if over 10 feet (3048 mm) in
length, shall mechanically exhaust 300 cubic feet per minute
(141.6 L/s). Connecting offices and waiting rooms shall be
supplied with conditioned air under positive pressure.
EXCEPTION:
When approved, ventilating equipment may be omitted in repair garages, enclosed heliports and aircraft hangars when
well-distributed unobstructed openings to the outer air of sufficient size to supply necessary ventilation are furnished.
1202.2.7 Group S parking garages. In Group S, Division 3 parking
garages, other than open parking garages, used for storing or
handling automobiles operating under their own power and on
loading platforms in bus terminals, ventilation shall be provided
which complies with Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code
Section 304. The building official may approve an alternate
ventilation system designed to exhaust a minimum of 14,000 cfm
(6608 L/s) for each operating vehicle. Such system shall be
based on the anticipated instantaneous movement rate of vehicles,
but not less than 2.5 percent (or one vehicle) of the garage
capacity. Automatic carbon monoxide-sensing devices may be
employed to modulate the ventilation system to maintain a maximum
average concentration of carbon monoxide of 50 parts per million
during any eight-hour period, with a maximum concentration not
greater than 200 parts per million for a period not exceeding one
hour. Connecting offices, waiting rooms, ticket booths and
similar uses shall be supplied with conditioned air under
positive pressure.
EXCEPTION:
Mechanical ventilation need not be provided within a Group S, Division 3 parking garage when openings complying with
Section 311.9.2.2 are provided.
[]
1203.3 Ventilation. ((Guest rooms and habitable rooms within a
dwelling unit or congregate residence)) Group R Occupancies shall
be provided with ventilation systems which comply with
Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality Code Section 302 and 303.
Public corridors in Group R Occupancies shall be provided with
natural ventilation by means of openable exterior openings with
an area of not less than one twentieth of the floor area of such
((rooms)) corridors with a minimum of 5 square feet (0.46 m2).
In lieu of required exterior openings for natural
ventilation in public corridors, a mechanical ventilating system
may be provided. Such system shall be capable of providing two
air changes per hour ((in guest rooms, dormitories, habitable
rooms and in public corridors)) with a minimum of 15 cubic feet
per minute (7 L/s) of outside air per occupant during such time
as the building is occupied.
((Bathrooms, water closet compartments, laundry rooms and
similar rooms shall be provided with natural ventilation by means
of openable exterior openings with an area not less than one
twentieth of the floor area of such rooms with a minimum of 1 1/2
square feet (0.14 m2).
In lieu of required exterior openings for natural
ventilation in bathrooms containing a bathtub or shower or
combination thereof, laundry rooms, and similar rooms, a
mechanical ventilation system connected directly to the outside
capable of providing five air changes per hour shall be
provided.)) The point of discharge for mechanical ventilating
systems shall be at least 3 feet (914 mm) from any opening which
allows air entry into occupied portions of the building. ((Bathrooms which contain only a water closet or lavatory or
combination thereof, and similar rooms may be ventilated with an
approved mechanical recirculating fan or similar device designed
to remove odors from the air.))
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1203, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
1505.1 Access. An attic access opening shall be provided to
attics of buildings with combustible ceiling or roof
construction.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Attics with a maximum vertical height of less than 30 inches (762 mm).
2. Attics with a volume of less than 100 cubic feet (2.8 m3).
The opening shall not be less than 22 inches (559 mm) by 30
inches (762 mm) and shall be located in a corridor, hallway or
other readily accessible location. Thirty-inch-minimum (762 mm)
unobstructed headroom in the attic space shall be provided at or
above the access opening.
[]
OPTION 1: CHAPTERS 16-23Delete Chapter 16, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 16, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 17, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 17, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 18, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 18, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 19, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 19, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 20, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 20, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 21, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 21, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 22, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 22, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
Delete Chapter 23, 1997 edition of the Uniform Building Code and substitute by reference, Chapter 23, 2000 edition of the International Building Code published by the International Code Council in its place.
[]
OPTION 2: CHAPTERS 16-23
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending WSR 98-02-054, filed 1/6/98,
effective 7/1/98)
WAC 51-40-1616
Section 1616 -- Definitions.
EXPOSURE D represents the most severe exposure in areas with
basic wind speeds greater than 80 miles per hour (mph) (129 km/h)
and has terrain which is flat and unobstructed facing large
bodies of water over one mile (1.61 km) or more in width relative
to any quadrant of the building site. Exposure D extends inland
from the shoreline 1/4 mile (0.40 km) or 10 times the building
height, whichever is greater.
TABLE 16-A -- UNIFORM AND CONCENTRATED LOADS
| Use or Occupancy | Uniform Load1 (psf) |
Concentrated Load (pounds) |
|
| Category | Description | x 0.0479 for kN/m2 |
x 0.00448 for kN |
| 1. Access floor system | Office use | 50 | 2,0002 |
| Computer use | 100 | 2,0002 | |
| 2. Armories | 150 | 0 | |
| 3. Assembly areas3 and auditoriums and balconies therewith | Fixed seating areas | 50 | 0 |
| Moveable seating and other areas | 100 | 0 | |
| Stage areas and enclosed platforms | 125 | 0 | |
| 4. Cornices and marquees | 604 | 0 | |
| 5. Exit facilities5 | 100 | 06 | |
| 6. Garages | General storage and/or repair | 100 | 7 |
| Private or pleasure-type motor vehicle storage | 50 | 7 | |
| 7. Hospitals | Wards and rooms | 40 | 1,0002 |
| 8. Libraries | Reading rooms | 60 | 1,0002 |
| Stack rooms | 125 | 1,5002 | |
| 9. Manufacturing | Light | 75 | 2,0002 |
| Heavy | 125 | 3,0002 | |
| 10. Offices | 50 | 2,0002 | |
| 11. Printing plants | Press rooms | 150 | 2,5002 |
| Composing and linotype rooms | 100 | 2,0002 | |
| 12. Residential8 | Basic floor area | 40 | 06 |
| Exterior balconies | 604 | 0 | |
| Decks | 404 | 0 | |
| Storage | 40 | 0 | |
| 13. Restrooms9 | |||
| 14. Reviewing stands, grandstands, bleachers, and folding and telescoping seating | 100 | 0 | |
| 15. Roof decks | Same as area served or for the type of occupancy accommodated | ||
| 16. Schools | Classrooms | 40 | 1,0002 |
| 17. Sidewalks and driveways | Public access | 250 | 7 |
| 18. Storage | Light | 125 | |
| Heavy | 250 | ||
| 19. Stores | 100 | 3,0002 | |
| 20. Pedestrian bridges and walkways10 | 1004 | ||
2 See Section 1607.3.3, first paragraph, for area of load application.
3 Assembly areas include such occupancies as dance halls, drill rooms, gymnasiums, playgrounds, plazas, terraces and similar occupancies that are generally accessible to the public.
4 When snow loads occur that are in excess of the design conditions, the structure shall be designed to support the loads due to the increased loads caused by drift buildup or a greater snow design as determined by the building official. See Section 1614. For special-purpose roofs, see Section 1607.4.4.
5 Exit facilities shall include such uses as corridors serving an occupant load of 10 or more persons, exterior exit balconies, stairways, fire escapes and similar uses.
6 Individual stair treads shall be designed to support a 300-pound (1.33 kN) concentrated load placed in a position that would cause maximum stress. Stair stringers may be designed for the uniform load set forth in the table.
7 See Section 1607.3.3, second paragraph, for concentrated loads. See Table 16-B for vehicle barriers.
8 Residential occupancies include private dwellings, apartments and hotel guest rooms.
9 Restroom loads shall not be less than the load for the occupancy with which they are associated, but need not exceed 50 pounds per square foot (2.4 kN/m2).
10 Gangways and bridges that are not open to the public and serving not more than two Group R, Division 3 dwelling units shall be designed for a minimum uniform load of 40 PSF.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-1616, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
2106.2.14 Placement of embedded anchor bolts.
2106.2.14.1 General. Placement requirements for plate anchor
bolts, headed anchor bolts and bent bar anchor bolts shall be
determined in accordance with this subsection. Bent bar anchor
bolts shall have a hook with a 90-degree bend with an inside
diameter of three bolt diameters, plus an extension of one and
one half bolt diameters at the free end. Plate anchor bolts
shall have a plate welded to the shank to provide anchorage
equivalent to headed anchor bolts.
The effective embedment depth lb for plate or headed anchor
bolts shall be the length of embedment measured perpendicular
from the surface of the masonry to the bearing surface of the
plate or head of the anchorage, and lb for bent bar anchors shall
be the length of embedment measured perpendicular from the
surface of the masonry to the bearing surface of the bent end
minus one anchor bolt diameter. All bolts shall be grouted in
place, except that 1/4-inch-diameter (6.4mm) bolts may be placed
in bed joints which are at least 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in thickness.
[]
SECTION 2901 -- PLUMBING CODE.
Plumbing systems shall comply with the Plumbing Code.
SECTION 2902 -- GENERAL
2902.1 Number of Fixtures.
2902.1.1 Requirements. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided in
the minimum number shown in Table 29-A and in this Chapter. Where the proposed occupancy is not listed in Table 29-A, the
building official shall determine fixture requirements based on
the occupancy which most nearly resembles the intended occupancy.
Plumbing fixtures need not be provided for unoccupied
buildings or facilities.
2902.1.2 Private offices. Fixtures only accessible to private
offices shall not be counted to determine compliance with this
section.
2902.1.3 Occupancy load distribution. The occupant load shall
be divided equally between the sexes, unless data approved by the
building official indicates a different distribution of the
sexes.
2902.1.4 Food preparation areas. In food preparation, serving
and related storage areas, additional fixture requirements may be
dictated by health codes.
2902.1.5 Other requirements. For other requirements for
plumbing facilities, see Sections 302.6, 807, 313.5.5 and Chapter
11.
2902.2 Access to Fixtures.
2902.2.1 Location. Plumbing fixtures shall be located in each
building or conveniently in a building adjacent thereto on the
same property.
2902.2.2 Multiple tenants. Access to toilets serving multiple
tenants shall be through a common use area and not through an
area controlled by a tenant.
2902.2.3 Multi-story buildings. Required fixtures shall not be
located more than one vertical story above or below the area
served.
2902.3 Separate Facilities.
2902.3.1 Requirements. Separate toilet facilities shall be
provided for each sex.
EXCEPTION((
S)):((
1.)) In occupancies serving ((10)) 15 or fewer persons, one toilet facility designed for use by no more than one person at
a time shall be permitted for use by both sexes.
((
2. In Group B and M Occupancies with a total floor area of 1500 square feet (139.5 m2) or less, one toilet facility
designed for use by no more than one person at a time shall be permitted for use by both sexes.))
2902.3.2 Food service establishments. When customers and
employees share the same facilities, customers accessing the
facilities are excluded from food preparation and storage areas.
2902.4 Pay Facilities. Required facilities shall be free of
charge. Where pay facilities are installed, they shall be in
addition to the minimum required facilities.
2902.5 is not adopted.
2902.6 is not adopted.
SECTION 2903 -- SPECIAL PROVISIONS
2903.1 Dwelling Units. Dwelling units shall be provided with a
kitchen sink.
2903.2 Water Closet Space Requirements. The water closet stool
in all occupancies shall be located in a clear space not less
than 30 inches (762 mm) in width, with a clear space in front of
the stool of not less than 24 inches (610 mm).
2903.3 Water. Each required sink, lavatory, bathtub and shower
stall shall be equipped with hot and cold running water necessary
for its normal operation.
2903.4 Drinking Fountains.
2903.4.1 Number. Occupant loads over 30 shall have one drinking
fountain for the first 150 occupants, then one per each
additional 500 occupants.
EXCEPTIONS:
2904.2 Multi-story buildings. Drinking fountains shall be
provided on each floor having more than 30 occupants in schools,
dormitories, auditoriums, theaters, offices and public buildings.1.
Sporting facilities with concessions serving drinks shall have one drinking fountain for each 1000 occupants.
2.
A drinking fountain need not be provided in a drinking or dining establishment.
2903.4.3 Penal Institutions. Penal institutions shall have one
drinking fountain on each cell block floor and one on each
exercise floor.
2903.4.4 Location. Drinking fountains shall not be located in
toilet rooms.
SECTION 2904 is not adopted.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-2900, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
| TYPE OF BUILDING OR OCCUPANCY | WATER CLOSETS (fixtures per person) |
LAVATORIES5 (fixtures per person) |
BATHTUB OR
SHOWER (fixtures per person) |
||
| MALE3 | FEMALE | MALE | FEMALE | ||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 30 square feet (2.79 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group A Assembly places -- Conference rooms, dining rooms, drinking establishments, exhibit rooms, gymnasiums, lounges, stages and similar uses including restaurants classified as Group B Occupancies |
1:1-25 2:26-75 3:76-125 4:126-200 5:201-300 6:301-400 |
1:1-25 2:26-75 3:76-125 4:126-200 5:201-300 6:301-400 | one per 2 water closets | ||
| Over 400, add one fixture for each additional 200 males or 150 females. | |||||
| For the assembly occupancies listed below, use the number of fixed seating or, where no fixed seating is provided, use 15 square feet (1.39 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Assembly places -- Theaters, auditoriums, convention halls, dance floors, lodge rooms, casinos, and such places which have limited time for fixture use (intermissions) |
1:1-100 2:101-200 3:201-400 |
One per 25 up to 400 | 1:1-200 2:201-400 3:401-750 |
1:1-200 2:201-400 3:401-750 | |
| Over 400, add one fixture for each additional 250 males or 50 females. | Over 750, add one fixture for each additional 500 persons. | ||||
| (( Assembly places -- Stadiums, arena and other sporting facilities where fixture use is not limited to intermissions. |
1:1-100 2:101-200 3:201-400 |
One per 50 up to 400 | 1:1-200 2:201-400 3:401-750 |
1:1-200 2:201-400 3:401-750 | |
| Over 400, add one fixture for each additional 300 males or 100 females. | Over 750, add one fixture for each additional 500 persons. | ||||
| For the assembly occupancies listed below, use the number of fixed seating or, where no fixed seating is provided, use 30 square feet (2.79 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Worship places Principal assembly area |
one per 150 one per 75 |
one per 2 water closets |
|||
| (( Educational and activity unit |
one per 125 one per 75 |
one per 2 water closets |
|||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 200 square feet (18.58 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures | |||||
| Group B and other clerical or administrative employee accessory use |
1:1-15 2:16-35 3:36-55 |
1:1-15
2:16-35 3:36-55 |
one per 2 water closets | ||
| Over 55, add one for each additional 50 persons. | |||||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 100 square feet ( 9.3 m2) per student for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group E Schools -- for staff use All schools (One staff per 20 students) |
1:1-15
2:16-35 3:36-55 |
1:1-15 2:16-35 3:36-55 | one per two water closets |
||
| Over 55, add one fixture for each additional 40 persons. | |||||
| Schools -- for student use Day care | 1:1-20 2:21-50 |
1:1-20 2:21-50 | 1:1-20 2:21-50 |
1:1-20 2:21-50 |
|
| Over 50, add one fixture for each additional 50 persons. | Over 50, add one fixture for each additional 50 persons. | ||||
| Elementary Secondary |
one per 30 one per 40 | one per 25 one per 30 | one per two water closets one per two water closets |
||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 50 square feet (4.65 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Education Facilities
other than Group E Others (colleges, universities, adult centers, etc.) |
one per 40 |
one per 25 |
one per two water closets |
||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 2,000 square feet (185.8 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group F and Group H Workshop, foundries and similar establishments, and hazardous occupancies |
1:1-10 2:11-25 3:26-50 4:51-75 5:76-100 |
1:1-10 2:11-25 3:26-50 4:51-75 5:76-100 |
one per two water closets | one shower for each 15 persons exposed to excessive heat or to skin contamination with irritating materials | |
| Over 100, add one fixture for each additional 30 persons. | |||||
| For the occupancies listed below, use the designated application and 200 square feet (18.58 m2) per occupant of the general use area for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group I 7 Hospital waiting rooms |
one per room (usable by either sex) |
one per room |
|||
| Hospital general use areas | 1:1-15 2:16-35 3:36-55 |
1:1-15 3:16-35 4:36-55 |
one per two water closets | ||
| Over 55, add one fixture for each additional 40 persons. | |||||
| Hospital patient rooms: Single Bed |
one adjacent to and directly accessible from |
one per toilet room |
one per toilet room |
||
| Isolation | one adjacent to and directly accessible from | one per toilet room | one per toilet room | ||
| Multi-Bed | one per four patients | one per four patients | one per eight patients | ||
| Long-term | one per four patients | one per four patients | one per 15 patients | ||
| Jails and reformatories Cell Exercise room |
one per cell one per exercise room |
one per cell one per exercise room |
|||
| Other institutions (on each occupied floor) | one per 25 | one per 25 | one per two water closets | one per eight | |
| Group LC For Group LC Occupancies, the minimum number of plumbing fixtures is specified in Section 313.5.5. | |||||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 200 square feet (18.58 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group M Retail or wholesale stores |
1:1-50 2:51-100 3:101-400 | 1:1-50 2:51-100 3:101-200 4:201-300 5:301-400 |
one per two water closets | ||
| Over 400, add one fixture for each additional 300 males or 150 females. | |||||
| For Group R Occupancies, dwelling units and hotel guest rooms, use the table below. For congregate residences, use 200 square feet (18.58 m2) per occupant for Group R, Division 1 Occupancies and 300 square feet (27.87 m2) per occupant for Group R, Division 3 Occupancies for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group R Dwelling units Hotel guest rooms |
one per dwelling unit one per guest room |
one per dwelling unit one per guest room |
one per dwelling unit one per guest room |
||
| Congregate residences | one per 10 | one per 8 | one per 12 | one per 12 | one per eight |
| Over 10, add one fixture for each additional 25 males and over 8, add one for each additional 20 females. | For females, add one additional unit per each additional 30. Over 150 persons, add one additional unit per each additional 20 persons. | ||||
| For the occupancies listed below, use 5,000 square feet (464.5 m2) per occupant for the minimum number of plumbing fixtures. | |||||
| Group S Warehouses |
1:10-10 2:11-25 3:26-50 4:51-75 5:76-100 |
1:10-10 2:11-25 3:26-50 4:51-75 5:76-100 |
One per 40 occupants of each sex. | one shower for each 15 persons exposed to excessive heat or to skin contamination with poisonous, infectious or irritating materials. | |
| Over 100, add one for each 30 persons. | |||||
| 1 | The figures shown are based on one fixture being the minimum required for the number of persons indicated or any fraction thereof. |
| 2 | For occupancies not shown, see Section 2902.1.1. |
| 3 | Where urinals are provided, one water closet less than the number specified may be provided for each urinal installed, except the number of water closets in such cases shall not be reduced to less than one quarter (25%) of the minimum specified. For men's facilities serving 26 or more persons, not less than one urinal shall be provided. |
| 4 | For drinking fountains, see Section 2903.4. |
| 5 | Twenty-four inches (610 mm) of wash sink or 18 inches (457 mm) of a circular basin, when provided with water outlets for such space, shall be considered equivalent to one lavatory. |
| 6 | For when a facility may be usable by either sex, see Section 2902.3.1. |
| 7 | See WAC 246-318-690 for definitions, other fixtures and equipment for hospitals. |
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-2929, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
3102.5.4 Emission Standards for Factory-built Fireplaces.
After January 1, 1997, no new or used factory-built fireplace
shall be installed in Washington State unless it is certified and
labeled in accordance with procedures and criteria specified in
the ((UBC)) Washington State Building Code Standard 31-2.
To certify an entire fireplace model line, the internal
assembly shall be tested to determine its particulate matter
emission performance. Retesting and recertifying is required if
the design and construction specifications of the fireplace model
line internal assembly change. Testing for certification shall
be performed by a Washington State Department of Ecology (DOE)
approved and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
accredited laboratory.
3102.7.14 Emission Standards for Certified Masonry and Concrete
Fireplaces. After January 1, 1997, new certified masonry or
concrete fireplaces installed in Washington State shall be tested
and labeled in accordance with procedures and criteria specified
in the ((UBC)) Washington State Building Code Standard 31-2.
To certify an entire fireplace model line, the internal
assembly shall be tested to determine its particulate matter
emission performance. Retesting and recertifying is required if
the design and construction specifications of the fireplace model
line internal assembly change. Testing for certification shall
be performed by a Washington State Department of Ecology (DOE)
approved and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
accredited laboratory.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-3102, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
((UNIFORM BUILDING CODE)) WASHINGTON STATE
BUILDING CODE STANDARD 31-2
STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM FIREPLACES
SECTION 31.200--TITLE and SCOPE.
SECTION 31.200.1--TITLE.
This Appendix Chapter 31-2 shall be known as the "Washington
State Standard Test Method for Particulate Emissions from
Fireplaces" and may be cited as such; and will be referred to
herein as "this Standard".
SECTION 31.200.2--SCOPE.
This Standard covers emissions performance,
approval/certification procedures, test laboratory accreditation,
record keeping, reporting requirements, and the test protocol for
measuring particulate emissions from fireplaces.
All testing, reporting and inspection requirements of this
Standard shall be conducted by a Washington State Department of
Ecology (DOE) approved testing laboratory. In order to qualify
for DOE approval, the test laboratory must be a U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) accredited laboratory (40
CFR Part 60, Subpart AAA). DOE may approve a test laboratory
upon submittal of the following information:
1. A copy of their U.S. EPA accreditation certificate; and
2. A description of their facilities, test equipment, and test-personnel qualifications including education and work experience.
DOE may revoke a test laboratory approval when the test
laboratory is no longer accredited by the U.S. EPA or if DOE
determines that the test laboratory does not adhere to the
testing requirements of this Chapter.
SECTION 31.201--DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this Standard certain terms
are defined as follows:
ANALYZER CALIBRATION ERROR is the difference between the gas
concentration exhibited by the gas analyzer and the known
concentration of the calibration gas when the calibration gas is
introduced directly to the analyzer.
BURN RATE is the average rate at which test-fuel is consumed in a
fireplace measured in kilograms of wood (dry basis) per hour
(kg/hr) during a test-burn.
CALIBRATION DRIFT is the difference in the analyzer reading from the
initial calibration response at a mid-range calibration value
after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled
maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place.
CALIBRATION GAS is a known concentration of Carbon Dioxide (CO2),
Carbon Monoxide (CO), or Oxygen (O2) in Nitrogen (N2).
CERTIFICATION or AUDIT TEST is the completion of at least one,
three-fuel-load test-burn cycle in accordance with Section
31.202.
FIREBOX is the chamber in the fireplace in which a test-fuel
charge(s) is placed and combusted.
FIREPLACE is a wood burning device which is exempt from U.S. EPA 40
CFR Part 60, Subpart AAA and:
1. is not a cookstove, boiler, furnace, or pellet stove as
defined in 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart AAA, and
2. is not a masonry heater as defined in Section 31.201, and
3. see Section 3102, Uniform Building Code for definitions
of masonry and factory-built fireplaces as used in this Standard.
FIREPLACE DESIGN is the construction and/or fabrication specifications
including all dimensions and materials required for manufacturing
or building fireplaces with identical combustion function and
particulate emissions factors.
FIREPLACE MODEL LINE is a series of fireplace models which all have the
same internal assembly. Each model in a model line may have
different facade designs and external decorative features.
FIREPLACE, CERTIFIED, is a fireplace that meets the emission
performance standards when tested according to UBC Standard 31-2.
FIREPLACE, NON-CERTIFIED, (masonry or concrete) is any fireplace that is
not a certified fireplace. A non-certified fireplace will be
subject to applicable burn ban restrictions.
INTERNAL ASSEMBLY is the core construction and firebox design which
produces the same function and emissions factor for a fireplace
model line.
MASONRY HEATER is a heating system of predominantly masonry
construction having a mass of at least 800 kg (1760 lbs),
excluding the chimney and foundation, which is designed to absorb
a substantial portion of the heat energy from a rapidly-burned
charge of solid fuel by:
a) routing of exhaust gases through internal heat exchange
channels in which the flow path downstream of the firebox
includes at least one 180 degree change in flow direction,
usually downward, before entering the chimney, and
b) being constructed of sufficient mass such that under
normal operating conditions the external surface of the heater,
except in the region immediately surrounding the fuel loading
door(s), does not exceed 110°C (230°F).
Masonry heaters shall be listed or installed in accordance with
ASTME-1602.
RESPONSE TIME is the amount of time required for the measurement
system to display 95 percent of a step change in gas
concentration.
SAMPLING SYSTEM BIAS is the difference between the gas concentrations
exhibited by the analyzer when a known concentration gas is
introduced at the outlet of the sampling probe and when the
sample gas is introduced directly to the analyzer.
SPAN is the upper limit of the gas concentration measurement range
(25 percent for CO2, O2, and 5 percent for CO).
TEST FACILITY is the area in which the fireplace is installed,
operated, and sampled for emissions.
TEST FUEL LOADING DENSITY is the weight of the as-fired test-fuel charge
per unit area of usable firebox floor (or hearth).
TEST-BURN is an individual emission test which encompasses the time
required to consume the mass of three consecutively burned
test-fuel charges.
TEST-FUEL CHARGE is the collection of test fuel pieces placed in the
fireplace at the start of certification test.
USABLE FIREBOX AREA is the floor (or hearth) area, within the fire
chamber of a fireplace upon which a fire may be, or is intended
to be built. Usable firebox area is calculated using the
following definitions:
1. Length. The longest horizontal fire chamber dimension
along the floor of the firebox that is parallel to a wall of the
fire chamber.
2. Width. The shortest horizontal fire chamber dimension
along the floor of the firebox that is parallel to a wall of the
fire chamber.
3. For angled or curved firebox walls and/or sides, the
effective usable firebox area shall be determined by calculating
the sum of standard geometric areas or sub-areas of the firebox
floor.
If a fireplace has a floor area within the fire chamber
which is larger than the area upon which it is intended that fuel
be placed and burned, the usable firebox area shall be calculated
as the sum of standard geometric areas or sub-areas of the area
intended for fuel placement and burning. For fireplace grates
which elevate the fuel above the firebox floor, usable firebox
area determined in this manner shall be multiplied by a factor of
1.5. The weight of test-fuel charges for fireplace-grate
usable-firebox-area tests, shall not exceed the weight of
test-fuel charges determined for the entire fireplace floor area.
ZERO DRIFT is the difference in the analyzer reading from the
initial calibration response at the zero concentration level
after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled
maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place.
Section 31.202--Testing.
31.202.1 Applicability. This method is applicable for the
certification and auditing of fireplace particulate emission
factors. This method describes the test facility, fireplace
installation requirements, test-fuel charges, and fireplace
operation as well as procedures for determining burn rates and
particulate emission factors.
31.202.2 Principle. Particulate matter emissions are measured
from a fireplace burning prepared test-fuel charges in a test
facility maintained at a set of prescribed conditions.
31.202.3 Test Apparatus.
31.202.3.1 Fireplace Temperature Monitors. Device(s) capable of
measuring flue-gas temperature to within 1.5 percent of expected
absolute temperatures.
31.202.3.2 Test Facility Temperature Monitor. A thermocouple
located centrally in a vertically oriented pipe shield 6 inches
(150 mm) long, 2 inches (50 mm) diameter that is open at both
ends, capable of measuring air temperature to within 1.5 percent
of expected absolute temperatures.
31.202.3.3 Balance. Balance capable of weighing the test-fuel
charge(s) to within 0.1 lb (0.05 kg).
31.202.3.4 Moisture Meter. Calibrated electrical resistance
meter for measuring test-fuel moisture to within 1 percent
moisture content (dry basis).
31.202.3.5 Anemometer. Device capable of detecting air
velocities less than 20 ft/min (0.10 m/sec), for measuring air
velocities near the fireplace being tested.
31.202.3.6 Barometer. Mercury, aneroid or other barometer
capable of measuring atmospheric pressure to within 0.1 inch Hg
(2.5 mm Hg).
31.202.3.7 Draft Gauge. Electromanometer or other device for the
determination of flue draft (i.e., static pressure) readable to
within 0.002 inches of water column (0.50 Pa).
31.202.3.8 Combustion Gas Analyzer. Combustion gas analyzers for
measuring Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and Oxygen
(O2) in the fireplace exhaust-gas stream must meet all of the
following measurement system performance specifications:
1. Analyzer Calibration Error. Shall be less than ± 2
percent of the span value for the zero, mid-range, and high-range
calibration gases.
2. Sampling System Bias. Shall be less than ± 5 percent of
the span value for the zero, mid-range, and high-range
calibration gases.
3. Zero Drift. Shall be less than ± 3 percent of the span
over the period of each run.
4. Calibration Drift. Shall be less than ± 3 percent of the
span value over the period of each run.
5. Response Time. Shall be less than 1.5 minutes.
31.202.4 Emissions Sampling Method. Use the emission sampler
system (ESS) as described in Section 31.203.12 or an equivalent
method as determined by the application of the U.S. EPA Method
301 Validation Procedure (Federal Register, December 12, 1992,
Volume 57, Number 250, page 11998) and upon approval of DOE.
31.202.5 Fireplace Installation and Test Facility Requirements. The fireplace being tested must be constructed, if site-built, or
installed, if manufactured, in accordance with the
designer's/manufacturer's written instructions. The chimney
shall have a total vertical height above the base of the fire
chamber of not less than 15 feet (4 600 mm). The fireplace
chimney exit to the atmosphere must be freely communicating with
the fireplace combustion makeup-air source. There shall be no
artificial atmospheric pressure differential imposed between the
chimney exit to the atmosphere and the fireplace makeup-air
inlet.
31.202.6 Fireplace Aging and Curing. A fireplace of any type
shall be aged before certification testing begins. The aging
procedure shall be conducted and documented by the testing
laboratory.
31.202.6.1 Catalyst-Equipped Fireplaces. Operate the
catalyst-equipped fireplace using fuel described in Section
31.203. Operate the fireplace with a new catalytic combustor in
place and in operation for at least 50 hours. Record and report
hourly catalyst exit temperatures, the hours of operation, and
the weight of all fuel used.
31.202.6.2 Non-Catalyst-Equipped Fireplaces. Operate the
fireplace using the fuel described in Section 31.203 for at least
10 hours. Record and report the hours of operation and weight of
all fuel used.
31.202.7 Pretest Preparation. Record the test-fuel charge
dimensions, moisture content, weights, and fireplace (and
catalyst if equipped) descriptions.
The fireplace description shall include photographs showing
all externally observable features and drawings showing all
internal and external dimensions needed for fabrication and/or
construction. The drawings must be verified as representing the
fireplace being tested and signed by an authorized representative
of the testing laboratory.
31.202.8 Test Facility Conditions. Locate the test facility
temperature monitor on the horizontal plane that includes the
primary air intake opening for the fireplace. Locate the
temperature monitor 3 to 6 feet (1 000 to 2 000 mm) from the
front of the fireplace in the 90° sector in front of the
fireplace. Test facility temperatures shall be maintained
between 65° and 90°F (18° and 32°C). Use an anemometer to
measure the air velocity. Measure and record the room-air
velocity within 2 feet (600 mm) of the test fireplace before test
initiation and once immediately following the test-burn
completion. Air velocity shall be less than 50 feet/minute (250
mm/second) without the fireplace operating.
Section 31.203--Test protocol.
31.203.1 Test Fuel. Fuel shall be air dried Douglas fir
dimensional lumber or cordwood without naturally associated bark.
Fuel pieces shall not be less than 1/2 nor more than 5/6 of the
length of the average fire chamber width. Fuel shall be split or
cut into pieces with no cross-sectional dimension greater than 6
inches (152 mm). Spacers, if used, shall not exceed 3/4 inches
(19 mm) in thickness and 15 percent of the test-fuel charge
weight. Fuel moisture shall be in the range of 16 to 20 percent
(wet basis) or 19 to 25 percent (dry basis) meter reading.
31.203.2 Test-Fuel Loading Density. The wet (with moisture)
minimum weight of each test-fuel charge shall be calculated by
multiplying the hearth area in square feet by 7.0 pounds per
square foot (square meters x 0.30 kg/m2) (± 10 percent). Three
test-fuel charges shall be prepared for each test-burn.
31.203.3 Kindling. The initial test-fuel charge of the three
test-fuel charge test-burn shall be started by using a
kindling-fuel charge which is up to 50 percent of the first
test-fuel charge weight. Kindling-fuel pieces can be any size
needed to start the fire or whatever is recommended in the
manufacturer's (builder's) instructions to consumers. The
kindling-fuel charge weight is not part of the initial test-fuel
charge weight but is in addition to it.
31.203.4 Test-Burn Ignition. The fire can be started with or
without paper. If used, the weight of the paper must be included
in test-fuel charge weight. The remainder of the test-fuel
charge may be added at any time after kindling ignition except
that the entire first test-fuel charge must be added within 10
minutes after the start of the test (i.e., the time at which the
flue-gas temperature at the 8-foot (2 440 mm) level is over 25°F
(14°C) greater than the ambient temperature of the test
facility).
31.203.5 Test Initiation. Emissions and flue-gas sampling are
initiated immediately after the kindling has been ignited and
when flue-gas temperatures in the center of the flue at an
elevation of 8 feet (2 440 mm) above the base (floor) of the fire
chamber reach 25°F (14°C) greater than the ambient temperature of
the test facility.
31.203.6 Sampling Parameters. Sampling (from the 8-foot [2 440
mm] flue-gas temperature measurement location) must include:
1. Particulate Emissions
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)1
3. Carbon Monoxide (CO)1
4. Oxygen (O2)1
5. Temperature(s)
If a fireplace is equipped with an emissions control device
which is located downstream from the 8-foot (2 440 mm) flue-gas
temperature measurement location, a second temperature,
particulate, and gaseous emissions sampling location must be
located downstream from the emissions control device but not less
than 4 flue diameters upstream from the flue exit to the
atmosphere. The two sampling locations must be sampled
simultaneously during testing for each fireplace configuration
being tested.1
These gases shall be measured on-line (real-time) and recorded at a frequency of not less than once every 5 minutes. These 5-minute readings are to be arithmetically averaged over the test-burn series or alternatively, a gas bag sample can
be taken at a constant sample rate over the entire test-burn series and analyzed for the required gases within one hour of
the end of the test-burn.
31.203.7 Test-Fuel Additions and Test Completion. The second and
third test-fuel charges for a test-burn may be placed and burned
in the fire chamber at any time deemed reasonable by the operator
or when recommended by the manufacturer's and/or builder's
instructions to consumers.
No additional kindling may be added after the start of a
test-burn series and the flue-gas temperature at the 8-foot (2
440 mm) level above the base of the hearth must always be 25°F
(14°C) greater than the ambient temperature of the test facility
for a valid test-burn series. Each entire test-fuel charge must
be added within 10 minutes from the addition of the first piece.
A test (i.e., a three test-fuel charge test-burn series) is
completed and all sampling and measurements are stopped when all
three test-fuel charges have been consumed (to more than 90
percent by weight) in the firebox and the 8-foot (2 440 mm) level
flue-gas temperature drops below 25°F (14°C) greater than the
ambient temperature of the test facility. Within 5 minutes after
the test-burn is completed and all measurements and sampling has
stopped, the remaining coals and/or unburned fuel, shall be
extinguished with a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. All of the
remaining coals, unburned fuel, and ash shall be removed from the
firebox and weighed to the nearest 0.1 pound (0.05 kg). The
weight of these unburned materials and ash shall be subtracted
from the total test-burn fuel weight when calculating the
test-burn burn rate. A test-burn is invalid if less than 90
percent of the weight of the total test-fuel charges plus the
kindling weight have been consumed in the fireplace firebox.
31.203.8 Test-Fuel Charge (Load) Adjustments. Test-fuel charges
may be adjusted (i.e., repositioned) once during the burning of
each test-fuel charge. The time used to make this adjustment
shall be less than 15 seconds.
31.203.9 Air Supply Adjustment. Air supply controls, if the
fireplace is equipped with controls, may not be adjusted during
any test-burn series after the first 10 minutes of startup of
each fuel load. All air supply settings must be set to the
lowest level at the start of a test and shall remain at the
lowest setting throughout a test-burn.
31.203.10 Auxiliary Fireplace Equipment Operation. Heat exchange
blowers (standard or optional) sold with the fireplace shall be
operated during all test-burns following the manufacturer's
written instructions. If no manufacturer's written instructions
are available, operate the heat exchange blower in the "high"
position. (Automatically operated blowers shall be operated as
designed.) Shaker grates, by-pass controls, afterburners, or
other auxiliary equipment may be adjusted only once per test-fuel
charge following the manufacturer's written instructions. Record
and report all adjustments on a fireplace operational
written-record.
31.203.11 Fireplace Configurations. One, 3 test-fuel charge
test-burn shall be conducted for each of the following fireplace
operating configurations:
1. Door(s) closed, with hearth grate;
2. Door(s) open, with hearth grate;
3. Door(s) closed, without hearth grate;
4. Door(s) open, without hearth grate; and
5. With no doors, and draft inducer on.
No test-burn series is necessary for any configuration the
appliance design cannot or is not intended to accommodate. If a
configuration is not tested, the reason must be submitted with
the test report and the appliance label must state that the
appliance cannot be used in that configuration by consumer users.
One emission factor result, or one emission factor average,
as provided in paragraph 31.203.11.2, from each fireplace
configuration tested shall be compiled into an arithmetic average
of all the configurations tested for determining compliance with
the requirements of paragraph 31.204.2.
31.203.11.1 Closed-Door(s) Testing. For all closed-door test
configurations, the door(s) must be closed within 10 minutes from
the addition of the first test-fuel piece of each test-fuel
charge in a test-burn. During a test-burn, the door(s) cannot be
re-opened except during test-fuel reload and adjustment as
referenced in Sections 31.203.7 and 31.203.8.
31.203.11.2 Additional Test-Burn. The testing laboratory may
conduct more than one test-burn series for each of the applicable
configurations specified in Section 31.203.11. If more than one
test-burn is conducted for a specified configuration, the results
from at least 2/3 of the test-burns for that configuration shall
be used in calculating the arithmetic average emission factor for
that configuration. The measurement data and results of all
tests conducted shall be reported regardless of which values are
used in calculating the average emission factor for that
configuration.
31.203.12 Emissions Sampling System (ESS).
31.203.12.1 Principle. Figure 31-2-1 shows a schematic of an ESS
for sampling solid-fuel-fired fireplace emissions. Except as
specified in Section 31.202.4, an ESS in this configuration shall
be used to sample all fireplace emissions. The ESS shall draw
flue gases through a 15 inch (380 mm) long, 3/8 inch (10 mm) O.D.
stainless steel probe which samples from the center of the flue
at an elevation which is 8 feet (2 440 mm) above the floor of the
firebox (i.e., the hearth). A flue-gas sample shall then travel
through a 3/8 inch (10 mm) O.D. TeflonŠ tube, and a heated U.S.
EPA Method 5-type glass-fiber filter (40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A)
for collection of particulate matter. The filter shall be
followed by an in-line flow-through cartridge containing 20 grams
of XAD-2 sorbent resin for collecting semi-volatile hydrocarbons.
Water vapor shall then be removed from the sampled gas by a
silica-gel trap. Flue-gas oxygen concentrations, which shall be
used to determine the ratio of flue-gas volume to the amount of
fuel burned, are measured within the ESS system by an
electrochemical cell meeting the performance specifications
presented in Section 31.202.3.8 (1.).
The ESS shall use a critical orifice to maintain a nominal
flue-gas sampling rate of 0.035 cfm (0.0167 liters per second). The actual flow rate through each critical orifice shall be
determined to within 0.000354 cubic feet (0.01 liters) per second
before and after each test-burn with a bubble flow meter to
document exact sampling rates. The post-test-burn
critical-orifice flow-rate determinations shall be performed
before the ESS is dismantled for sample recovery and clean-up. Pre-test-burn and post-test-burn critical-orifice flow-rate
measurements shall be within 0.0000117 cubic feet (0.00033
liters) per second of each other or the test-burn emissions
results shall be invalid. Temperatures shall be monitored using
type K ground-isolated, stainless-steel-sheathed thermocouples.
The ESS unit shall return particle-free and dry exhaust gas
to the flue via a 1/4 inch (6 mm) TeflonŠ line and a 15 inch (380
mm) stainless steel probe inserted into the flue. A subsample
aliquot of the flue-gas sample-gas stream exiting the ESS unit,
shall be pumped into a 1 cubic foot (29 liter) TedlarŠ bag for
measuring the average carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and
confirmation of average oxygen concentrations for the test
period. Flow to the subsample gas bag shall be controlled by a
solenoid valve connected to the main pump circuit and a
fine-adjust needle-controlled flow valve. The solenoid valve
shall be open only when the pump is activated, allowing the
subsample gas to be pumped into the gas bag at all times when the
ESS pump is on. The rate of flow into the bag shall be
controlled by the fine-adjust metering needle-valve which is
adjusted at setup so that 4.7 to 5.2 gal (18 to 20 liters) of gas
is collected over the entire 3 test-fuel charge test-burn without
over-pressurizing the gas sample bag.
| (WAC 51-40-31200, Figure 31-2-1) Place illustration here. |
31.203.12.2 The Data Acquisition and Control System. The data acquisition and control system for the ESS is shown in Figure 31-2-2. This system consists of a personal computer (PC) containing an analog-to-digital data processing board (12-bit precision), a terminal (connection) box, and specialized data acquisition and system control software (called CONLOG).
| (WAC 51-40-31200, Figure 31-2-2) Place illustration here. |
For fireplace testing, the CONLOG software is configured to control, collect, and store the following data:
1. Test-period starting and ending times and dates, and
total length of sampling period,
2. Pump-cycle on/off, cycle length and thermocouple (TC)
cycle recording interval (frequency),
3. Temperature records, including flue-gas and ambient
temperatures, averaged over pre-selected intervals,
4. Date, times, and weights of each added fuel load, and
5. Flue-gas oxygen measurements taken during each sample
cycle.
During testing, instantaneous readings of real-time data
shall be displayed on the system status screen. These data shall
include the date, time, temperatures for each of the TCs, and
flue-gas oxygen concentrations. The most recent 15 sets of
recorded data shall also be displayed.
Flue-gas sampling and the recording of flue-gas oxygen
concentrations shall only occur when flue-gas temperatures are
above 25°F (14°C) greater than the ambient temperature of the
test facility. Temperatures and fueling shall always be recorded
at five-minute intervals regardless of flue-gas temperature. The
ESS sampling-pump operating cycle shall be adjustable as
described in Section 31.203.12.3.
31.203.12.3 ESS Sampling-Pump Operating Cycle. The ESS
sampling-pump operating cycle shall be adjusted to accommodate
variable test-fuel charge sizes, emission factors, and the length
of time needed to complete a test-burn series. The sampler-pump
operation shall be adjustable from 1 second to 5 minutes (100
percent) "on" for every 5-minute test-burn data-recording
interval. This will allow adjustment for the amount of
anticipated emissions materials that will be sampled and
deposited on the ESS filter, XAD-2, and the other system
components. It is recommended that the minimum sample quantities
stipulated in Section 31.203.12.4 be used to calculate the
appropriate pump cycle "on" and "off" periods. It should be
noted that if the sampler collects too much particulate material
on the filter and in the XAD-2 cartridge, the unit may fail the
sample flow calibration check required at the end of each
test-burn.
31.203.12.4 Minimum Sample Quantities. For each complete 3
test-fuel charge test-burn, the ESS must catch a minimum total
particulate material mass of at least 0.231 grains (15 mg). Alternatively, the ESS must sample a minimum of 10 cubic feet
(283 liters) during each 3 test-fuel charge test-burn. If this
volume cannot be sampled in the test-burn time period, two ESS
samplers must be utilized to sample fireplace emissions
simultaneously during each test-burn. If emissions results from
the two ESSs are different by more than 10 percent of the lower
emissions-factor result, the test-burn results are invalid. An
arithmetic average is calculated for test-burn results when two
ESSs are utilized.
31.203.12.5 Equipment Preparation and Sample Processing
Procedures.
31.203.12.5.1. Prior to emissions testing, the ESS unit shall be
prepared with a new, tared glass-fiber filter and a clean XAD-2
sorbent-resin cartridge. Within 3 hours after testing is
completed, the stainless steel sampling probe, TeflonŠ sampling
line, filter holder, and XAD-2 cartridge(s) shall be removed from
the test site and transported to the laboratory for processing. Each component of the ESS sampler shall be processed as follows:
1. Filter: The glass fiber filter (4 inches (102 mm) in
diameter) shall be removed from the ESS filter housing and placed
in a petri dish for desiccation and gravimetric analysis.
2. XAD-2 sorbent-resin cartridge: The sorbent-resin
cartridge shall be extracted in a Soxhlet extractor with
dichloromethane for 24 hours. The extraction solution shall be
transferred to a tared glass beaker and evaporated in an
ambient-air dryer. The beaker with dried residue shall then be
desiccated to constant weight (less than ± 0.5 mg change within a
2-hour period), and the extractable residue shall be weighed.
3. ESS hardware: All hardware components which are in the
flue-gas sample stream (stainless steel probe, TeflonŠ sampling
line, stainless steel filter housing, and all other TeflonŠ and
stainless steel fittings) through the top of the sorbent-resin
cartridge, shall be cleaned with a solvent mixture of 50 percent
dichloromethane and 50 percent methanol. The cleaning solvent
solutions shall be placed in tared glass beakers, evaporated in
an ambient-air dryer, desiccated to constant weight (less than ±
0.5 mg change within a 2-hour period), and weighed.
EPA Method 5H procedures (40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A) for
desiccation and weighing time intervals shall be followed for
steps 1 through 3 above.
31.203.12.5.2 The ESS shall be serviced both at the start and end
of a fireplace testing period. During installation, leak checks
shall be performed; the thermocouples, fuel-weighing scale, and
oxygen-cell shall be calibrated, and the data logger shall be
programmed. At the end of the test period, final calibration,
and leak-check procedures shall again be performed, and the ESS
sampling line, filter housing, XAD-2 cartridge, sampling probe,
and TedlarŠ bag shall be removed, sealed, and transported to the
laboratory for analysis. If the pre-test and post-test leak
checks of the ESS system exceed 0.00033 liters per second, the
test-burn emission results shall be invalid.
31.203.12.6 Data Processing and Quality Assurance.
31.203.12.6.1 Upon returning to the laboratory facilities, the
data file (computer disk) shall be reviewed to check for proper
equipment operation. The data-logger data files, log books, and
records maintained by field staff shall be reviewed to ensure
sample integrity.
The computer-logged data file shall be used in conjunction
with the ESS particulate samples and sample-gas bag analyses to
calculate the emission factor, emission rate, and fireplace
operational parameters. An example ESS results report is
presented in Table 31-2-A.
31.203.12.6.2 Burning Period. The total burning period is
calculated by:
Total Burning Period= (Length of each sample cycle) x (Number of
flue temperature readings over 25°F (14°C) greater than the
ambient temperature of the test facility).
WHERE:
1. Length of each sample cycle: The time between each temperature recording as configured in the CONLOG software settings (standardized at 5 minutes).
2. Number of flue temperature readings during fireplace use:
The total number of temperature readings when the calibrated
temperature value was more than 25°F (14°C) greater than the
ambient temperature of the test facility.
31.203.12.6.3 Particulate Emissions.
31.203.12.6.3.1 ESS Particulate Emission Factor. The equation
for the total ESS particulate emission factor for each test-burn
presented below produces reporting units of grams per dry
kilogram of fuel burned (g/kg):
Particulate emission factor (g/kg) |
= |
(Particulate Catch) x (Stoichiometric Volume) x (Flue-gas Dilution Factor) (Sampling Time) x (Sampling Rate) |
1. Particulate Catch: The total mass, in grams, of particulate material caught on the filter, in the XAD-2 resin cartridge (semi-volatile compounds); and in the probe clean-up and rinse solutions.
2. Stoichiometric Volume: Stoichiometric volume is the
volume of dry air needed to completely combust one dry kilogram
of fuel with no "excess air". This value is determined by using
a chemical reaction balance between the specific fuel being used
and the chemical components of air. The stoichiometric volume
for Douglas fir is 86.78 cubic feet per pound (5 404 liters per
dry kilogram) at 68°F (20°C) and 29.92 inches (760 mm) of mercury
pressure.
3. Flue-gas Dilution Factor: The degree to which the
sampled combustion gases have been diluted in the flue by air in
excess of the stoichiometric volume (called excess air). The
dilution factor is obtained by using the average sampled carbon
dioxide and carbon monoxide values obtained from the sample gas
bag analyses and the following equation.
| 18.53 + ((1- (CO2 + 1/2 CO)) x 2.37) 18.53 |
||
| Flue-Gas Dilution Factor | = | |
| (CO2 + 1/2 CO) |
| Note: | Multiplying the g/kg emission factor by the burn rate (dry kg/hr) yields particulate emissions in grams per hour (g/hr). Burn rate
is calculated by the following equation: |
|
| Burn Rate (kg/hr) = | Total Fuel (kg) Total Burn Period (hours) |
|
Total Fuel is the total fuel added during the entire test-burn minus the remaining unburned materials at the end of the test-burn.
4. Sampling Time: The number of minutes the sampler pump
operated during the total test-burn period.
5. Sampling Rate: Sampling rate is controlled by the
critical orifice installed in the sampler. The actual calibrated
sampling rate is used here.
31.203.12.6.3.2 EPA Method 5H Particulate Emissions. ESS-measured emissions factors submitted to DOE for approval must
first be converted to U.S. EPA Method 5H equivalents. The ESS
particulate emissions factor results obtained in Section
31.203.12.6.1 are converted to be equivalent to the U.S. EPA
Method 5H emissions factor results by the following equation:
WHERE:
PEF is the ESS-measured particulate emission factor for a test-burn.
31.203.12.6.4 CO Emissions. The carbon monoxide (CO) emission
factor equation produces grams of CO per dry kilogram of fuel
burned. The grams per kilogram equation includes some equation
components described above.
CO emission factor (g/kg) = |
(Fraction CO) x (Stoich. Volume) x (Dilution Factor) x (Molecular Weight of CO) (24.45 L/mole) |
1. Fraction CO: The fraction of CO measured in the gas sampling bag.
| Note: | Percent CO divided by 100 gives the fraction CO. |
Multiplying the results of the above equation by the burn rate
(dry kg/hr) yields the grams per hour (g/hr) CO emission rate.
| ESS Emission Results | ||||
Test Facility Location: Test Laboratory: Test-Burn Number: Start Time/Date: End Time/Date: Fireplace Model: |
xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx xxxx |
|||
| TIME Total Test Period Total Burn Time Flue >25 Degrees F above ambient temperature |
152.3 hours 64.6 hours 42.4 % |
CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS Gram / Kilogram Gram / Hour Gram / Cubic Meter |
48.0 g/kg 64.0 g/hr 1.25 g/m3 |
|
ESS SETTINGS ESS Sample Rate Sample Cycle Sample Time / Sample Cycle |
1.004 l/min 5.0 min 0.443 min |
AVERAGE TEMPERATURES Fuel-Gas Temperatures Flue Exit Temperature Test Facility Ambient Temperature |
275 °F 135 °C 308 °F 154 °C 66 °F 19 °C |
|
| TEST FUEL Total Fuel Used (wet weight) Ave. Fuel Moisture (dry basis) Total Fuel Used (dry weight) Average Test-Fuel Charge Average Burn Rate kg/hr |
101.3 kg 17.7 % 86.1 kg 14.5 kg 1.33 dry |
AVERAGE FLUE-GAS CONCENTRATIONS |
||
| Flue Oxygen (SE) Flue Oxygen (gas bag or analyzer) Flue CO (gas bag or analyzer) Flue CO2 (gas bag or analyzer) |
18.15 % 18.05 % 0.10 % 2.60 % |
|||
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS (EPA Method 5H Equivalents) |
BREAKDOWN OF ESS PARTICULATE SAMPLE |
|||
| Gram / Kilogram Gram / Hour Gram / Cubic Meter |
2.6 g/kg 3.4 g/hr 0.06 g/m3 |
Rinse XAD Filter Blank TOTAL |
25.5 mg 6.3 mg 15.7 mg 0.0 mg 47.4 mg |
|
NM = Not Measured, NA = Not Applicable, NU = Not Used
Total time flue temperature greater than 25 °F over ambient temperature.
TEST PERFORMED BY: XYZ Testing International, Olympia
Washington, 98504
31.203.13 Calibrations.
31.203.13.1 Balance. Before each certification test, the balance
used for weighing test-fuel charges shall be audited by weighing
at least one calibration weight (Class F) that corresponds to 20
percent to 80 percent of the expected test-fuel charge weight. If the scale cannot reproduce the value of the calibration weight
within 0.1 lb (0.05 kg) or 1 percent of the expected test-fuel
charge weight, whichever is greater, re-calibrate the scale
before use with at least five calibration weights spanning the
operational range of the scale.
31.203.13.2 Temperature Monitor. Calibrate the temperature
monitor before the first certification test and semiannually
thereafter.
31.203.13.3 Fuel Moisture Meter. Calibrate the fuel moisture
meter as per the manufacturer's instructions before each
certification test.
31.203.13.4 Anemometer. Calibrate the anemometer as specified by
the manufacturer's instructions before the first certification
test and semiannually thereafter.
31.203.13.5 Barometer. Calibrate the barometer against a mercury
barometer before the first certification test and semiannually
thereafter.
31.203.13.6 Draft Gauge. Calibrate the Draft Gauge as per the
manufacturer's instructions; a liquid manometer does not require
calibration.
31.203.13.7 ESS. The ESS shall be calibrated as specified in
Section 31.203.12.1.
31.203.14 Reporting Criteria. Submit both raw and reduced data
for all fireplace tests. Specific reporting requirements are as
follows:
31.203.14.1 Fireplace Identification. Report fireplace
identification information including manufacturer, model, and
serial number. Include a copy of fireplace installation and
operation manuals.
31.203.14.2 Test Facility Information. Report test facility
location, temperature, and air velocity information.
31.203.14.3 Test Equipment Calibration and Audit Information. Report calibration and audit results for the test-fuel balance,
test-fuel moisture meter, analytical balance, and sampling
equipment including volume metering systems and gaseous
analyzers.
31.203.14.4 Pretest Information and Conditions. Report all
pretest conditions including test-fuel charge weight, fireplace
temperatures, and air supply settings.
31.203.14.5 Particulate Emission Data. Report a summary of test
results for all test-burns conducted and the arithmetically
averaged emission factor for all test-burns used for
certification. Submit copies of all data sheets and other
records collected during the testing. Submit examples of all
calculations.
31.203.14.6 Required Test Report Information and Suggested
Format. Test report information requirements to be provided to
DOE for approval/certification of fireplaces are presented in
this Standard. The requirements are presented here in a
recommended report format.
31.203.14.6.1 Introduction.
1. Purpose of test: Certification or audit.
2. Fireplace identification: Manufacturer, model number,
catalytic/non-catalytic, and options. Include a copy of
fireplace installation and operation manuals.
3. Laboratory: Name, location, and participants.
4. Test information: Date fireplace was received, date of
tests, sampling methods used, and number of test-burns.
31.203.14.6.2 Summary and Discussion of Results.
1. Table of results: Test-burn number, burn rate,
particulate emission factor (in U.S. EPA Method 5H equivalents),
efficiency (if determined), and averages (indicate which
test-burns are used).
2. Summary of other data: Test facility conditions, surface
temperature averages, catalyst temperature averages, test-fuel
charge weights, and test-burn times.
3. Discussion: Specific test-burn problems and solutions.
31.203.14.6.3 Process Description.
1. Fireplace dimensions: Volume, height, width, lengths (or
other linear dimensions), weight, and hearth area.
2. Firebox configuration: Air supply locations and
operation, air supply introduction location, refractory location
and dimensions, catalyst location, baffle and by-pass location
and operation (include line drawings and photographs).
3. Process operation during test: Air supply settings and
adjustments, fuel bed adjustments, and draft.
4. Test fuel: Test fuel properties (moisture and
temperature), test fuel description (include line drawing or
photograph), and test fuel charge density.
31.203.14.6.4 Sampling Locations. Describe sampling location
relative to fireplace. Include linedrawings and photographs.
31.203.14.6.5 Sampling and Analytical Procedures.
1. Sampling methods: Brief reference to operational and
sampling procedures, and optional and alternative procedures
used.
2. Analytical methods: Brief description of sample recovery
and analysis procedures.
31.203.14.6.6 Quality Control and Assurance Procedures and
Results.
1. Calibration procedures and results: Certification,
sampling, and analysis procedures.
2. Test method quality control procedures: Leak-checks,
volume-meter checks, stratification (velocity) checks, and
proportionality results.
31.203.14.6.7 Appendices.
1. Results and Example Calculations. Include complete
summary tables and accompanying examples of all calculations.
2. Raw Data. Include copies of all uncorrected data sheets
for sampling measurements, temperature records, and sample
recovery data. Include copies of all burn rate and fireplace
temperature data.
3. Sampling and Analytical Procedures. Include detailed
description of procedures followed by laboratory personnel in
conducting the certification test, emphasizing particularly,
parts of the procedures differing from the prescribed methods
(e.g., DOE approved alternatives).
4. Calibration Results. Summary of all calibrations,
checks, and audits pertinent to certification test results
including dates.
5. Participants. Test personnel, manufacturer
representatives, and regulatory observers.
6. Sampling and Operation Records. Copies of uncorrected
records of activities not included on raw data sheets (e.g.,
fireplace door open times and durations).
7. Additional Information. Fireplace manufacturer's written
instructions for operation during the certification test and
copies of the production-ready (print-ready) temporary and
permanent labels required in Section 31.208 shall be included in
the test report prepared by the test laboratory.
31.203.14.7 References.
1. Code of Federal Regulations, U.S. EPA Title 40, Part 60,
Subpart AAA and Appendix A (40 CFR Part 60).
2. Barnett, S. G. and P. G. Fields, 1991, "In-Home
Performance of Exempt Pellet Stoves in Medford, Oregon," prepared
for U.S. Department of Energy, Oregon Department of Energy,
Tennessee Valley Authority, and Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality, July 1991.
3. Barnett, S. G. and R. R. Roholt, 1990, "In-Home
Performance of Certified Pellet Stoves in Medford and Klamath
Falls, Oregon," prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, 1990.
4. Barnett, S. G., 1990, "Field Performance of Advanced
Technology Woodstoves in Glens Falls, New York, 1988-1989," for
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, U.S.
EPA, Coalition of Northeastern Governors, Canadian Combustion
Research Laboratory, and the Wood Heating Alliance, December
1989.
Section 31.204--Approval procedure for fireplaces.
On or after the effective date of this regulation, a
manufacturer or builder of a fireplace who wishes to have a
fireplace model line or fireplace design designated as an
approved (or certified) fireplace, shall submit to DOE for its
review the following information:
31.204.1 Manufacturer name and street address, model or design
identification, construction specifications, and drawings of the
firebox and required chimney system.
31.204.2 A test report prepared in accordance with Section
31.203.14.6 showing that testing has been conducted by a DOE
approved and U.S. EPA accredited laboratory, and that the
arithmetically averaged particulate emission factors for that
fireplace model line or design, tested in accordance with UBC
Standard Section 31.202, does not exceed 7.3 g/kg (U.S. EPA
Method 5H equivalent as determined in Section 31.203.12.6.3.2)
for a factory-built fireplace model lines or designs or 12.0 g/kg
(U.S. EPA Method 5H equivalent as determined in Section
31.203.12.6.3.2) for new certified masonry fireplace model lines
or designs. After January 1, 1999, particulate emission factors
for factory-built and new certified masonry fireplace model lines
or designs shall not exceed 7.3 g/kg (U.S. EPA Method 5H
equivalents as determined in Section 31.203.12.6.3.2).
Section 31.205--Approval of non-tested fireplaces.
On or after the effective date of this regulation, DOE may
grant approval for a fireplace model line or design that has not
been tested pursuant to Section 31.204 upon submission of the
following by the applicant:
31.205.1 Manufacturer name and street address, model or
design identification, construction specifications, and drawings
of the internal assembly system.
31.205.2 Documentation from an EPA accredited laboratory
that the model is a fireplace within the definition of this
regulation, has substantially the same core construction as a
model already tested by a DOE approved and EPA accredited
laboratory, and is substantially similar to the approved model in
internal assembly design, combustion function, and probable
emissions performance as listed in Section 31.204.2.
Section 31.206--Approval through alternative test protocol.
As provided in Section 31.202.4, an alternative testing
protocol may be submitted by a DOE approved and EPA accredited
laboratory for acceptance by DOE as equivalent to Uniform
Building Code Standard 31-2.
Section 31.207--Approval termination.
All fireplace model line or design approvals shall terminate
five years from the approval date. Previously approved fireplace
model line and/or design may be granted re-approval
(re-certification) upon application to and review by DOE. No
testing shall be required for fireplace model line or design
re-approvals unless DOE determines that design changes have been
incorporated into the fireplace that could adversely affect the
emissions factor, or testing is otherwise stipulated by DOE.
DOE may revoke a fireplace model line or design approval
certification if it is determined that the fireplaces being
produced in a specific model line do not comply with the
requirements of Section 31.200. Such a determination shall be
based on all available evidence, including:
1. Test data from a retesting (audit test) of the original
unit on which the certification test was conducted or a sample
unit from the current model line;
2. A finding that the certification test was not valid;
3. A finding that the labeling of the fireplace does not
comply with the requirements of Section 31.200;
4. Failure by the fireplace manufacturer (builder) to comply
with reporting and record keeping requirements under Section
31.200;
5. Physical examination showing that a significant
percentage of production units inspected are not similar in all
material respects to the fireplace submitted for testing; or
6. Failure of the manufacturer to conduct a quality
assurance program in conformity with Section 31.208.
Revocation of certification under this section shall not
take effect until the manufacturer (builder) concerned has been
given written notice by DOE setting forth the basis for the
proposed determination and an opportunity to request a hearing.
Section 31.208--Quality control.
Once within 30 days of each annual anniversary after the
initial approval/certification, a DOE approved and U.S. EPA
accredited laboratory shall inspect the most recently produced
fireplace of an approved model line or design at its
manufacturing location (site, if site-built) to document
adherence to the approved/certified fireplace design
specifications. If no fireplaces of an approved model line or
design were produced (built) during the previous 12 months, no
inspection is required.
An inspection report for each approved fireplace model line
or design must be submitted to DOE within 30 days after the
inspection date. The inspection report shall include, as a
minimum, the model identification and serial number of the
fireplace inspected, the location where the model was inspected,
the names of the manufacturer's and/or builder's representatives
present, the date of inspection, and a description of any changes
made to the approved fireplace model line or design since the
last inspection. The U.S. EPA accredited laboratory which
conducts the annual quality control inspection is responsible for
auditing the content and format of all labels to be applied to
approved fireplaces as stipulated in Section 31.209.
A fireplace model line or design shall be re-tested in
accordance with Section 31.202 if it is determined during
inspection that design changes have been incorporated into the
approved/certified fireplace design which adversely affect the
fireplace particulate emissions factor. Design elements which
can affect fireplace particulate emissions include:
1. Grate placement and height;
2. Air supply minimum and maximum controls;
3. Usable hearth area; and
4. Firebox height, width, and length dimensions.
Section 31.209--Permanent label, temporary label and owner's
manual.
31.209.1 Labels and the Owner's Manual. Labels and owner's
manual shall be prepared and installed in all certified "For
Sale" fireplaces as specified in U.S. EPA 40 CFR Part 60, Section
60.536. Information that shall be presented on all labels
includes:
1. Manufacturer's or builder's name, address, and phone
number;
2. Model number and/or name;
3. Month and year of manufacture;
4. Starting and ending dates for the 5-year approval period;
5. If a fireplace was tested and approved with an emissions
control device which is not an integral part of the fireplace
structure, the label shall state that "The fireplace can not be
sold or installed without the specified emissions control device
in place and operational.";
6. On certified fireplaces the statement: "This appliance
has been tested and has demonstrated compliance with Washington
State amendment to the UBC Standard, Chapter 31-2 requirements."
Section 31.210--List of approved fireplaces.
DOE shall maintain a list of approved fireplace model lines
and designs, and that list shall be available to the public.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 19.27.031 and 19.27.074. 98-02-054, § 51-40-31200, filed 1/6/98, effective 7/1/98.]
Reviser's note: The brackets and enclosed material in the text of the above section occurred in the copy filed by the agency and appear in the Register pursuant to the requirements of RCW 34.08.040.