PERMANENT RULES
LABOR AND INDUSTRIES
Date of Adoption: March 23, 1999.
Purpose: Chapter 296-62 WAC, General occupational health standards, Part P, Hazardous waste operations, treatment storage and disposal facilities and Part R, Emergency response to hazardous substance release. The current standard contains requirements for both hazardous waste operations and emergency response to hazardous substance release. This causes confusion for employers when trying to determine which requirements apply to their specific industry or operation. This adoption will separate this single standard into two distinct sets of requirements related to hazardous waste operations and emergency response to hazardous substance release, in order to eliminate the confusion. There are no new requirements being adopted.
Citation of Existing Rules Affected by this Order: Amended sections chapter 296-62 WAC, Part P, Hazardous waste operations, treatment, storage and disposal facilities:
| Existing Part P sections and subsections | Proposed section # for revised Part P | New headings--Part P |
| 296-62-300 | Hazardous waste operations and treatment, storage and disposal facilities. | |
| 300(1) and (2) | 296-62-30001 | Scope and application. |
| 300(3) | 296-62-30003 | Definitions. |
| 3010(1)(a) | 296-62-3010 | Overview of a written safety and health program. |
| 3010(1)(b) | 296-62-30105 | Elements of a safety and health program. |
| 3010(1)(c) | 296-62-30110 | Safety considerations during the initial site excavation. |
| 3010(1)(d) | 296-62-30115 | Notifying contractors and subcontractors of procedures and hazards. |
| 3010(1)(e) | 296-62-30120 | Availability of the safety and health program. |
| 3010(2)(a) and (b) | 296-62-30125 | Organizational structure of the site safety and health program. |
| 3010(3) | 296-62-30130 | Comprehensive workplan of the site program. |
| 3010(4)(a) and (b) | 296-62-30135 | Overview of a site-specific safety and health plan. |
| 3010(4)(c) | 296-62-30140 | Preentry briefing of the site-specific safety and health plan. |
| 3010(4)(d) | 296-62-30145 | Effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. |
| 3020(1) | 296-62-3020 | Site characterization and analysis. |
| 3020(2) | 296-62-30205 | Preliminary evaluation. |
| 3020(3) | 296-62-30210 | Hazard identification. |
| 3020(4) | 296-62-30215 | Required information. |
| 3020(5) | 296-62-30220 | Personal protective equipment. |
| 3020(6) | 296-62-30225 | Monitoring. |
| 3020(7) | 296-62-30230 | Risk identification. |
| 3020(8) | 296-62-30235 | Employee notification. |
| 3030(1) | 296-62-3030 | Site control. |
| 3030(2) | 296-62-30305 | Site control program. |
| 3030(3) | 296-62-30310 | Elements of the site control program. |
| 3030(4) | 296-62-30315 | Site work zones. |
| 3040(1) | 296-62-3040 | General training requirements and the employees covered. |
| 3040(2) | 296-62-30405 | Elements covered in training. |
| 3040(3) | 296-62-30410 | Initial training. |
| 3040(4) | 296-62-30415 | Management and supervisor training. |
| 3040(5) | 296-62-30420 | Law enforcement at illicit drug labs. |
| 3040(6)(a) | 296-62-30425 | Training content for 40 and 80 hour hazardous waste cleanup courses. |
| 3040(6)(b) | 296-62-30430 | Training content for 24-hour hazardous waste cleanup course. |
| 3040(6)(c) | 296-62-30435 | Training content for 16-hour supplemental training for hazardous waste sites. |
| 3040(6)(d) | 296-62-30440 | Additional 8 hours of training for supervisors and managers. |
| 3040(7) | 296-62-30445 | Qualifications for trainers. |
| 3040(8) | 296-62-30450 | Training certification. |
| 3040(9) | 296-62-30455 | Training requirements for emergency response. |
| 3040(10) | 296-62-30460 | Refresher training. |
| 3040(11) | 296-62-30465 | Equivalent training. |
| 3050(1) | 296-62-3050 | Medical surveillance program. |
| 3050(2) | 296-62-30505 | Employees covered. |
| 3050(3) | 296-62-30510 | Frequency of medical exams and consultations. |
| 3050(4) | 296-62-30515 | Content of medical exams and consultations. |
| 3050(5) | 296-62-30520 | Examination by a physician and costs. |
| 3050(6) | 296-62-30525 | Information provided to the physician. |
| 3050(7) | 296-62-30530 | Physician's written opinion. |
| 3050(8) | 296-62-30535 | Recordkeeping of medical surveillance activities. |
| 3060(1) and (2) | 296-62-3060 | Engineering controls, work practices, and personal protective equipment for employee protection. |
| 3060(3) | 296-62-30605 | Personal protective equipment selection. |
| 3060(4) | 296-62-30610 | Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits. |
| 3060(5) | 296-62-30615 | Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. |
| 3070(1) | 296-62-3070 | Monitoring concentrations of hazardous substances. |
| 3070(2) | 296-62-30705 | Monitoring during initial entry. |
| 3070(3) | 296-62-30710 | Periodic monitoring. |
| 3070(4) | 296-62-30715 | Monitoring of high-risk employees. |
| 3080 | 296-62-3080 | Informational programs. |
| 3090(1) | 296-62-3090 | General requirements for handling drums and containers. |
| 3090(2) | 296-62-30905 | Opening drums and containers. |
| 3090(3) | 296-62-30910 | Material handling equipment. |
| 3090(4) | 296-62-30915 | Radioactive wastes. |
| 3090(5) | 296-62-30920 | Shock-sensitive wastes. |
| 3090(6) | 296-62-30925 | Laboratory waste packs. |
| 3090(7) | 296-62-30930 | Sampling of drum and container contents. |
| 3090(8) | 296-62-30935 | Shipping and transport of drums. |
| 3090(9) | 296-62-30940 | Tank and vault procedures. |
| 3100(1) and (2) | 296-62-3100 | Decontamination procedures. |
| 3100(3) | 296-62-31005 | Location of decontamination areas. |
| 3100(4) | 296-62-31010 | Decontamination of equipment and solvents. |
| 3100(5)(a)-(b), (6) and (7) | 296-62-31015 | Decontamination of personal protective clothing and equipment. |
| 3100(8) | 296-62-31020 | Showers and change rooms used for decontamination. |
| 3110(1) | 296-62-3110 | Emergency response plan for employees at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| 3110(2) | 296-62-31105 | Elements of an emergency response plan at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| 3110(3) | 296-62-31110 | Procedures for handling emergency incidents at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| 3120 | 296-62-3120 | Illumination. |
| 3130 title | 296-62-3130 | Sanitation at temporary workplaces. |
| 3130(1) | 296-62-31305 | Potable water. |
| 3130(2) | 296-62-31310 | Nonpotable water. |
| 3130(3) | 296-62-31315 | Toilet facilities. |
| 3130(4) | 296-62-31320 | Food handling. |
| 3130(5) | 296-62-31325 | Temporary sleeping quarters. |
| 3130(6) | 296-62-31330 | Washing facilities. |
| 3130(7) | 296-62-31335 | Showers and change rooms. |
| 3138 | 296-62-3138 | New technology programs. |
| 3140 | 296-62-3140 | Certain operations conducted under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). |
| 3140(1) | 296-62-31405 | Safety and health program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(2) | 296-62-31410 | Hazard communication program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(3) | 296-62-31415 | Medical surveillance program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(4) | 296-62-31420 | Decontamination program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(5) | 296-62-31425 | New technology programs requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(6) | 296-62-31430 | Materials handling program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(7)(a) | 296-62-31435 | Training program for new employees under RCRA. |
| 3140(7)(b) | 296-62-31440 | Training program for current employees under RCRA. |
| 3140(7)(c) | 296-62-31445 | RCRA requirements for trainers. |
| 3140(8) | 296-62-31450 | Emergency response program requirements under RCRA. |
| 3140(8)(a) | 296-62-31455 | Emergency response plan under RCRA. |
| 3140(8)(b) | 296-62-31460 | Elements of an emergency response plan under RCRA. |
| 3140(8)(c) | 296-62-31465 | Training requirements for emergency response under RCRA. |
| 3140(8)(d) | 296-62-31470 | Procedures for handling emergency incidents under RCRA. |
| 3152 | 296-62-3152 | Appendices to Part P--Hazardous waste operations and TSD facilities. |
| 3160 | 296-62-3160 | Appendix A--Personal protective equipment test methods. |
| 3170 | 296-62-3170 | Appendix B--General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear. |
| 3180 | 296-62-3180 | Appendix C--Compliance guidelines. |
| 3190 | 296-62-3190 | Appendix D--References. |
| 3195 | 296-62-3195 | Appendix E--Training curriculum guidelines. |
| 3112 | repealed section | repealed section (content became part of Part R) |
| Existing Part P sections and subsections | New Part R section # | New Part R headings--Listed in order of revision |
| 296-62-410 | Emergency response to hazardous substance release. | |
| 300(1) and (2) | 296-62-41001 | Scope and application. |
| 300(3) | 296-62-41003 | Definitions. |
| 3112 | 296-62-41010 | Emergency response. |
| 3112(1) | 296-62-41011 | Emergency response plan. |
| 3112(2) | 296-62-41013 | Elements of an emergency response plan. |
| 3112(3) | 296-62-41015 | Procedures for handling emergency response. |
| 3112(4) | 296-62-41017 | Skilled support personnel. |
| 3112(5) | 296-62-41019 | Specialist employees. |
| 3112(6) | 296-62-4102 | Training. |
| 3112(6) | 296-62-41021 | Training before participation. |
| 3112(7) | 296-62-41023 | Trainers. |
| 3112(8) | 296-62-41025 | Refresher training. |
| 3060(1) and (2) | 296-62-4103 | Employee personal protective equipment. |
| 3060(3) | 296-62-41031 | Personal protective equipment selection. |
| 3060(4) | 296-62-41033 | Totally-encapsulating chemical protective suits. |
| 3060(5) | 296-62-41035 | Personal protective equipment (PPE) program. |
| 296-62-4104 | Medical surveillance and consultation for emergency response. | |
| 3050(2) | 296-62-41041 | Employees covered. |
| 3050(3) | 296-62-41042 | Frequency of medical exams and consultations. |
| 3050(4) | 296-62-41043 | Content of medical exams and consultations. |
| 3050(5) | 296-62-41044 | Exams by a physician and costs. |
| 3050(6) | 296-62-41045 | Information provided to the physician. |
| 3050(7) | 296-62-41046 | Physicians written opinion. |
| 3050(8) | 296-62-41047 | Recordkeeping. |
| 3112(11) | 296-62-4106 | Post emergency response operations. |
| 296-62-41061 | Removal of hazardous substances. | |
| 296-62-41063 | Employees training and protective equipment. | |
| 3152 | 296-62-4108 | Appendices to Part R--Emergency response. |
| 3160 | 296-62-41081 | Appendix A--Personal protective equipment test methods. |
| 3170 | 296-62-41082 | Appendix B--General description and discussion of the levels of protection and protective gear. |
| 3180 | 296-62-41084 | Appendix C--Compliance guidelines. |
| 3190 | 296-62-41085 | Appendix D--References. |
| 3195 | 296-62-41086 | Appendix E--Training curriculum guidelines. |
Statutory Authority for Adoption: RCW 49.17.040.
Adopted under notice filed as WSR 99-01-149 on December 22, 1998.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Comply with Federal Statute: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Federal Rules or Standards: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Recently Enacted State Statutes: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted at Request of a Nongovernmental Entity: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0.
Number of Sections Adopted on the Agency's Own Initiative: New 34, Amended 104, Repealed 1.
Number of Sections Adopted in Order to Clarify, Streamline, or Reform Agency Procedures: New 34, Amended 104, Repealed 1.
Number of Sections Adopted Using Negotiated Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; Pilot Rule Making: New 0, Amended 0, Repealed 0; or Other Alternative Rule Making: New 34, Amended 104, Repealed 1. Effective Date of Rule: June 23, 1999.
March 15, 1999
Gary Moore
Director
OTS-2650.3
PART P--HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATIONS AND ((EMERGENCY RESPONSE))
TREATMENT, STORAGE, AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES
AMENDATORY SECTION(Amending Order 94-07, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94)
WAC 296-62-300
((Scope, application, and definitions.)) Hazardous waste
operations and treatment, storage, and disposal facilities.
(((1) Scope. This section covers
employers who have employees who work in the following operations:
(a) Clean-up operations required by a governmental body, whether federal, state, local, or other involving hazardous substances that are conducted at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (including, but not limited to, the EPA's National Priority Site List (NPL), state priority site lists, sites recommended for the EPA NPL, and initial investigations of government identified sites which are conducted before the presence or absence of hazardous substances has been ascertained);
(b) Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.);
(c) Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized by federal, state, local, or other governmental bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;
(d) Operations involving hazardous wastes that are conducted at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities regulated by 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 pursuant to RCRA; or by agencies under agreement with U.S.E.P.A. to implement RCRA regulations; and
(e) Emergency response operations for releases of, or substantial threats of releases of, hazardous substances without regard to the location of the hazard.
(2) Application.
(a) All requirements of this chapter and chapters 296-24 and 296-155 WAC apply pursuant to their terms to hazardous waste and emergency response operations whether covered by this part or not. If there is a conflict or overlap, the provision more protective of employee safety and health shall apply.
(b) Hazardous substance clean-up operations within the scope of subsection (1)(a), (b), and (c) of this section must comply with all sections of this part except WAC 296-62-3112 and 296-62-3140.
(c) Operations within the scope of subsection (1)(d) of this section must comply only with the requirements of WAC 296-62-3140.
| Notes and Exceptions: | (i) All provisions of WAC 296-62-3140 cover any treatment, storage, or disposal (TSD) operation regulated by 40 CFR parts 264 and 265 or by state law authorized under RCRA, and required to have a permit or interim status from EPA pursuant to 40 CFR 270.1 or from a state agency pursuant to RCRA. | ||
| (ii) Employers who are not required to have a permit or interim status because they are conditionally exempt small quantity generators under 40 CFR 261.5 or are generators who qualify under 40 CFR 262.34 for exemptions from regulation under 40 CFR parts 264, 265, and 270 ("excepted employers") are not covered by WAC 296-62-3140 (1) through (7). Excepted employers who are required by the EPA or state agency to have their employees engage in emergency response or who direct their employees to engage in emergency response are covered by WAC 296-62-3140(8), and cannot be exempted by WAC 296-62-3140 (8)(a). Excepted employers who are not required to have employees engage in emergency response, who direct their employees to evacuate in the case of such emergencies and who meet the requirements of WAC 296-62-3140 (8)(a) are exempt from the balance of WAC 296-62-3140(8). | |||
| (iii) If an area is used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations in that area shall comply with WAC 296-62-3140(8). In other areas not used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations shall comply with WAC 296-62-3112. Compliance with the requirements of WAC 296-62-3112 shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 296-62-3140(8). | |||
(3) Definitions.
(a) "Buddy system" means a system of organizing employees into work groups in such a manner that each employee of the work group is designated to be observed by at least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to provide rapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.
(b) "Clean-up operation" means an operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.
(c) "Contamination reduction zone" means the buffer between the exclusion zone and the outermost clean zone.
(d) "Decontamination" means the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable adverse health effects.
(e) "Emergency response" or "responding to emergencies" means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to release of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.
(f) "Exclusion zone" means the innermost zone at a site where contamination does occur.
(g) "Facility" means (i) any building structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly-owned treatment works), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft, or (ii) any site or area where a hazardous substance has been deposited, stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any consumer product in consumer use or any water-borne vessel.
(h) "Hazardous materials response (HAZMAT) team" means an organized group of employees, designated by the employer, who are expected to perform work, to handle and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous substances requiring possible close approach to the substance. The team members perform responses to releases or potential releases of hazardous substances for the purpose of control or stabilization of the incident. A HAZMAT team is not a fire brigade nor is a typical fire brigade a HAZMAT team. A HAZMAT team, however, may be a separate component of a fire brigade or fire department.
(i) "Hazardous substance" means any substance designated or listed under (i)(i) through (iv) of this subsection, exposure to which results or may result in adverse effects on the health or safety of employees:
(i) Any substance defined under section 101(14) of CERCLA;
(ii) Any biological agent and other disease-causing agent which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring;
(iii) Any substance listed by the United States Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under WAC 480-12-195; and
(iv) Hazardous waste as herein defined.
(j) "Hazardous waste" means:
A waste or combination of wastes as defined in (m) of this subsection.
(k) "Hazardous waste operation" means any operation conducted within the scope of this standard.
(l) "Hazardous waste site" or "site" means any facility or location within the scope of this standard at which hazardous waste operations take place.
(m) "Health hazard" means a chemical, mixture of chemicals, or a pathogen for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. Further definition of the terms used above can be found in Appendix A to chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C.
(n) "IDLH" or "immediately dangerous to life or health" means any atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
(o) "Oxygen deficiency" means that concentration of oxygen by volume below which atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided. It exists in atmospheres where the percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.
(p) "Permissible exposure limit" means the exposure, inhalation, or dermal permissible limit specified in WAC 296-62-075 through 296-62-07515.
(q) "Published exposure level" means the exposure limits published in "NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards" dated 1986 incorporated by reference, or if none is specified, the exposure limits published in the standards specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in their publication "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1988-89" dated 1988 incorporated by reference.
(r) "Post emergency response" means that portion of an emergency response performed after the immediate threat of a release has been stabilized or eliminated and clean-up of the site has begun. If post emergency response is performed by an employer's own employees who were part of the initial emergency response, it is considered to be part of the initial response and not post emergency response. However, if a group of an employer's own employees, separate from the group providing initial response, performs the clean-up operation, then the separate group of employees would be considered to be performing post-emergency response and subject to WAC 296-62-3112(11).
(s) "Qualified person" means a person with specific training, knowledge, and experience in the area for which the person has responsibility and the authority to control.
(t) "Site safety and health supervisor (or official)" means the individual located on a hazardous waste site who is responsible to the employer and has the authority and knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.
(u) "Site work zones" means an exclusion zone, contamination reduction zone, and a clean zone established at a hazardous waste site before clean-up work begins to prevent or reduce the movement of contaminants from the site to uncontaminated areas and to control public, employee, and equipment exposure to hazardous substances.
(i) The exclusion zone is the innermost of the zones and is where contamination does occur. The contamination reduction zone is the zone between the exclusion zone and the clean zone and serves as a transition and buffer between the contaminated and clean zone to further reduce the physical transfer of contaminating substances to the public, employees, and equipment. The clean zone is the outermost of the zones and is a noncontaminated or clean area. The level of contamination in these zones is not defined and some designated exclusion zones can have very little contamination directly affecting employees.
(ii) The contaminated reduction corridors are the designated areas within the contaminated reduction zone for the decontamination of personnel and equipment.
(v) "Small quantity generator" means a generator of hazardous wastes who in any calendar month generates no more than 1000 kilograms (2205 pounds) of hazardous waste in that month.
(w) "Uncontrolled hazardous waste site" means an area identified as an uncontrolled hazardous waste site by a governmental body, whether federal, state, local, or other where an accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to the health and safety of individuals or the environment or both. Some sites are found on public lands, such as those created by former municipal, county, or state landfills where illegal or poorly managed waste disposal has taken place. Other sites are found on private property, often belonging to generators or former generators of hazardous substance waste. Examples of such sites include, but are not limited to, surface impoundments, landfills, dumps, and tank or drum farms. Normal operations at TSD sites are not covered by this definition.))
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-15-096 (Order 94-07), § 296-62-300, filed 7/20/94, effective 9/20/94; 91-24-017 (Order 91-07), § 296-62-300, filed 11/22/91, effective 12/24/91; 90-20-091 (Order 90-14), § 296-62-300, filed 10/1/90, effective 11/15/90; 89-21-018 (Order 89-10), § 296-62-300, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/24/89; 88-21-002 (Order 88-23), § 296-62-300, filed 10/6/88, effective 11/7/88.]
(1) Scope. This section covers employers who have employees who work in the following operations:
(a) Clean-up operations required by a governmental body, whether federal, state, local, or other involving hazardous substances that are conducted at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites (including, but not limited to, the EPA's National Priority Site List (NPL), state priority site lists, sites recommended for the EPA NPL, and initial investigations of government identified sites which are conducted before the presence or absence of hazardous substances has been ascertained);
(b) Corrective actions involving clean-up operations at sites covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) as amended (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.);
(c) Voluntary clean-up operations at sites recognized by federal, state, local, or other governmental bodies as uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;
(d) Operations involving hazardous wastes that are conducted at treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facilities regulated by 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 under RCRA; or by agencies under agreement with U.S.E.P.A. to implement RCRA regulations.
(2) Application.
(a) All requirements of this chapter and chapters 296-24 and 296-155 WAC apply to hazardous waste operations whether covered by this part or not. If there is a conflict or overlap, the provision more protective of employee safety and health must apply.
(b) Hazardous substance clean-up operations within the scope of subsection (1)(a), (b), and (c) of this section must comply with all sections of WAC 296-62-410, Part R, Emergency response to hazardous substance release.
(c) Operations within the scope of subsection (1)(d) of this section must comply only with the requirements of WAC 296-62-3140 through 296-62-31430.
Notes and Exceptions:
(i) All provisions of WAC 296-62-3140 through 296-62-31430 cover any treatment,
storage, or disposal (TSD) operation regulated by 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265 or by state law
authorized under RCRA, and required to have a permit or interim status from EPA under 40
CFR 270.1 or from a state agency under RCRA.
(ii) Employers who are not required to have a permit or interim status because they are conditionally exempt small quantity generators under 40 CFR 261.5 or are generators who qualify under 40 CFR 262.34 for exemptions from regulation under 40 CFR Parts 264, 265, and 270 ("excepted employers") are not covered by WAC 296-62-31405 through 296-62-31445. Excepted employers who are required by the EPA or state agency to have their employees engage in emergency response or who direct their employees to engage in emergency response are covered by WAC 296-62-31450 through 296-62-31470 and cannot be exempted by WAC 296-62-31455. Excepted employers who are not required to have employees engage in emergency response, who direct their employees to evacuate in the case of such emergencies and who meet the requirements of WAC 296-62-31455 are exempt from the balance of WAC 296-62-31450 through 296-62-31470.
(iii) If an area is used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations in that area must comply with WAC 296-62-31410 through 296-62-31470. In other areas not used primarily for treatment, storage or disposal, any emergency response operations must comply with WAC 296-62-410, Part R, Emergency response to hazardous substance release. Compliance with the requirements of WAC 296-62-410, Part R, Emergency response to hazardous substance release must be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of WAC 296-62-31450 through 296-62-31470.
[]
"Buddy system" means a system of organizing employees into work groups in such a manner that each employee of the work group is designated to be observed by at least one other employee in the work group. The purpose of the buddy system is to provide rapid assistance to employees in the event of an emergency.
"Clean-up operation" means an operation where hazardous substances are removed, contained, incinerated, neutralized, stabilized, cleared-up, or in any other manner processed or handled with the ultimate goal of making the site safer for people or the environment.
"Contamination reduction zone" means the buffer between the exclusion zone and the outermost clean zone.
"Decontamination" means the removal of hazardous substances from employees and their equipment to the extent necessary to preclude the occurrence of foreseeable adverse health effects.
"Emergency response" or "responding to emergencies" means a response effort by employees from outside the immediate release area or by other designated responders (i.e., mutual aid groups, local fire departments, etc.) to an occurrence which results, or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance. Responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area or by maintenance personnel are not considered to be emergency responses within the scope of this standard. Responses to release of hazardous substances where there is no potential safety or health hazard (i.e., fire, explosion, or chemical exposure) are not considered to be emergency responses.
"Exclusion zone" means the innermost zone at a site where contamination does occur.
"Facility" means:
Any building structure, installation, equipment, pipe or pipeline (including any pipe into a sewer or publicly-owned treatment works), well, pit, pond, lagoon, impoundment, ditch, storage container, motor vehicle, rolling stock, or aircraft; or
Any site or area where a hazardous substance has been deposited, stored, disposed of, or placed, or otherwise come to be located; but does not include any consumer product in consumer use or any water-borne vessel.
"Hazardous substance" means any substance designated or listed under this definition, exposure to which results or may result in adverse effects on the health or safety of employees:
Any substance defined under section 101(14) of CERCLA;
Any biological agent and other disease-causing agent which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any person, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations in such persons or their offspring;
Any substance listed by the United States Department of Transportation as hazardous materials under WAC 480-12-195; and
Hazardous waste as herein defined.
"Hazardous waste" means:
A waste or combination of wastes as defined as a "health hazard."
"Hazardous waste operation" means any operation conducted within the scope of this standard.
"Hazardous waste site" or "site" means any facility or location within the scope of this standard at which hazardous waste operations take place.
"Health hazard" means a chemical, mixture of chemicals, or a pathogen for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. It also includes stress due to temperature extremes. Further definition of the terms used above can be found in Appendix A to chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C.
"IDLH" or "immediately dangerous to life or health" means any atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiant substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual's ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.
"Oxygen deficiency" means that concentration of oxygen by volume below which atmosphere supplying respiratory protection must be provided. It exists in atmospheres where the percentage of oxygen by volume is less than 19.5 percent oxygen.
"Permissible exposure limit" means the exposure, inhalation, or dermal permissible limit specified in WAC 296-62-075 through 296-62-07515.
"Published exposure level" means the exposure limits published in "NIOSH Recommendations for Occupational Health Standards" dated 1986 incorporated by reference, or if none is specified, the exposure limits published in the standards specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in their publication "Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1988-89" dated 1988 incorporated by reference.
"Postemergency response" means that portion of an emergency response performed after the immediate threat of a release has been stabilized or eliminated and clean-up of the site has begun. If postemergency response is performed by an employer's own employees who were part of the initial emergency response, it is considered to be part of the initial response and not postemergency response. However, if a group of an employer's own employees, separate from the group providing initial response, performs the clean-up operation, then the separate group of employees would be considered to be performing postemergency response and subject to chapter 296-62 WAC, Part R.
"Qualified person" means a person with specific training, knowledge, and experience in the area for which the person has responsibility and the authority to control.
"Site safety and health supervisor (or official)" means the individual located on a hazardous waste site who is responsible to the employer and has the authority and knowledge necessary to implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance with applicable safety and health requirements.
"Site work zones" means an exclusion zone, contamination reduction zone, and a clean zone established at a hazardous waste site before clean-up work begins to prevent or reduce the movement of contaminants from the site to uncontaminated areas and to control public, employee, and equipment exposure to hazardous substances.
The exclusion zone is the innermost of the zones and is where contamination does occur. The contamination reduction zone is the zone between the exclusion zone and the clean zone and serves as a transition and buffer between the contaminated and clean zone to further reduce the physical transfer of contaminating substances to the public, employees, and equipment. The clean zone is the outermost of the zones and is a noncontaminated or clean area. The level of contamination in these zones is not defined and some designated exclusion zones can have very little contamination directly affecting employees.
The contaminated reduction corridors are the designated areas within the contaminated reduction zone for the decontamination of personnel and equipment.
"Small quantity generator" means a generator of hazardous wastes who in any calendar month generates no more than 1000 kilograms (2205 pounds) of hazardous waste in that month.
"Uncontrolled hazardous waste site" means an area identified as an uncontrolled hazardous waste site by a governmental body, whether federal, state, local, or other where an accumulation of hazardous substances creates a threat to the health and safety of individuals or the environment or both. Some sites are found on public lands, such as those created by former municipal, county, or state landfills where illegal or poorly managed waste disposal has taken place. Other sites are found on private property, often belonging to generators or former generators of hazardous substance waste. Examples of such sites include, but are not limited to, surface impoundments, landfills, dumps, and tank or drum farms. Normal operations at TSD sites are not covered by this definition.
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| Note: | Safety and health programs developed and implemented to meet other federal, state, or local regulations are considered acceptable in meeting this requirement if they cover or are modified to cover the topics required in this section. An additional or separate safety and health program is not required by this section. |
(a))) Employers ((shall)) must develop and implement a written safety and health
program for their employees involved in hazardous waste operations. The program ((shall))
must be designed to identify, evaluate, and control safety and health hazards and provide for
emergency response for hazardous waste operations.
(((b) The written safety and health program shall incorporate the following:
(i) An organizational structure;
(ii) A comprehensive workplan;
(iii) A site-specific safety and health plan which need not repeat the employer's standard operating procedures required in (b)(vi) of this subsection;
(iv) The safety and health training program;
(v) The medical surveillance program;
(vi) The employer's standard operating procedures for safety and health; and
(vii) Any necessary interface between general program and site specific activities.
(c) Site excavation. Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous waste operations shall be shored or sloped as appropriate to prevent accidental collapse in accordance with subpart N of chapter 296-155 WAC.
(d) Contractors and subcontractors. An employer who retains contractor or subcontractor services for work in hazardous waste operations shall inform those contractors, subcontractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety, or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that have been identified by the employer, including those identified in the employer's information program.
(e) Program availability. The written safety and health program shall be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees; to employee designated representatives; to WISHA personnel, and to personnel of other federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over the site.
(2) Organizational structure part of the site program.
(a) The organizational structure part of the program shall establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It shall include at a minimum, the following elements:
(i) A general supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to direct all hazardous waste operations.
(ii) A site safety and health supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to develop and implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance.
(iii) All other personnel needed for hazardous waste site operations and emergency response and their general functions and responsibilities.
(iv) The lines of authority, responsibility, and communication.
(b) The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.
(3) Comprehensive workplan part of the site program. The comprehensive workplan shall address the tasks and objectives of site operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives.
(a) The comprehensive workplan shall address anticipated clean-up activities as well as normal operating procedures which need not repeat the employers procedures available elsewhere.
(b) The comprehensive workplan shall define work tasks and objectives and identify the methods for accomplishing those tasks and objectives.
(c) The comprehensive workplan shall establish personnel requirements for implementing the plan.
(d) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the training required in WAC 296-62-3040.
(e) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the required informational programs required in WAC 296-62-3080.
(f) The comprehensive workplan shall provide for the implementation of the medical surveillance program described in WAC 296-62-3050.
(4) Site-specific safety and health plan part of the program.
(a) General. The site safety and health plan, which must be kept on site, shall address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation; and include the requirements and procedures for employee protection.
(b) Elements. The site safety and health plan, as a minimum, shall address the following:
(i) Names of key personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health, including a site safety and health supervisor.
(ii) A safety and health risk or hazard analysis for each site task and operation found in the workplan.
(iii) Employee training assignments to assure compliance with WAC 296-62-3040.
(iv) Personal protective equipment to be used by employees for each of the site tasks and operations being conducted as required by the personal protective equipment program in WAC 296-62-3060(5).
(v) Medical surveillance requirements in accordance with the program in WAC 296-62-3050.
(vi) Frequency and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, and environmental sampling techniques and instrumentation to be used, including methods of maintenance and calibration of monitoring and sampling equipment to be used.
(vii) Site control measures in accordance with the site control program required in WAC 296-62-3030.
(viii) Decontamination procedures in accordance with WAC 296-62-3100.
(ix) An emergency response plan meeting the requirements of WAC 296-62-3110 for safe and effective responses to emergencies, including the necessary PPE and other equipment.
(x) Confined space and permit-required confined space entry procedures as addressed in chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M.
(xi) A spill containment program meeting the requirements of WAC 296-62-3090.
(c) Preentry briefing. The site specific safety and health plan shall provide for preentry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis work required in WAC 296-62-3020 shall be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
(d) Effectiveness of site safety and health plan. Inspections shall be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safety and health acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan shall be corrected by the employer.))
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 95-04-007, § 296-62-3010, filed 1/18/95, effective 3/1/95; 89-21-018 (Order 89-10), § 296-62-3010, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/24/89; 88-21-002 (Order 88-23), § 296-62-3010, filed 10/6/88, effective 11/7/88.]
The written safety and health program must include the following elements:
(1) An organizational structure;
(2) A comprehensive workplan;
(3) A site-specific safety and health plan which need not repeat the employer's standard operating procedures required in subsection (7) of this section;
(4) The safety and health training program;
(5) The medical surveillance program;
(6) The employer's standard operating procedures for safety and health; and
(7) Any necessary interface between general program and site specific activities.
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Site excavations created during initial site preparation or during hazardous waste operations must be shored or sloped as appropriate to prevent accidental collapse in accordance with subpart N of chapter 296-155 WAC.
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An employer who retains contractor or subcontractor services for work in hazardous waste operations must inform those contractors, subcontractors, or their representatives of the site emergency response procedures and any potential fire, explosion, health, safety, or other hazards of the hazardous waste operation that have been identified by the employer, including those identified in the employer's information program.
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The written safety and health program must be made available to any contractor or subcontractor or their representative who will be involved with the hazardous waste operation; to employees; to employee designated representatives; to WISHA personnel, and to personnel of other federal, state, or local agencies with regulatory authority over the site.
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(1) The organizational structure of the site safety and health program must establish the specific chain of command and specify the overall responsibilities of supervisors and employees. It must include at a minimum, the following elements:
(a) A general supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to direct all hazardous waste operations.
(b) A site safety and health supervisor who has the responsibility and authority to develop and implement the site safety and health plan and verify compliance.
(c) All other personnel needed for hazardous waste site operations and emergency response and their general functions and responsibilities.
(d) The lines of authority, responsibility, and communication.
(2) The organizational structure shall be reviewed and updated as necessary to reflect the current status of waste site operations.
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The comprehensive workplan must address the tasks and objectives of site operations and the logistics and resources required to reach those tasks and objectives. The comprehensive workplan must:
(1) Address anticipated clean-up activities as well as normal operating procedures which need not repeat the employers procedures available elsewhere.
(2) Define work tasks and objectives and identify the methods for accomplishing those tasks and objectives.
(3) Establish personnel requirements for implementing the plan.
(4) Provide for the implementation of the training required in WAC 296-62-3040.
(5) Provide for the implementation of the required informational programs required in WAC 296-62-3080.
(6) Provide for the implementation of the medical surveillance program described in WAC 296-62-3050 through 296-62-30535.
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(1) A written site-specific safety and health plan, must be kept on site. It must address the safety and health hazards of each phase of site operation and include the requirements and procedures for employee protection.
(2) Elements of a site-specific safety and health plan. The site-specific safety and health plan must include the following elements:
(a) The names of key personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health, including a site safety and health supervisor.
(b) A safety and health risk or hazard analysis for each site task and operation found in the workplan.
(c) Employee training assignments to assure compliance with WAC 296-62-3040 through 296-62-30465.
(d) Personal protective equipment to be used by employees for each of the site tasks and operations being conducted as required by the personal protective equipment program in WAC 296-62-30615.
(e) A medical surveillance program meeting the requirements in WAC 296-62-3050 through 296-62-30535.
(f) Frequency and types of air monitoring, personnel monitoring, and environmental sampling techniques and instrumentation to be used, including methods of maintenance and calibration of monitoring and sampling equipment to be used.
(g) Site control measures in WAC 296-62-3030 through 296-62-30315.
(h) Decontamination procedures in WAC 296-62-3100 through 296-62-31015.
(i) An emergency response plan meeting the requirements of chapter 296-62 WAC, Part R for safe and effective responses to emergencies, including the necessary PPE and other equipment.
(j) Confined space and permit-required confined space entry procedures as addressed in chapter 296-62 WAC, Part M.
(k) A spill containment program meeting the requirements of WAC 296-62-3090 through 296-62-30940.
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The site-specific safety and health plan must provide for preentry briefings to be held prior to initiating any site activity, and at such other times as necessary to ensure that employees are apprised of the site safety and health plan and that this plan is being followed. The information and data obtained from site characterization and analysis work required in WAC 296-62-3020 through 296-62-30235 must be used to prepare and update the site safety and health plan.
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Inspections must be conducted by the site safety and health supervisor or, in the absence of that individual, another individual who is knowledgeable in occupational safety and health acting on behalf of the employer as necessary to determine the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan. Any deficiencies in the effectiveness of the site safety and health plan must be corrected by the employer.
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(((1) General.)) Hazardous
waste sites ((shall)) must be evaluated in accordance with this section to identify specific site
hazards and to determine the appropriate safety and health control procedures needed to protect
employees from the identified hazards.
(((2) Preliminary evaluation. A preliminary evaluation of a site's characteristics shall be
performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order to aid in the selection of appropriate
employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more
detailed evaluation of the site's specific characteristics shall be performed by a qualified person
in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in the selection of the
appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be
performed.
(3) Hazard identification. All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, shall be identified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.
(4) Required information. The following information to the extent available shall be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site:
(a) Location and approximate size of the site.
(b) Description of the response activity and/or the job task to be performed.
(c) Duration of the planned employee activity.
(d) Site topography and accessibility by air and roads.
(e) Safety and health hazards expected at the site.
(f) Pathways for hazardous substance dispersion.
(g) Present status and capabilities of emergency response teams that would provide assistance to hazardous waste clean-up site employees at the time of an emergency.
(h) Hazardous substances and health hazards involved or expected at the site and their chemical and physical properties.
(5) Personal protective equipment. Personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:
(a) Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble of PPE shall be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection to a level of exposure below established permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards, and which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure level, the employer may use other published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective equipment. Level A and Level B personal protective equipment is required for the most hazardous actual or potential exposures.
(b) If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as part of the entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape self-contained breathing apparatus of at least five minute's duration shall be carried by employees during initial site entry.
(c) If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site an ensemble providing protection equivalent to Level B PPE shall be provided as minimum protection and direct reading instruments shall be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH conditions. (See WAC 296-62-3170 - Appendix B for a description of Level B hazards and the recommendations for Level B protective equipment.)
(d) Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate PPE shall be selected and used in accordance with WAC 296-62-3060.
(6) Monitoring. The following monitoring shall be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient to rule out these possible conditions:
(a) Monitoring with direct reading instruments for hazardous levels of ionizing radiation.
(b) Monitoring the air with appropriate direct reading equipment (i.e., combustible gas meters, detector tubes) for IDLH and other conditions that may cause death or serious harm (combustible or explosive atmospheres, oxygen deficiency, toxic substances).
(c) Visually observing for signs of actual or potential IDLH or other dangerous conditions.
(d) An ongoing air monitoring program in accordance with WAC 296-62-3070 shall be implemented after site characterization has determined the site is safe for the start-up of operations.
(7) Risk identification. Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these substances shall be identified. Employees who will be working on the site shall be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C, training required by those standards need not be duplicated.
Note: Risks to consider include, but are not limited to: (a) Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels. (b) IDLH concentrations. (c) Potential skin absorption and irritation sources. (d) Potential eye irritation sources. (e) Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges. (f) Oxygen deficiency.
(8) Employee notification. Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and
toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available
to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform shall be made
available to all employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer
may utilize information developed for the hazard communication standard, chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C, for this purpose.))
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 94-16-145, § 296-62-3020, filed 8/3/94, effective 9/12/94; 90-20-091 (Order 90-14), § 296-62-3020, filed 10/1/90, effective 11/15/90; 89-21-018 (Order 89-10), § 296-62-3020, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/24/89; 88-21-002 (Order 88-23), § 296-62-3020, filed 10/6/88, effective 11/7/88.]
A preliminary evaluation of a site's characteristics must be performed prior to site entry by a qualified person in order to aid in the selection of appropriate employee protection methods prior to site entry. Immediately after initial site entry, a more detailed evaluation of the site's specific characteristics must be performed by a qualified person in order to further identify existing site hazards and to further aid in the selection of the appropriate engineering controls and personal protective equipment for the tasks to be performed.
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All suspected conditions that may pose inhalation or skin absorption hazards that are immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH), or other conditions that may cause death or serious harm, must be identified during the preliminary survey and evaluated during the detailed survey. Examples of such hazards include, but are not limited to, confined space entry, potentially explosive or flammable situations, visible vapor clouds, or areas where biological indicators such as dead animals or vegetation are located.
[]
The following information to the extent available must be obtained by the employer prior to allowing employees to enter a site:
(1) Location and approximate size of the site.
(2) Description of the response activity and/or the job task to be performed.
(3) Duration of the planned employee activity.
(4) Site topography and accessibility by air and roads.
(5) Safety and health hazards expected at the site.
(6) Pathways for hazardous substance dispersion.
(7) Present status and capabilities of emergency response teams that would provide assistance to hazardous waste clean-up site employees at the time of an emergency.
(8) Hazardous substances and health hazards involved or expected at the site and their chemical and physical properties.
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) must be provided and used during initial site entry in accordance with the following requirements:
(1) Based upon the results of the preliminary site evaluation, an ensemble of PPE must be selected and used during initial site entry which will provide protection to a level of exposure below established permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels for known or suspected hazardous substances and health hazards, and which will provide protection against other known and suspected hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation. If there is no permissible exposure limit or published exposure level, the employer may use other published studies and information as a guide to appropriate personal protective equipment. Level A and Level B personal protective equipment is required for the most hazardous actual or potential exposures.
(2) If positive-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus is not used as part of the entry ensemble, and if respiratory protection is warranted by the potential hazards identified during the preliminary site evaluation, an escape self-contained breathing apparatus of at least five minute's duration must be carried by employees during initial site entry.
(3) If the preliminary site evaluation does not produce sufficient information to identify the hazards or suspected hazards of the site an ensemble providing protection equivalent to Level B PPE must be provided as minimum protection and direct reading instruments must be used as appropriate for identifying IDLH conditions. (See WAC 296-62-3170 - Appendix B for a description of Level B hazards and the recommendations for Level B protective equipment.)
(4) Once the hazards of the site have been identified, the appropriate PPE must be selected and used in accordance with WAC 296-62-3060 through 296-62-30615.
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The following monitoring must be conducted during initial site entry when the site evaluation produces information that shows the potential for ionizing radiation or IDLH conditions, or when the site information is not sufficient to rule out these possible conditions:
(1) Monitoring with direct reading instruments for hazardous levels of ionizing radiation.
(2) Monitoring the air with appropriate direct reading equipment (i.e., combustible gas meters, detector tubes) for IDLH and other conditions that may cause death or serious harm (combustible or explosive atmospheres, oxygen deficiency, toxic substances).
(3) Visually observing for signs of actual or potential IDLH or other dangerous conditions.
(4) An ongoing air monitoring program in accordance with WAC 296-62-30710 and 296-62-30715 must be implemented after site characterization has determined the site is safe for the start-up of operations.
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Once the presence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances and health hazards have been established, the risks associated with these substances must be identified. Employees who will be working on the site must be informed of any risks that have been identified. In situations covered by chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C, training required by those standards need not be duplicated.
Note: Risks to consider include, but are not limited to:
(1) Exposures exceeding the permissible exposure limits and published exposure levels.
(2) IDLH concentrations.
(3) Potential skin absorption and irritation sources.
(4) Potential eye irritation sources.
(5) Explosion sensitivity and flammability ranges.
(6) Oxygen deficiency.
[]
Any information concerning the chemical, physical, and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be present on site that is available to the employer and relevant to the duties an employee is expected to perform must be made available to all employees prior to the commencement of their work activities. The employer may use information developed for the hazard communication standard, chapter 296-62 WAC, Part C, for this purpose.
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(((1) General.)) Appropriate site control procedures
((shall)) must be implemented to control employee exposure to hazardous substances before
clean-up work begins.
(((2) Site control program. A site control program for protecting employees which is
part of the employer's site safety and health program required in WAC 296-62-3010 shall be
developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as
necessary as new information becomes available.
(3) Elements of the site control program. The site control program shall, as a minimum, include: A site map; site work zones; the use of a "buddy system"; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of nearest medical assistance. Where these requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.
(4) Site work zones.
(a) The site work zones shall be the exclusion zone, contamination reduction zone, and the clean zone.
(b) Decontamination procedures shall take place in the contamination reduction corridor consisting, if practical, of separate corridors for personnel and for equipment.
(c) An entry and exit check point must be established at the boundary of the exclusion zone to regulate the flow of personnel and equipment into and out of the zone. Exit from the exclusion zone must be through a contamination reduction corridor.
(d) Access to the contamination reduction zone from the clean zone is through a control point. Personnel entering or working in the contamination zone shall wear the prescribed personnel protective equipment, if required, for working in this zone. Entering the clean zone requires removal of any protective equipment worn in the contamination reduction zone.))
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 49.17 RCW. 89-21-018 (Order 89-10), § 296-62-3030, filed 10/10/89, effective 11/24/89; 88-21-002 (Order 88-23), § 296-62-3030, filed 10/6/88, effective 11/7/88.]
A site control program for protecting employees which is part of the employer's site safety and health program required in WAC 296-62-3010 through 296-62-30145 must be developed during the planning stages of a hazardous waste clean-up operation and modified as necessary as new information becomes available.
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The site control program must, as a minimum, include: A site map; site work zones; the use of a "buddy system"; site communications including alerting means for emergencies; the standard operating procedures or safe work practices; and, identification of nearest medical assistance. Where these requirements are covered elsewhere they need not be repeated.
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(1) The site work zones must be the exclusion zone, contamination reduction zone, and the clean zone.
(2) Decontamination procedures must take place in the contamination reduction corridor consisting, if practical, of separate corridors for personnel and for equipment.
(3) An entry and exit check point must be established at the boundary of the exclusion zone to regulate the flow of personnel and equipment into and out of the zone. Exit from the exclusion zone must be through a contamination reduction corridor.
(4) Access to the contamination reduction zone from the clean zone is through a control point. Personnel entering or working in the contamination zone must wear the prescribed personnel protective equipment, if required, for working in this zone. Entering the clean zone requires removal of any protective equipment worn in the contamination reduction zone.
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(1)
((General.
(a))) All employees working on site (such as but not limited to equipment operators,
general laborers, and others) exposed to hazardous substances, health hazards, or safety hazards,
and their supervisors and management responsible for the site, ((shall)) must receive training
meeting the requirements of this subsection before they are permitted to engage in hazardous
waste operations that could expose them to hazardous substances, safety, or health hazards, and
they ((shall)) must review training as specified in this subsection.
(((b))) (2) Employees ((shall)) must not be permitted to participate in or supervise field
activities until they have been trained to a level required by their job function and responsibility.
(((2) Elements to be covered. The training shall thoroughly cover the following:
(a) Names of personnel and alternates responsible for site safety and health;
(b) Safety, health, and other hazards present on the site;
(c) Use of personal protective equipment;
(d) Work practices by which the employee can minimize risks from hazards;
(e) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment on the site;
(f) Medical surveillance requirements including recognition of symptoms and signs which might indicate overexposure to hazards; and
(g) The contents of items (vii) through (x) of the site safety and health plan set forth in WAC 296-62-3010 (4)(b).
(3) Initial training. General site workers (such as equipment operators, general laborers, and supervisory personnel) engaged in hazardous substance removal or other activities which expose or potentially expose workers to hazardous substances and health hazards shall receive the following required training:
(a) General site workers required to wear Level A or Level B personal protective equipment because of the types of hazards to which they are exposed or have the potential for being exposed are required to have 80 hours of training and a minimum of three days actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
(b) General site workers required to wear Level C or D personal protective equipment, equipment operators or transport vehicle operators, are required to have 40 hours of training and a minimum of three days actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
(c) General site workers on site only occasionally for specific limited tasks, and supervisors not working in the two inner zones are required to have 24 hours of training. For example, certain Environmental Protection Agency, and department of ecology employees, labor and industries inspectors and other short-term monitoring and surveying personnel would be required to only have 24 hours of training if they are on-site only occasionally for a specific limited task and are unlikely to be exposed over permissible exposure levels and published exposure limits. A minimum of one day actual field experience under direct supervision is also required.
(d) Workers regularly on site who work in areas which have been monitored and fully characterized indicating that exposures are under permissible exposure limits and published exposure limits where respirators are not necessary, and the characterization indicates that there are no health hazards or the possibility of an emergency developing, shall receive a minimum of 24 hours of instruction off the site and the minimum of one day actual field experience under the direct supervision of a trained, experienced supervisor.
(e) Workers with 24 hours of training who are covered by (c) and (d) of this subsection, and who become general site workers or who are required to wear respirators, shall have the additional 16 hours and two days of training necessary to total the training specified in (b) of this subsection.
(4) Management and supervisor training. On-site management and supervisors directly responsible for, or who supervise employees engaged in, hazardous waste operations shall receive the same initial training as listed in subsection (3) of this section, and three days of supervised field experience and at least eight additional hours of specialized training at the time of job assignment on such topics as, but not limited to, the employer's safety and health program and the associated employee training program, personal protective equipment program, spill containment program, and health hazard monitoring procedure and techniques.
(5) Law enforcement at illicit drug labs.
| Exception: | WISHA did not intend application of the 80 hour training requirement to law enforcement personnel required to enter illicit drug labs, secure the premise, and obtain necessary evidence for law enforcement purposes. Attendance at a specific 40 hours course, such as that presented by the criminal justice training commission, is acceptable. |
| Note: | If cleanup activities are conducted by law enforcement personnel, then appropriate hazardous waste cleanup
training would be required. |
(a) 40 and 80 hour hazardous waste cleanup courses. As a minimum, the training course content for the 40 hour and 80 hour training program shall include the following topics:
(i) Overview of the applicable sections of Part P of chapter 296-62 WAC and the elements of an employer's effective occupational safety and health program.
(ii) Effect of chemical exposure to hazardous substances (i.e., toxicity, carcinogens, irritants, sensitizers, etc.).
(iii) Effects of biological and radiological exposures.
(iv) Fire and explosion hazards (i.e., flammable and combustible liquids, reactive materials).
(v) General safety hazards, including electrical hazards, powered equipment hazards, walking-working surface hazards and those hazards associated with hot and cold temperature extremes.
(vi) Permit-required confined space, tank, and vault hazards and entry procedures.
(vii) Names of personnel and alternates, where appropriate, responsible for site safety and health at the site.
(viii) Specific safety, health, and other hazards that are to be addressed at a site and in the site safety and health plan.
(ix) Use of personal protective equipment and the implementation of the personal protective equipment program.
(x) Work practices that will minimize employee risk from site hazards.
(xi) Safe use of engineering controls and equipment and any new relevant technology or procedure.
(xii) Content of the medical surveillance program and requirements, including the recognition of signs and symptoms of overexposure to hazardous substances.
(xiii) The contents of an effective site safety and health plan.
(xiv) Use of monitoring equipment with "hands-on" experience and the implementation of the employee and site monitoring program.
(xv) Implementation and use of the information program.
(xvi) Drum and container handling procedures and the elements of a spill containment program.
(xvii) Selection and use of material handling equipment.
(xviii) Methods for assessment of risk and handling of radioactive wastes.
(xix) Methods for handling shock-sensitive wastes.
(xx) Laboratory waste pack handling procedures.
(xxi) Container sampling procedures and safeguards.
(xxii) Safe preparation procedures for shipping and transport of containers.
(xxiii) Decontamination program and procedures.
(xxiv) Emergency response plan and procedures including first aid.
(xxv) Safe site illumination levels.
(xxvi) Site sanitation procedures and equipment for employee needs.
(xxvii) Review of the applicable appendices to Part P of chapter 296-62 WAC.
(xxviii) Overview and explanation of WISHA's hazard communic